硝铵中和溶液pH值测量及调节改造

硝铵中和溶液ｐＨ值测量及调节改造田桂芹（黑龙江化工厂化肥厂）我厂硝铵中和溶液ｐＨ值测量原设计采用玻璃电极，由于溶液温度高、一般玻璃电极不耐高温，曾改造过一次，采用铂一拍电极测量ｐＨ值（即用两支铂金电极，一支做测量电极，一支做参比电极）。运行一年后，发...     

中和胺pH值调节能力的分析比较

为了防止锅炉腐蚀,pH值的调节至关重要。就影响锅炉水系统中和胺pH值的调节能力的因素进行分析。研究结果表明,氨、环己胺、吗啉和二乙基氨基乙醇等常用pH值调节剂的pH值调节能力受分配系数、相对分子质量和对纯水的pH值调节能力等因素的影响。在选择中和胺pH值调节剂时应综合考虑各影响因素,同时还要考虑现场工况,即锅炉的压力和冷凝过程。     

两级反渗透系统加碱调节pH值的分析

本文根据水中碳酸平衡原理分析了反渗透系统产水pH值的变化,得出pH值下降量等于系统对HCO3^-透过率的负对数的结果,并导出了在两级反渗透系统中加碱调节pH值至8.3加碱量的计算公式,可供系统设计和调试参考。     

KMM调节器在氨厂变换炉敏点温度串级比值控制中的应用

分析了氮厂变换炉的工作原理，介绍了KMM可编程调节器的特点．对二者构成的串级比值控制系统进行了设计与分析。并给出了采用KMM可编程调节器实现变换炉敏点温度控制的组态图和主要控制数据表。     

酒精氧化器温度的自控系统设计

根据工艺过程的特点，选用ＫＭＭ型可编程序调节器设计的温度流量串级调节系统，满足了酒精氧化成乙醛过程中、对氧化温度定值自控的较高要求。     

电石渣中和污水过程pH值控制的改进

对电石渣中和污水过程进行改进,污水由走明沟改为走污水管,ＰＨ值控制点设于污水管出口处。设置质反应桶并配压缩空气搅拌,完善自控系统,选取较为合适的分段控制参数。改造效果显著,处理后污水ＰＨ值合格率由３％提高到７０％以上。     

采用DCS控制系统实现串级调节

阐述了串级控制在DCS中的应用,并以加热炉温度与流量串级控制为例叙述了串级控制的实现,并从信号传输的角度描述了串级控制系统从DCS到现场的调节过程。     

粘胶纤维厂废水的中和除锌pH值控制

对粘胶纤维厂废水采用中和法除锌时，废水pH值的控制至关重要，废水pH值直接关系到锌的去除效果。介绍和推荐了粘胶纤维生产以及含黑液的粘胶纤维生产混合废水除锌时的pH值控制。     

硝铵中和器pH值自动调节系统的改进

我厂对硝铵中和器pH值的自动调节系统进行了改革,使整个自调装置,具有系统简单,稳定性好,可靠性强,(投入运转一年来,自调率达98％以上),维护量少(一星期左右校一次,3～4月换一次电极),调节品质优良(在10％NH_3流     

氨肥厂合成塔温度的串级调节

在氮肥厂生产氨的过程中,引用串级控制方式来对合成塔触煤层的热点温度进行稳定控制,以提高生产质量。     

pH值对硝酸铵水溶液临界爆炸温度的影响

研究了氯离子含量一定时pH值对硝酸铵水溶液临界爆温的影响。结果表明,氯离子质量分数为1．0×10^-4时,pH值越小,硝酸铵水溶液的临界爆温越低,且pH值与临界爆温值呈线性关系。本研究结果对硝酸铵的安全生产有重要的参考价值。     

自复叠制冷系统压力和组分调节

热气旁通调节可有效排除高压对自复叠制冷系统的危害,但对混合工质的组分没有调节作用。针对三级自复叠制冷系统冷凝压力和排气温度较高的特点,提出了带两路旁通的4种压力和组分调控方式。热气旁通调节时冷凝压力周期性波动变化较大,电磁阀开启较频繁,系统开机70 min后才能达到稳定状态。二级相分离器气相出口旁通调节时冷量损失较严重,低温工质的冷量通过旁通管路排放到膨胀容器。一级相分离器气相出口调节和两个相分离器气相出口同时调节时制冷系统的性能很接近,系统开机30 min后即可达到稳定运行状态。通过对压缩机和蒸发器运行工况检测,一级相分离器气相出口调节和两个相分离器气相出口同时调节为较好的自动复叠制冷系统压力和组分调控方式。     

水厂滤池自动反冲洗控制的优化研究

滤池自动反冲洗控制系统是水厂生产管理的重要环节,关系到出厂水水质和节能降耗.目前,国内大部分水厂的滤池自动反冲洗控制主要通过滤池工作的时间周期来启动反冲洗指令.根据沙口水厂的具体情况和要求,研究出一种新的滤池自动反冲洗控制模式,并对新系统的节能降耗效果进行分析,实践证明该系统对滤池的工况监测、滤后水水质监控以及反冲洗节...     

Using a real coded PSO algorithm in the design of a multi-component countercurrent cascade

Parameter optimization of a multi-objective cascade in the multi-component mixture like maximizing of separation work relative to the number of centrifuges has too economical advantages in the centrifuge-based separation. In this paper, a cascade simulator program (CASIM) is developed to design an optimum cascade. Through CASIM, a realistic function for separation factors, α_i, in relation to θ, cut, and feed flow rate is achieved. A real coded particle swarm optimization (RCPSO) program is implemented and developed in the CASIM to design an optimum cascade. It has been shown that the application of RCPSO to this problem guarantees finding the optimum solution. It is found that all the objective functions are achieved.     

粉末喷涂生产线的PLC+PC控制技术

介绍了PLC+PC智能化控制粉末喷涂技术的基本原理,分析了该技术的主要特点及指标.其工艺流程包括脱脂、表调、磷化,烘干、喷涂和固化.讲解了具体的控制方式及技术实现的必要条件(如可编程逻辑控制器的选择及软件编程).     

Computational Investigation of the pH Dependence of Stability of Melanosome Proteins: Implication for Melanosome formation and Disease

Intravesicular pH plays a crucial role in melanosome maturation and function. Melanosomal pH changes during maturation from very acidic in the early stages to neutral in late stages. Neutral pH is critical for providing optimal conditions for the rate-limiting, pH-sensitive melanin-synthesizing enzyme tyrosinase (TYR). This dramatic change in pH is thought to result from the activity of several proteins that control melanosomal pH. Here, we computationally investigated the pH-dependent stability of several melanosomal membrane proteins and compared them to the pH dependence of the stability of TYR. We confirmed that the pH optimum of TYR is neutral, and we also found that proteins that are negative regulators of melanosomal pH are predicted to function optimally at neutral pH. In contrast, positive pH regulators were predicted to have an acidic pH optimum. We propose a competitive mechanism among positive and negative regulators that results in pH equilibrium. Our findings are consistent with previous work that demonstrated a correlation between the pH optima of stability and activity, and they are consistent with the expected activity of positive and negative regulators of melanosomal pH. Furthermore, our data suggest that disease-causing variants impact the pH dependence of melanosomal proteins; this is particularly prominent for the OCA2 protein. In conclusion, melanosomal pH appears to affect the activity of multiple melanosomal proteins.     

交流伺服系统及PLC在浮法线冷端加速辊道上的应用

介绍TAC伺服系统在浮法玻璃生产线加速分离辊道改造中的应用,其电气控制系统采用TPLC可编程控制器,给出了系统工作原理流程罔,该系统投入运行后取得了较好的预期效果。     

多反应器级联的沉铁过程pH优化控制

针对沉铁过程多反应器级联、离子浓度检测滞后及工况变化频繁导致pH优化控制困难的问题,提出了一种基于多反应器级联的沉铁过程pH优化控制方法。该方法基于入口工况划分与氧气变化量预设定各个级联反应器的pH,并针对影响焙砂添加量的两个主要因素：pH和亚铁离子浓度,建立了基于沉铁过程化学反应机理和物料平衡的焙砂添加量模型;考虑到沉铁过程机理复杂及离子浓度检测滞后影响焙砂的准确添加,引入了氧化还原电位（oxidation-reduction potential,ORP）,并提出一种基于ORP和pH变化量的焙砂模糊修正模型。仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性,为针铁矿法沉铁过程的稳定运行创造了条件。     

Influence of pH on the crystal structure of NiMoO4 nanomaterials and their supercapacitor performances

Three types of NiMoO₄ nanomaterials with different morphologies and crystal structures were synthesized by regulating the pH value of the precursor solutions. The corresponding electrochemical performances were also systematically measured. Very interestingly, with increasing of the pH value, the morphologies of NiMoO₄ nanomaterials changed from nanorods to nanosheets, and eventually became to nanoparticles. The NiO/MoO₃ (NiMo-7) sample, prepared at the pH of 7 in the precursor solution, exhibited highly interconnected porous structure, demonstrating much higher specific surface area and enhanced specific capacitance (1516 F/g) at 1 A/g. The assembled asymmetric supercapacitor NiMo-7//AC also delivered a high energy density of 50.13 Wh/kg at 749.9 W/kg and good cyclic stability with a capacity retention of 76% after 5000 cycles at 10 A/g. These results indicated that the NiMo-7 electrode has a very promising application prospect in electrochemical energy storage.     

气力输送系统可编程控制器的应用

通过工作实践，介绍可编程控制器(PLC)在袋式除尘器中脉冲反吹控制仪的脉冲跟踪和由一套发送装置向多个料仓输送物料时的逻辑选仓两方面的应用。实践证明，只要合理地应用PLC，就能使其有效地满足输送工艺要求。