利用麦麸纤维素稳定低脂Pickering乳液

以农副产物麦麸为原材料,经过碱煮、漂白等工艺提取麦麸纤维素,从而制备稳定的低脂Pickering乳液。考察麦麸纤维的质量分数、p H及Zeta电位等因素对乳液的静置稳定性和乳液滴粒径分布的影响。结果表明,随麦麸纤维质量分数的增大,乳液的稳定性逐渐增强;Zeta电位绝对值随着p H的增加而增大,p H为3时乳液的稳定性最好;纤维质量分数为1.00%的乳液样品,乳液滴D_((3,2))为3.5μm;从乳液滴的粒径分布分析,乳液的失稳主要发生在储存前期(3 d),随着时间延长乳液逐渐趋于稳定。     

含氟纳米乳液的制备及在储层润湿逆转中的应用

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、γ－甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、全氟烷基乙基丙烯酸酯(PEA)为原料,制备了一种可改变储层润湿性、防止储层水锁的含氟纳米乳液（FPA）。采用FT-IR、SEM、XRD、粒径对FPA乳液的结构及稳定性进行了表征,结果表明,PEA成功引入到聚合物链上,随着PEA质量分数增加,乳液粒径增大,当PEA质量分数大于1.5 %时,乳液出现分层, PEA质量分数为1.5 %时（FPA-3）,乳液稳定性最好。采用表面张力、排出率、毛细管自吸、接触角等测试方法,考察了FPA-3溶液质量分数对改变岩心润湿性的影响,结果表明,随着FPA-3溶液质量分数增大,FPA-3水溶液表面张力减小,排出率增大,毛细管自吸高度减小, 与水的接触角增大。当FPA-3乳液质量分数为2.0 %时,其表面张力由46.01 mN/m减小至22.68 mN/m,表面张力减少了50.7 %;排出率由19.89 %提高至29.47 %,排出率提高了48.16 %;毛细管自吸高度由42 mm减小至30 mm,毛细管自吸高度减少了28.6 %;岩心的表面自由能由73.2 mN/m减小至8.7 mN/m,岩心的表面自由能减少了88.11 %;使岩心由亲水性（θ=69.8 °）转变为疏水性（θ=125.1 °）。因此,含氟纳米乳液可作为润湿反转剂改变储层润湿性,提高气井采收率。     

冷藏运输用Al_2O_3-H_2O纳米流体蓄冷相变时间分析

利用恒温浴槽分别对质量分数为5%,Al2O3粒径分别为10,20,50,100,500 nm和粒径为10 nm,质量分数分别为5%,10%,12%,15%,20%的两组Al2O3-H2O纳米流体进行冻结,分析了纳米流体和去离子水在冻结过程中的温度变化,讨论了Al2O3粒径和浓度对冻结过程的影响。结果表明,在去离子水基液中加入Al2O3纳米颗粒,减少了凝固相变时间,且当质量分数为5%时,相变时间随粒径增大而增加,粒径为10 nm时,相变时间最短;当粒径为10 nm,质量分数小于10%或大于12%时,相变时间均随质量分数的增大而增加,但质量分数为12%时,相变时间最短。相对于冰作为蓄冷材料,纳米蓄冷材料可节省蓄冷时间,有效提高能源利用效率。     

含氟苯丙无皂乳液的合成及其在涂料中的应用

以过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,将丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、苯乙烯(ST)、丙烯酸(AA)与甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(DFMA)通过无皂乳液聚合法制备了含氟苯丙无皂乳液(BSAD)。通过IR、TEM、粒度仪及Zeta电位分析仪表征了乳液主组分结构、乳胶粒形貌、粒径分布及Zeta电位,并考察了丙烯酸钠、引发剂APS、DFMA的用量及反应温度对乳液性能的影响。并将该乳液与纳米TiO2等复配制备了氟碳涂料。结果表明,当丙烯酸钠质量分数为12%,APS质量分数为1%,反应温度为78℃时,乳液性能最佳,此时凝胶率为0.8%,耐水性大于168 h,单体转化率为97.1%;当DFMA质量分数为25%时,涂膜疏水性最佳,水接触角达到113°,吸水率为6.4%;制得的氟碳涂料的附着力、硬度、耐水性等都获得了令人满意的效果。     

高固含量UV固化水性PUA的制备及性能

以聚乙二醇600双丙烯酸酯(PEG600DA)作为可聚合非离子乳化剂,制得了高固含量(树脂占乳液质量的54%)紫外光固化水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯乳液(PWPUA)。通过FTIR对聚合物结构进行了表征,采用DLS、TSI、TGA、DSC和万能试验机考察了PEG600DA质量分数对乳液粒径分布、乳液稳定性、胶膜热性能及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随PEG600DA质量分数的增加,乳液粒径及稳定性先降低后增大;同时乳胶膜的软段玻璃化转变温度(Tgs)上升,硬段玻璃化转变温度(Tgh)下降。当w(PEG600DA)=6.09%时,乳液粒径为31.86 nm且粒径分布为单峰;TSI值最小,稳定性最佳;乳胶膜拉伸强度最大为27.82 MPa。当w(PEG600DA)=8.87%时,乳胶膜最高降解温度最大(Tmax=396.483℃),热稳定性最佳。     

可聚合乳化剂在氯氰菊酯纳米胶囊制备中的应用

采用可聚合乳化剂烯丙氧基壬基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚硫酸铵(DNS-86),通过微乳液聚合法制备氯氰菊酯纳米胶囊.考察了乳化剂的量,壳芯比对纳米胶囊的粒径、粒径分布的影响.结果表明:可聚合乳化剂因其特殊的结构特征,从而使制得的微乳液更加稳定.随其浓度增加,制得纳米胶囊平均粒径减小,粒径分布变窄.当乳化剂质量分数约为8.71%、农药和单体质量比3:2.5时,得到了包裹结构和粒径分布比较理想的氯氰菊酯纳米胶囊.     

聚丙烯酸酯微乳液平均粒径影响因素的研究

探讨了利用预乳化种子法合成聚丙烯酸酯微乳液的聚合过程中,去离子水用量、阴离子与非离子乳化剂配比及用量、聚合温度、功能性单体用量及混合单体配比对平均粒径的影响.结果表明,在反应过程中,控制去离子水用量为总质量的60%、乳化剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)质量比为4:1及复合乳化剂的用量为总质量的3%～5%时,合成的微乳液粒径小、分布好;聚合温度对聚丙烯酸酯微乳液平均粒径的影响较小;随功能性单体甲基丙烯酸用量的增加,微乳液平均粒径增大明显,其加人量以不超过总质量的1.8%为宜;当甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的用量等于或大于丙烯酸丁酯(BA)的用量时,可得到纳米级微乳液.     

用乙醇调节水溶性聚酯乳液的黏度及其机理分析

在质量分数为30.0%的水溶性聚酯乳液中,添加少量乙醇溶剂代替水可极大降低乳液的黏度。随着乙醇含量的增加,乳液黏度先减小后增加;乙醇质量分数为1.0%~9.0%时水溶性聚酯乳液黏度较低,超过9.0%时黏度急剧增加。用激光粒径分析仪测定了乳液粒径和界面电位。结果表明:添加少量乙醇引起水溶性聚酯乳液黏度降低的原因是由于乙醇共溶剂不利于聚酯高分子链中磺酸基的离子化,Zeta电位下降,且使乳液胶粒溶胀,导致其粒径增加;当乙醇质量分数超过9.0%后,水溶性聚酯乳液粒径快速增加,聚酯乳液胶粒扩散层重叠,导致体系黏度急剧增加。     

用磺酸型亲水扩链剂制备高固含量聚氨酯乳液

以聚(四氢呋喃-co-氧化丙烯)二醇为软段、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯为硬段,以1,2-二羟基-3-丙磺酸钠(DHPA)作为亲水扩链剂,用自乳化法合成了一系列稳定的高固含量聚氨酯乳液,分析了DHPA用量对乳液及其胶膜性能的影响。结果表明:所得聚氨酯乳液的粒径呈多元分布,乳胶粒子呈球形;乳液为假塑性流体;随着DHPA用量的增加,乳液平均粒径逐渐减小,粒径分布变窄,固含量不断增大,当DHPA质量分数为7%时,乳液的总固物质量分数可达61%。乳液具有较好的高、低温及贮存稳定性能。随着DHPA用量的增加,聚氨酯乳液胶膜的拉伸强度逐渐增大,扯断伸长率则先增大后减小;当DHPA质量分数为5%时胶膜的综合力学性能最佳;DHPA用量对胶膜的热稳定性没有明显影响。     

甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯/十一烯酸钠无皂乳液的制备与性能研究

对甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯/十一烯酸钠（TFEMA/SU）无皂乳液聚合体系进行了研究。考察了单体配比对聚合反应及乳液性质的影响,研究了SU的用量对乳液稳定性、黏度、乳胶粒粒径大小及分布等的影响。实验发现：以TFEMA和SU为单体可制得稳定性较好的无皂乳液,SU的用量是影响乳液稳定性、乳液黏度及乳胶粒粒径大小的关键因素。配方中SU的质量分数控制在3%～9%,制得的乳液稳定性较好,低于或高于此添加量,稳定性较差;当SU的质量分数由3%增大到9%时,乳液的电解质稳定性由1.6 mL增大到2.2 mL,黏度由102 mPa.s增大到379 mPa.s,说明SU量的增大对乳液的电解质稳定性及黏度提高是有利的。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。