温度对衡器称量性能影响的评估和试验

文章从国际衡器产品合格评定的角度,阐述了OIML国际建议R76温度、温度作用下零点示值变化的要求、试验程序和相关专业基础知识。指出了当前我国衡器标准、技术法规在该项目上与国际先进标准的差异,并对其原因做出一定的分析,提出了一些建议。     

我国大型成套设备标准“走出去”的现状分析及思考

随着我国大型成套设备开拓国际市场步伐不断加快,相关领域标准国际化工作滞后问题逐步显现,这些问题已经成为影响我国企业国际竞争力的重要因素。本文通过分析问题现状,提出相应举措建议,为我国大型成套设备标准"走出去"提供借鉴依据。     

关于国标中立式罐静压力引起容积修正直计算方法的商榷

论述了原标准关于静压力引起容积增大计算公式中"dt4"的概念及取值不妥之处,计算出与正确取值的具体差值,并提出具体的修改建议.     

家具中邻苯二甲酸酯国内外检测标准比对

本文从家具和家具原材料邻苯二甲酸酯限量指标和测定方法两个方面,将我国标准与国际、国外相关标准、法规等进行了比对分析,并提出了相关改进建议。测定方法的比对重点包括:样品质量、萃取方式、定容方式、分析仪器和定量方法等。     

关于计量标准概念的演变及后果的探讨

文章在对计量标准相关概念定义分析的基础上,对计量标准考核工作中,计量标准概念的演变及后果进行了探讨。     

制定中文新闻信息技术标准实现全球中文新闻信息资源共享和应用

“中文新闻信息技术标准”是科技部2003年11月立项的国家“十五”重大科技攻关专项,包括“中文新闻信息置标语言”(简称CNML)和“中文新闻信息分类与代码”(简称《分类标准》)两个标准。CNML是基于XML技术制定的,既要参照国际上相关的通行标准,又要体现我国国情和中文特点,并兼有跨媒体、简洁灵活、扩展性好的优点《。分类标准》是在深入研究和博采众长的基础上制定的,既借鉴国际新闻同行的经验,又汇集国内各新闻单位的成果,具有涵盖面广、新闻特点明显、扩展性好、易于推广的特点《。分类标准》还是制定CNML中的元数据和受控词表所依…     

绿色包装国内外标准对比

目的通过梳理对比国内外绿色包装相关的标准法规体系,提出适应我国包装行业发展的绿色包装评价方法和准则标准的制定建议。方法通过对比欧盟、美国、日本、韩国等国外发达地区和国家在绿色包装标准体系方面的异同,总结我国现行绿色包装相关标准的技术差距及评价标准制定中存在的问题。结果发现除美国之外的其他各国绿色包装相关标准法规均以欧盟法规为基础,明确了我国绿色包装的概念,并建议将全生命周期的概念引入我国绿色包装评价标准中。结论各国绿色包装相关标准体系表现出明显趋同现象,在概念术语和具体评价方法/内容方面又存有差异。我国应充分借鉴各国绿色包装评价标准技术的特点,全面评价包装产品全生命周期过程中资源、能源、环境、品质的影响程度。     

家具用纺织品中禁用偶氮染料国内外检测标准对比研究

目前,家具用纺织品中禁用偶氮染料的检测方法是按GB 18401的规定进行.国际、国外相关标准与其有着一定程度的差异.本文将从限量指标和检测方法方面,对比我国与国际、国外的纺织品偶氮染料的检测标准,找出其异同,并提出相关的改进建议.     

我国体育标准概况研究及对公共体育标准体系建设的思考

本文以体育相关国家标准、行业标准和地方标准以及CNKI中文期刊论文为素材,以体育三要素“人”“场地（场馆）”和“体育器材”,对相关标准进行语义分析和主题对象归纳,得出结论：目前,国家标准仍然是体育领域标准中的主流;标龄较长的标准数量占比较多;在体育三要素中,与“人”相关的标准数量最少;地方标准在场地（场馆）标准方面具有数量优势;与体育方面论文相比,体育标准的主题对象更多集中在体育三要素,而科技期刊发表论文更加关注体育教学。本文针对我国体育标准的现状和存在问题提出了建议。     

湖南省高速公路养护标准体系研究

本文针对湖南省高速公路养护标准化现状分析,结合省内实际情况,构建了高速公路养护标准体系,并提出了养护行业需要制定的标准,最后对标准化工作提出了相关建议,对交通部门相关制度,以及标准的制定有重要的指导意义。     

Worldwide water standards for hemodialysis

Contaminants commonly found in tap water are toxic to hemodialysis patients. To prevent patient injury from these contaminants, standards for the quality of water used to prepare dialysate have been developed. These standards are in general agreement concerning maximum allowable levels of inorganic chemical contaminants known to have adverse consequences for dialysis patients. There is less agreement about inorganic chemical contaminants that may be toxic, and most standards omit any requirements for organic chemical contaminants. There are considerable differences between standards regarding the maximum allowable levels of microbiological contaminants, as well as the methods to be used for measuring them. Harmonization of existing standards may improve patient protection by promoting demonstrated best practices. Harmonization will require innovation and compromise to produce a standard that is widely applicable, provides patients with the necessary safeguards, and whose requirements can be routinely achieved within the constraints imposed by local reimbursement practices.     

The Calibration of dc Voltage Standards at NIST

This document describes the procedures used at NIST to calibrate dc voltage standards in terms of the NIST volt. Three calibration services are offered by the Electricity Division: Regular Calibration Service (RCS) of client standard cells at NIST; the Volt Transfer Program (VTP) a process to determine the difference between the NIST volt and the volt as maintained by a group of standard cells in a client laboratory; and the calibration of client solid-state dc voltage standards at NIST. The operational procedures used to compare these voltage standards to NIST voltage standards and to maintain the NIST volt via the ac Josephson effect are discussed.     

Standardization of Light Scattering Measurement in Conjunction With Immunochemical Analysis

Light scattering methods for the physical analysis of synthetic and biological polymers necessitates the use of scattering standards and absolute light scattering measurements. Standardization has not been employed when light scattering has been used to monitor immunochemical reactions using a kinetic or thermodynamic mode.The concentration of a specific protein present in a complex matrix such as urine, serum or cerebrospinal fluid, is measured by reacting the protein of interest with its specific antibody and then measuring the excess light scattering of the solution produced by the formation of antigen antibody complexes. The lack of established light scattering standards in the area of immunochemical measurements makes instrumental quality control difficult and has hindered direct comparison of data among investigators. Both solid and liquid light scattering standards would be necessary to encompass the wide range of instrumentation currently in use. Several solid standards which have been used in the past include reflecting diffusers such as vitrolite, magnesium carbonate crystals with a ground surface, magnesium oxide coatings on magnesium carbonate crystal, casein paint on vitrolite, and solid opal glass transmitting diffusers such as flashed opal glass and solid opal glass. These standards, while applicable to manual light scattering photometers, are not suitable for recently developed automated instrumentation. Liquid standards in the form of Ludox^®, solutions of polystyrene, suspensions of small diameter latex spheres and even pure organic solvents could be used more easily with the continuous flow and discrete automated analyzers. The introduction of instrumental standards at this level of analysis would result in improved overall quality control and facilitate data and method comparison between laboratories.     

电梯标准化发展现状

本文分析了电梯国际标准化工作中标委会和标准的发布情况,介绍了中国电梯国家标准化工作的大体情况,包括标委会、现行国家标准和作废标准的情况。在现行国家标准中对标准的标龄、发布年代、标准制定方向、采用国际标准、标准发布日期和实施日期的时间间隔等情况作了分析。本文的撰写对现行电梯相关的国际标准和国家标准情况进行了汇总和分析,有利于电梯标准体系的系统性建立,期盼本文的撰写对下一步电梯标准的制修订工作提供有益思路。     

中国古代手工艺设计标准案例研究

目的 研究分散在中国古代文献中的古代手工艺设计标准案例,找出这些古代手工艺的相关设计标准以及这些设计标准所体现出来的多方面文本内容。方法 采用定性方法和定量方法分别对文献的主要问题进行分析归类,研究古代手工艺设计标准案例的类型与特质,从历史证据走进现代逻辑诠释。结论 通过梳理中国古代文献中的手工艺设计标准案例,从形制、尺度、结构3个方面分析了设计标准的文本内容及其内涵与特质。研究发现,中国古代手工艺设计标准具有系统性的特征,它们并没有对创新构成阻碍,而是为手工艺的基本品质提供了保障。古代手工艺设计标准的实施存在着一些基本形式,目前来看有统一化、组合化、系列化、模块化、通用化等基本形式。     

BS-ISO Helical Gear Fatigue Life Estimation and Wear Quantitative Feature Analysis

Abstract:  Lack of representative theoretical models for gear wear causes difficulties in their useful lifetime prediction. Critical operating parameters, such as loading and lubrication, affect the wear process in a very complex manner and lead the theoretical modelling to an imperfect zone of assumptions. Complexities in gear wear mathematical modelling allow the researchers to use approximations for useful lifetime calculations. On the basis of modelling approximations and assumptions, organizations, such as American Gear Manufacturers' Association (AGMA) and British Standards (BS), provide gear useful lifetime formulations. In these formulations, the useful lifetime values are estimated by means of experimentation that is controlled with known gear operating conditions and physical dimensions. However, for useful lifetime estimation and validation, these standards have not considered any experimental approach that represents the actual gear wear. In this paper, an effort is made to validate the competency of standard's gear useful lifetime formulation. For this purpose, an approach that is able to provide an idea about actual gear wear is used. During the effort, BS-ISO 6336-2 standard formulation is used for helical gear useful lifetime estimation under linear pitting fatigue conditions. The used formulation is validated by using wear quantitative feature analysis that is able to provide actual gear wear quantitative trends. The obtained wear quantitative trends fairly validate the lifetime estimation of BS-ISO 6336-2 standard.     

和田玉标准体系的建立

本文中和田玉标准体系分别从和田玉的鉴定、分类、分级及工艺质量四方面进行展开,全面综合归纳了和田玉相关标准,有效鉴别及评价和田玉,有利于和田玉市场健康、有宁发展;同时,和田玉标准体系的建立可以更好地保护经销商和消费者的合法权益,保护和田玉的声誉,提高和田玉产品质量,进一步推动和田玉产业在国内市场的繁荣发展。     

Optimization of the National Standards Base: A Discussion

The problem is considered of optimizing the standards base of Russia. The interrelationship of the standards is considered. Factors which are external to the system of standards are taken into account.     

一次性使用医用手套标准解读

一次性医用手套是能够防止人们交叉感染的常用防护用品。随着新冠肺炎疫情在全球范围的迅速蔓延,疫情防控一线以及广大普通民众对一次性医用手套的需求与日俱增,其标准也受到广泛关注。本文对中国国家标准涉及一次性使用医用手套的4项产品标准进行了解读,并分析它们与国外同种产品标准间的对应关系以及重点指标的差异。     

我国实施标准化战略的现状、问题和建议——标准化市场化成为我国实施标准化战略的关键

本文在经济全球化的背景下对我国市场上国内外企业的标准竞争进行分析,对我国各级政府开展的标准化战略进行综述和实施效果评价,分析其中的问题并提出建议。作者认为我国实施标准化战略的效果实际上是各个层面的政府分别策划的标准化战略所形成的综合结果。从上世纪末开始到现在,我国的标准化战略实践取得了很大成绩。但是,目前我国的推荐性标准体系完全由政府管理已经成为制约产业发展的障碍,在有些情况下会让我国标准化战略的效果大打折扣。我国标准化的市场化改革,开放民间团体制定产业标准已经成为我国实施标准化战略的关键。