Zr1-xTix(Ni0.6Mn0.3V 0.1Cr0.05)2(x=0～0.5)Laves相储氢合金的电化学性能

本文研究Zr1-xTix(Ni0.6 Mn0.3V0.1Cr0.05)2(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5)系Lav es相储氢电极合金的气态P-C-T性能、晶体结构及电化学性能.XRD分析表明,Ti合金化使 Zr基储氢合金主相从C15相转变为C14相.当x>0.2时,第二相Zr7Ni10相消失, 并出现TiNi相.Ti合金化使Zr基储氢合金中C15相和C14相的晶格常数线性递减.气态P-C-T 测试表明,Ti合金化从x=0增加至x=0.5时合金的吸放氢平台压力升高约10倍,但降低了储氢合金的最大储氢容量.电化学测试表明,Ti合金化有利于改善Zr基储氢合金的活化性能, 这与Ti在KOH溶液中易于溶解有关,但过高的Ti含量降低了合金电极的循环稳定性.Zr1 -xTix(Ni0.6Mn0.3V0.1Cr0.05)2合金的电化学容量和高倍率放电性能均随合金中Ti含量的增加先上升后下降,这与合金的相结构组成有很大关系 .     

La_(1-x)Y_xNi_(4.8)Mn_(0.2)合金的储氢性能

研究了元素Y(钇)对La_(1-x)Y_xNi_(4.8)Mn_(0.2)(x=0.6,0.7,0.8)合金储氢性能的影响,结果表明:La_(1-x)Y_xNi_(4.8)Mn_(0.2)合金为CaCu_5型六方结构;随着Y含量的增加,晶格参数a和晶胞体积V减小,而c几乎不变,c/a线性增大;随着Y含量的增加,合金的吸放氢平台压显著升高,吸氢量减少,吸放氢平台斜率S和滞后系数_f略有增加,滞后系数H_f与XRD(111)峰的半高宽(FWHM)值的变化有着很好的对应关系,抗粉化性能提高。当Y含量x=0.8时,合金的吸放氢动力学综合性能最好。     

三相(Ti, Zr)N复合陶瓷的物相分析

通过对高纯TiZr合金的高温氮化和高温退火制取了三相(Ti,Zr)N复合陶瓷。此结果不同于TiN与ZrN仅形成单相FCC结构无限固溶体的早期研究。应用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线能量散射(EDS)及高分辨电子显微术(HRTEM)等技术手段分析研究了该(Ti,Zr)N复合陶瓷的晶体结构和化学成份。X射线衍射分析研究确定了材料的相组成(三相,FCC结构)及三相的晶格常数。微区化学成份分析给出各相中Ti与Zr的相对原子百分含量以及它们的金属元素含量的近似化学表达式。结合高分辨像的研究,最终确定出晶格常数最大的相富Zr,晶格常数居中的相Ti与Zr含量近似相等,而晶格常数最小的相富Ti.     

退火对LaNi4.25Al0.75合金储氢性能的影响研究

研究了退火热处理对LaNi_(4.25)Al_(0.75)合金吸放氢性能和晶体结构的影响。研究表明,退火处理具有降低合金吸放氢P-C-T曲线平台区斜率的作用。在1273K退火,合金的晶体结构并没有改变,热处理前后都属于六方晶系CaCu_5型,但晶格常数和晶胞体积发生了变化,随着退火温度升高,晶格常数a增大,晶胞体积V增大。退火热处理可显著改善LaNi_(4.25)Al_(0.75)合金吸放氢性能,1273K下12h热处理条件有望成为LaNiAl系列储氢合金工业应用热处理的工艺规范。     

(Ti0.1V0.9)1-xFex(x=0～0.06)合金的相结构及储氢性能

系统研究了(Ti0.1V0.9)1-xFex(x=0、0.02、0.04、0.06)合金的相结构及其储氢性能.XRD及SEM分析表明,所有合金均由单一的体心立方(BCC)结构的钒基固溶体相组成;随着Fe含量的增加,合金的点阵常数呈线性递减,晶胞体积也随之逐渐降低.储氢性能测试表明,该系列合金的动力学性能均比较好,在10℃和4MPa初始氢压条件下,合金无需氢化孕育期就能吸氢.随着Fe含量从x=0增加至x=0.06,合金的活化性能得到改善;10℃最大吸氢量则从509.5ml/g逐渐降至424.8ml/g;而50℃有效放氢量先升后降,并在x=0.04时达到最高值255.6ml/g.在所研究的合金中,Ti0.096V0.864Fe0.04合金具有最佳的综合性能,经2次吸放氢循环即可活化,10℃最大吸氢量为494.5ml/g,50℃有效放氢量达到255.6ml/g.     

Ti_(10)V_(83-x)Fe_6ZrMn_x(x=0～6)合金的微观结构和储氢性能

采用磁悬浮感应熔炼方法制备了Ti_(10)V_(83-x)Fe_6ZrMn_x(x=0、2、4、6)储氢合金,系统研究了Mn含量对合金微观结构和储氢特性的影响.XRD及SEM分析表明,无Mn合金(x=0)具有体心立方(bcc)结构的Ti-V基固溶体单相结构,而含Mn合金(x=2～6)均由bcc主相和C14型Laves第二相组成;随着Mn含量的增加,合金bcc主相的晶格常数和晶胞体积逐渐减小.储氢性能测试表明:该系列合金的吸氢动力学性能较好,在室温和4MPa初始氢压条件下,含Mn合金无需氢化孕育期就能快速吸氢;随着Mn含量的增加,合金的P-C-T放氢平台倾斜度逐渐减小,333K放氢平台压力先增后减,并在x=4达到最高;但合金的室温吸氢容量和333K有效放氢容量随Mn含量的增加而逐渐降低.     

热氢处理对Ti600合金的组织演变和硬度的影响

研究了热氢处理对Ti600合金组织演变和硬度的影响.结果表明:热氢处理后,在Ti600合金中析出具有四方结构的硅化物粒子S3(0.357%H)和六方结构的硅化物粒子S1(0.497%H).在氢的质量分数为0.357%和0.497%的试样中均发现有面心立方(fcc)的氢化物,并且随着氢含量的提高氢化物表现出明显细化的趋势.Ti600合金的硬度随着氢含量的提高而提高,其主要原因是氢化物、硅化物粒子以及晶格缺陷的存在.     

Research of the influence of thermohydrogen treatment on microstructural evolution and hardness of Ti600 alloy

研究了热氢处理对Ti600合金组织演变和硬度的影响. 结果表明: 热氢处理后,在Ti600合金中析出具有四方结构的硅化物粒子S3(0.357% H)和六方结构的硅化物粒子S1(0.497% H). 在氢的质量分数为0.357%和0.497%的试样中均发现有面心立方(fcc)的氢化物, 并且随着氢含量的提高氢化物表现出明显细化的趋势.Ti600合金的硬度随着氢含量的提高而提高, 其主要原因是氢化物、硅化物粒子以及晶格缺陷的存在.     

V_(1.95)Ti_(0.5)Cr_(0.5)NiO_(0.05)Al_xFe_y(x,y=0～0.05)贮氢合金的组织结构和电化学性能

为了获得有较高电化学放电容量和良好循环稳定性的V基固溶体贮氢电极合金,采用感应熔炼方法制备了一系列含Al和Fe的V基贮氢电极合金V1.95Ti0.5Cr0.5NiO0.05AlxFey(x,y=0~0.05),通过X射线衍射、金相显微镜和电化学测试等手段研究了添加不同含量的Al和Fe对合金显微组织和电化学性能的影响。结果表明,所有合金均由BCC结构的V基固溶体主相和TiNi基第二相组成。电化学测试表明,增加Al含量后,合金的最大放电容量由345.2mAh/g(x=0)增加到430.7mAh/g(x=0.05),同时合金的高倍率放电性能、交换电流密度和氢的扩散系数得到改善。而随着Fe含量的增加,合金的循环稳定性能得到了一定的提高,但是最大放电容量有所降低。     

Ti-V合金及其氢化物结构的研究

介绍了3种组成的Ti-V合金(Ti0.76V0.24、Ti0.51V0.49和Ti0.25V0.75)及其氢化物的晶体结构确定方法.通过XRD分析和理论计算,确定这3种合金为bcc结构,它们的纯β相氢化物是fcc结构,并测得了这两类结构的晶胞参数.研究发现,Ti-V合金吸氢性能比金属V有所改善,H原子数与合金原子数之和的比大于1.0才能发生α相氢化物向β相氢化物的转变.     

Ti-Cr-Mn-M(M=V、Fe、Ni、Cu)合金的储氢性能

为改善Ti(Cr-Mn)2 AB2型合金的储氢性能,采用A侧过化学计量和过渡金属部分替代Mn进行多元合金化,系统研究了Tix(Cr-Mn-M)2(x=1.0,1.1;M=V、Fe、Ni、Cu)合金的储氢性能.研究结果表明,V、Fe、Ni、Cu部分替代Mn进行多元合金化后,合金主相仍保持C14(MgZn2)型Laves相,合金晶胞体积增大.合金化元素部分替代Mn后合金的活化性能得到明显改善,合金吸放氢量增大,吸放氢压力滞后减小.除Fe使合金放氢平台压力有所升高外,其余合金化元素均使合金的吸放氢平衡压力有不同程度的降低,这是由于合金的晶胞体积增大所致.在所形成的合金中,以Ti1.1Cr1.2Mn0.5CuO0.3的综合性能最好,其室温下吸放氢量分别达到1.95%和1.72 9,6(质量分数).采用该合金与自制的轻质高压储氢容器(工作压力为40MPa)复合组成金属氢化物复合式高压储氢器,对其储氢密度的计算结果表明,当储氢合金的填充量(体积分数)达到0.20时,该复合式储氢器总的体积储氢密度将提高57%.     

Effect of Minor Alloying on Crystallization Behavior and Thermal Properties of Zr_(64.5)Ni_(15.5)Al_(11.5)Cu_(8.5) Bulk Amorphous Alloy

Minor alloying plays an important role in the synthesis and improvement of thermal stability of bulk metallic glasses(BMGs).The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of minor additions of Y,Ti and Nb on the crystallization behavior and the thermal properties of Zr64.5Ni15.5Al11.5Cu8.5 alloy.Thermal parameters and the activation energies for crystallization were calculated for four(Zr0.645Ni0.155Al0.115-Cu0.085)100-xMx(M=Y,Ti and Nb,while x=0,2 at.) alloys.The present alloys have wide supercooled liquid region of ≥87 K.Maximum activation energy was found to be greater than 300 kJ/mol for the base alloy.Four crystalline phases were identified in the samples annealed at 823 K for 20 min.Reduced glass transition temperature(Trg) and other thermal parameters such as γ,δ and β were improved by Y and Ti addition.Nb addition resists crystallization below annealing temperature 713 K,however,its effect on thermal properties is not very promising.     

Mg_(76-x)V_xTi_(12)Ni_(12)(x=4、8、12、16)合金制备与贮氢性能的研究

采用机械合金化制备了Mg76-xVxTi12Ni12(x=4、8、12、16)合金,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和压强-成分-温度(PCT)等分析方法对合金粉末进行分析和表征。结果表明,合金相主要由Mg2Ni相和Ti2Ni相组成,Mg76-xVxTi12Ni12(x=4、8、12、16)合金贮氢量(质量分数,下同)分别为3.71%、3.12%、2.85%和2.33%,随着V含量的增加,合金的贮氢量下降,合金氢化物释氢率分别为95.1%、97.1%、84.9%和94.4%,适量的V能提高合金氢化物的释氢率。     

Lattice matching of D023 and D022 phases in Al-6at.%(Ti,V,Zr) systems

Composite quaternary alloys with 21–22 vol.% of Al₃M (M = Ti,V,Zr) were made by vacuum arc melting. Two inlermetallic phases were found in alloys: one is V rich D0₂₂-Al₃(Ti,V,Zr) and the other is Zr rich D0₂₃-Al₃(Ti,V,Zr). Measured lattice constants of precipitate phases were strongly dependent on the composition of transition elements in precipitates and generally obeyed Vegard's rule. The lattice misfits between Al₃M phases and the matrix did not change much in alloys while the lattice misfit between D0₂₂ and D0₂₃ Al₃M phases was found to decrease with an increase in Ti content implying that the interface between both phases became more smooth, hard to distinguish and separate. A geometrical model was made for the lattice matching between two, D0₂₂ and D0₂₃ Al₃M phases. Titanium has been found to act as a retarding element to separation into D0₂₃ and D0₂₂ phases and the pre-existing phase may have been L₁₂ or D0₂₃ phase.     

Second generation (low modulus) titanium alloys in total hip arthroplasty

Titanium alloys ‐ type (α+β) ‐ like Ti6Al7Nb or Ti6Al4V are widely used in cementless total hip arthroplasty due to their lower modulus, biocompatibility and enhanced corrosion resistance in comparison to Stainless Steel or Cobalt‐Chromium implant materials. Several articles report about atrophy of the proximal femur in cases where long stems with a big diameter made of (α+β) Titanium alloys with a relatively high value of the Youngs’ Modulus (110 GPa) in comparison to the Youngs’ Modulus of cortical bone (15–25 GPa) have been implanted using a prosthesis design with distal anchorage technique. Meanwhile several implant manufacturers have developed a new group of biocompatible Beta‐Titanium alloys with a lower Youngs’ Modulus around 70 GPa. This article gives an overview of the current status of available low modulus Titanium alloys including their mechanical characteristics and future developments.     

Tensile and fatigue evaluation of Ti–15Al–33Nb (at.%) and Ti–21Al–29Nb (at.%) alloys for biomedical applications

In this work the fatigue and tensile behavior of Ti–15Al–33Nb (at.%) and Ti–21Al–29Nb (at.%) was evaluated and compared to that for other titanium-based biomedical implant alloys, in particular Ti–6Al–4V (wt.%). The mechanical properties of interest were fatigue strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and elongation-to-failure. Fatigue stress versus life curves were obtained for tests performed at room temperature in air as well as in Ringer's solution at R = 0.1 for maximum stresses between 35% and 90% of the ultimate tensile strength. The results indicated that the fatigue strength and lives and elastic modulus of these alloys is comparable to that for Ti–6Al–4V (wt.%). Considering the data scatter and deformation behavior, the Ringer's solution did not significantly affect the fatigue behavior. Heat treatment reduced the tensile strength and this corresponded to a reduction in the fatigue strength. The tensile strength of the as-processed Ti-Al-Nb alloys was slightly lower than that for Ti–6Al–4V (wt.%), and the Ti–15Al–33Nb (at.%) exhibited lower strengths and higher elongations than Ti–21Al–29Nb. Based on the current results, it is proposed that titanium–aluminum–niobium alloys will be of considerable future interest for biomedical applications.     

金属玻璃基复合材料的制备及断裂韧性测试

采用铜模吸铸法制备了(Zr0.55Al0.1Ni0.05Cu0.30)100-xTix(x=0、2、4、6、8)板状哑铃型金属玻璃基复合材料试样。用X射线衍射(XRD)、岛津AG-10TA万能材料力学试验机和JSM-6700F场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对试样的组织结构以及断裂韧性进行了测试。结果表明,当x=0、2、4时,试样为非晶-晶体复合材料,当x=6、8时,试样为晶体材料。表明通过调整Ti的含量可以制备出金属玻璃基复合材料。采用三点弯曲法测定了复合材料的断裂韧性,当x=0、2、4时,试样的断裂韧性KIC值分别为10.529、5.142和3.446MPa.m1/2。     

Mechanical properties and microstructures of new Ti–Fe–Ta and Ti–Fe–Ta–Zr system alloys

β-type titanium alloys consisting of non-toxic elements, Ti–8Fe–8Ta, Ti–8Fe–8Ta–4Zr, and Ti–10Fe–10Ta–4Zr, were newly designed and developed for biomedical applications. Changes in the mechanical properties of the designed alloys with various heat treatments were discussed on the basis of the resultant microstructures. In addition, the corrosion resistance of the designed alloys was evaluated by polarization testing in Hank's solution. Conventional biomedical titanium (cp-Ti) and the titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V ELI were also polarized for comparison.The structural phase of the designed alloys, after cold rolling and solution treatment, was only the β phase. Ultimate tensile strength and elongation to fracture of Ti–8Fe–8Ta, Ti–8Fe–8Ta–4Zr, and Ti–10Fe–10Ta–4Zr after solution treatment were 1066 MPa and 10%, 1051 MPa and 10%, and 1092 MPa and 6%, respectively. Ti–8Fe–8Ta and Ti–8Fe–8Ta–4Zr have higher strength than those of conventional biomedical titanium alloys such as Ti–6Al–4V ELI, Ti–6Al–7Nb, and Ti–13Nb–13Zr. In particular, the elongations at failure of Ti–8Fe–8Ta and Ti–8Fe–8Ta–4Zr were equal to those of Ti–6Al–4V ELI and Ti–6Al–7Nb. The designed alloys and conventional biomedical titanium alloys were spontaneously passivated in Hank's solution. The current density of cp-Ti and Ti–6Al–4V ELI was increased at a potential above 2.5 V. On the other hand, the current density of the designed alloys abruptly increased at a potential above 3.5 V. The designed alloys have the advantage over cp-Ti and Ti–6Al–4V ELI in their high resistance to pitting corrosion in biological environments.Therefore, new β-type titanium alloys designed in this study, Ti–8Fe–8Ta and Ti–8Fe–8Ta–4Zr, are expected to have good properties as biomaterials.     

Evaluation of cast Ti–Fe–O–N alloys for dental applications

Good mechanical properties, biocompatibility and corrosion resistance make titanium an excellent material for biomedical applications. However, when better mechanical properties than those offered by commercially pure titanium (CPTi) are needed, Ti–6Al–4V is sometimes a good alternative. Some new titanium alloys, developed as industrial structural materials, aim at an intermediate range of strength between that of CP Ti and Ti–6Al–4V. Two of these alloys are Super-TIX800™ (Ti–1% Fe–0.35% O–0.01% N) and Super-TIX800N™ (Ti–1% Fe–0.3% O–0.04% N) (both produced by Nippon Steel Corp., Japan). Besides being stronger than CP Ti, the cost of manufacturing these alloys is reportedly lower than for Ti–6Al–4V since they do not contain any expensive elements. In addition, they are not composed of elements such as aluminum or vanadium, which have caused biocompatibility concerns in medical and dental appliances. To evaluate these alloys as candidates for dental use, it is helpful to compare them to CP Ti (ASTM Grade 2) and Ti–6Al–4V (ASTM Grade 5), which have already been employed in dentistry. We evaluated the tensile properties, mold filling capacity, corrosion characteristics and grindability of these industrial alloys prepared by investment casting. Compared to the strengths of cast CPTi, the yield strength and tensile strength of these cast alloys were more than 20% and approximately 30% higher, respectively. On the other hand, both of these properties were 30% lower than for Ti–6Al–4V. Better grindability and wear resistance were additional benefits of these new alloys for dental applications.