酸性面团对普通面包和豆渣面包品质的影响

利用活性酸奶乳酸菌发酵制作酸性面团，在普通面包与豆渣面包中分别加入30％～40％(以面粉计)的这种酸性面团后，面包体积、口感、风味、保鲜期和营养品质得到了明显改善。     

豆渣对面团特性及馒头品质的影响

利用粉质仪、拉伸仪、快速黏度仪、物性测试仪研究了豆渣对面团特性及馒头品质的影响。结果表明,随着豆渣添加量的增加,面团吸水率和粉质指数增大、形成时间和稳定时间延长、弱化度减小;面团的最低黏度、衰减值、最终黏度、回生值和峰值时间不断减少,糊化温度先升后降,峰值黏度先降后升,在7.5%出现峰值。随着发酵程度的增大,各面团中淀粉的峰值黏度、最低黏度、最终黏度、回升值、糊化温度都增大,衰减值减小。添加7.5%豆渣可使相同发酵程度下淀粉的峰值黏度、最低黏度、衰减值、最终黏度、回生值、糊化温度都有所降低。添加豆渣后,馒头比容变小,含水量呈增大趋势;馒头硬度、感官评分随着豆渣添加量的增加先降低后增加,在添加量为7.5%时出现峰值。添加豆渣可延长馒头货架期。     

羧甲基纤维素钠对面团特性及面包品质的影响

研究了添加羧甲基纤维素钠对面团特性、面包烘焙特性及面包货架期的影响.结果表明,添加CMC-Na能使面团的吸水率增加,面团的形成时间、稳定时间、断裂时间缩短,评价值降低,面团的拉伸能量、拉伸阻力、拉伸长度也降低;添加适量的CMC-Na可改善面包的焙烤特性,增加面包的体积,提高面包的含水量,改善面包的纹理结构,质地和口味等,延长面包的货架期;在本实验条件下,CMC-Na的添加量不宜超过6‰.     

木糖醇对面团特性及面包品质影响的研究

本试验就木糖醇对面团特性及面包品质影响进行了研究.结果表明,木糖醇可降低面团的吸水率,延长面团的形成时间、稳定时间;适量添加可增加面团的拉伸能量、延伸度和拉伸阻力;添加木糖醇可显著减少小麦粉的峰值黏度、最低黏度、衰减值、最终黏度、回生值和峰值时间,有效降低淀粉老化速度;添加适量木糖醇可有效保持面包体积,降低面包的硬度,增加面包的含水量,改善面包的焙烤特性,延长其货架期.综合分析,在本试验条件下,木糖醇的添加量不宜超过16％.     

海藻酸钠对面团特性及面包品质的影响

考察了海藻酸钠添加量对混合粉粉质特性、拉伸特性、糊化特性,以及对面包比容、含水量、硬度、弹性、感官品质的影响。结果表明,添加海藻酸钠可有效改善小麦粉面团的粉质特性、拉伸特性及糊化特性,提高面包的含水量,适量添加可有效提高面包比容、面包弹性及面包感官品质,降低面包硬度。综合分析添加海藻酸钠对混合粉粉质、拉伸和糊化特性以及对面包焙烤品质的影响,确定海藻酸钠最佳添加量为0.6%,为其在焙烤食品中的应用提供了理论依据。     

糖醇对面团特性及面包品质的影响研究进展

主要综述了在面团中加入糖醇,对于面团特性、面包品质的影响,旨在为推广糖醇在面包中的应用提供理论和实践依据。     

CO2爆破挤压膨化豆渣对面团品质的影响

研究添加超微粉碎的CO2爆破挤压膨化豆渣（blasting extrusion-jet-milling okara,BE-JMO）对面团品质的影响。结果表明：随着BE-JMO添加量的增加,面粉吸水量和面团形成时间增加,面团的拉伸能量、拉伸性和tanδ均减小,其稳定时间和拉伸阻力呈先增加后减小的趋势,而弱化度在减小后逐步增加;面团的发酵体积随BE-JMO添加量的增大而减小,添加BE-JMO的面团在发酵40 min后体积趋于稳定;随BE-JMO添加量的增加,面团发酵的膨胀体积减小。结果发现BE-JMO的添加量不宜超过7 g/100 g小麦粉,但添加CO2爆破挤压膨化豆渣的面团品质优于添加等量普通豆渣的面团。     

紫苏叶超微粉对面团特性及面包品质的影响

将紫苏叶超微粉加入到面团中,测定面团的粉质特性、拉伸特性以及发酵特性;用添加紫苏叶超微粉的面团制作面包,并对其比容、保水性、老化度及面包感官品质进行分析。结果表明:当紫苏叶超微粉添加量小于6%时,面团的粉质特性和拉伸特性变化不明显,发酵体积增大,获得的面包保水性高、老化度低、比体积大,且感官品质较好;当紫苏叶超微粉添加量为6%~8%时,面团的粉质特性、拉伸特性及发酵特性均呈现下降趋势。     

膨化麦麸对面团特性及馒头品质的影响

研究了膨化麦麸不同添加量对面团特性、馒头质量及其货架期的影响。结果表明:麦麸经挤压膨化后,脂肪含量略有下降,淀粉、不溶性膳食纤维含量明显下降,可溶性膳食纤维含量显著提高,粗蛋白含量几乎没有发生变化,可溶性成分增多,麦麸的营养组分发生变化;添加适量的膨化麦麸,可改善面团的特性及馒头的品质,增加馒头的体积,提高馒头的含水量,改善馒头的质地,延长馒头的货架期,在本试验条件下膨化麦麸添加量不宜超过8%。     

豆渣粉对面团特性及面团微观结构的影响

为了探索豆渣粉对小麦面团特性及面团微观结构的影响,每100g面粉中分别添加0、5、10、15、20g微粉后的豆渣粉。采用拉伸仪法和粉质仪法及扫描电镜技术(SEM)研究面团特性及面团微观结构的变化。结果表明,随着豆渣粉含量的增加,面团的吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间均呈增加趋势;面团的延伸性、拉伸能量、湿面筋含量降低,拉伸比增加;面筋的网络结构连续性变差,网络发生断裂。因此,豆渣粉的添加,破坏了面筋的网络结构。     

Soybean Flour Lipoxygenase lsozyme Mutant Effects on Bread Dough Volatiles

Lipoxygenases are implicated in improvement of bread quality after addition of enzyme active soy flour. However, differences among the three major isozymes in soybeans in terms of impact on bread characteristics are not known. Differences exist among soybean lipoxygenase isozymes in terms of stability and generation of volatile flavor and aroma. Soybean flour with different lipoxygenase isozymes present might affect bread dough volatiles or defatting may affect activity of the isozymes. Full fat or defatted soy flour could be added to bread dough. Defatting selectively reduced lipoxygenase 2 activity with little effect on lipoxygenases 1 and 3. Addition of full fat soy flour from mutant isolines indicated that as with soybean homogenates, lipoxygenase 2 is mostly responsible for undesirable aroma compounds. Much higher levels of volatile alcohols were found in soy flour amended bread dough than in soy flour homogenates alone.     

大豆粉末磷脂对面团流变学特性和馒头品质的影响研究

将大豆粉末磷脂添加到小麦粉中,研究其对小麦粉面团流变学特性和馒头品质的影响.结果表明,在小麦粉中添加大豆粉末磷脂,可以明显地改善面团的稳定时间以及拉伸曲线面积和拉伸阻力,还可以提高馒头的品质,增加馒头的抗老化效果;当在小麦粉中添加0.8%的大豆粉末磷脂时,其对馒头品质有较好的改善作用.     

挤压膨化玉米粉对小麦粉面团特性及馒头质构特性的影响

对比研究不同添加量的挤压膨化玉米粉和玉米粉对小麦面团粉质特性、糊化特性以及对馒头质构特性的影响.结果表明:挤压膨化玉米粉添加量增加到25％时,面团吸水率升高6.72％、稳定时间下降82.64％、蛋白质弱化度升高60.78％、形成时间下降88.37％、峰值黏度降低55.60％、低谷黏度降低60.91％、最终黏度降低58....     

甘薯生全粉对面团特性及馒头品质的影响

该实验以甘薯-小麦混粉为原料,探究甘薯生全粉添加量对混粉特性、混粉面团特性以及甘薯生全粉馒头综合品质影响的研究。结果表明,甘薯生全粉中主要成分为淀粉,含量约为64.60%;随着混粉中甘薯生全粉含量的增加,混粉的持水性从1.16 g/g增加至1.70 g/g,持油性呈先增大后减小的变化趋势。随着甘薯生全粉添加量增大,混粉粉质特性变差,面团加工品质降低;随着混粉面团中甘薯生全粉含量的增加,面团的TO、TP、TC、硬度逐渐增大,弹性逐渐减小;甘薯生全粉添加量在20%以内时,甘薯馒头感官评分大于70,馒头的质构、比容和白度仍在可接受范围内。综上所述,当甘薯生全粉添加量小于10%时,混合面团的加工特性和馒头品质较优;当甘薯生全粉添加量小于20wt%时,混合面团的加工特性和馒头品质在可接受范围内。     

挤压糙米粉对糙米面团及面包品质的影响

将糙米粉（生粉）与挤压糙米粉（熟粉）分别按照生熟比10 ∶ 0,9 ∶ 1,8 ∶ 2,7 ∶ 3,6 ∶ 4比例混合制备成混合粉,然后将糙米混合粉与谷朊粉按照8 ∶ 2的比例混合制备糙米面团及面包。研究挤压糙米粉添加量对糙米面团及面包品质的影响。结果表明：随着挤压糙米粉添加量的增加,糙米面团网络结构越疏松,孔隙越大,黏弹性均比未添加挤压糙米粉的面团低,糙米面包比容先减小后增大。添加挤压糙米粉后,糙米面包的硬度降低,感官评分值升高。放置1～4 d,糙米面包的硬度增加值随着挤压糙米粉添加量的增加而降低,面包弹性均比未添加挤压糙米粉面包的高。挤压糙米粉的添加有利于面包延缓老化,提升品质,当生熟比为6 ∶ 4时,面包品质最好。     

脱脂大豆粉对小麦粉及馒头品质影响研究

将脱脂大豆粉添加到小麦粉中,研究其对小麦粉理化特性和馒头制作品质的影响。研究结果表明,在小麦粉中添加低于2%的脱脂大豆粉时,可以明显地改善小麦粉的品质,具体体现在可以增加面粉的白度,增加面团的吸水量、稳定时间以及拉伸曲线面积和拉伸比数,还可以改善馒头的品质;当在小麦粉中添加高于2%的脱脂大豆粉时,其对面粉的品质具有不好的影响,具体体现在降低小麦粉的白度以及面团的筋力,对馒头的品质也具有不良的影响,表现为馒头体积变小,颜色发暗。     

阿拉伯木聚糖强化对面团特性和面包烘焙品质的影响

研究阿拉伯木聚糖的添加量对复合面包粉（小麦淀粉-谷朊粉）的加工特性和面包烘焙特性的影响。结果表明：添加阿拉伯木聚糖后,面团体系黏弹性增加,蠕变-恢复性能增加,当阿拉伯木聚糖添加量大于10%时,面团流变性能变差;扫描电子显微镜显示,阿拉伯木聚糖添加量小于15%时,可以促使面团体系内淀粉颗粒聚集,当阿拉伯木聚糖大于15%时,淀粉聚集状态更加紧密,面筋的连续性遭到破坏;质构结果表明：随着阿拉伯木聚糖添加量的增加,面团黏性显著增加（p<0.05）,但当阿拉伯木聚糖添加量大于10%时,面团硬度、咀嚼性和弹性降低;此外,当阿拉伯木聚糖添加量为10%时,面包整体可接受度显著提高（p<0.05）。综上,在复合面包粉中添加10%的阿拉伯木聚糖,可以最大限度地增加面包中阿拉伯木聚糖的含量,同时又可以制得品质良好的面包。     

Changes on Dough Rheological Characteristics and Bread Quality as a Result of the Addition of Germinated and Non-Germinated Soybean Flour

The increasing interest in functional and healthy food products has promoted the use of germinated soybean flour in the manufacture of foods for human consumption. Considering the beneficial effects of soy and its germination, farinograph and extensograph were used to study the effect of adding defatted flour of germinated (32 °C, 72 h) or non-germinated soybean—at different dry protein ratios (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5%)—to wheat flour on: water absorption (WA), maximum consistency time (MCT), dough stability (S), maximum resistance to extension (R _max), and dough extensibility (L). Baking tests (straight-dough procedure) were also performed to evaluate the effect of this addition on bread characteristics: loaf volume, texture (firmness, compression force, resilience), color (L*, a*, b*), crumb–grain structure (cell density, mean cell area, shape factor), and consumer acceptance (sensory analysis). Addition of both kinds of soybean flours increased the values of farinographic parameters (WA, MCT, S), although they did not have significant effects (p > 0.05) on extensographic properties (R _max, L). Loaf volume and crumb color were improved as soy flour addition was increased, whereas crust color was not affected (p > 0.05). Texture analysis showed that the addition of soy flour produced breads similar or better than the control, whereas the addition of GSF produced a coarser crumb grain. No detectable differences were found among samples during the sensorial analysis. Germinated soybean flour was better to improve dough breadmaking properties.     

Effect of Extruded Wheat Germ on Dough Rheology and Bread Quality

Wheat germ, a by-product of the milling industry, has interesting nutritional properties. However, it has limited use due to a high risk of rancidity, which could be reduced by using certain thermal treatments such as extrusion. The aim of this study was to investigate how wheat germ extrusion affects the changes induced by its addition to bread dough. For this purpose, different quantities of extruded or raw wheat germ (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 20?g/100?g flour) were added to bread dough. Rheological characteristics of the dough and final quality characteristics of the bread were analysed from both the physical and the sensory points of view. Wheat germ addition increased water absorption and development time but decreased stability after over-kneading, dough tenacity, extensibility, and dough alveographic strength. The addition of extruded wheat dough improved stability and decreased extensibility and strength. Bread made from dough with added wheat germ presented decreased volume, cohesiveness, and elasticity and increased firmness. However, extrusion increased the volume of breads with added wheat germ and improver and decreased firmness. All breads obtained positive acceptability scores in sensory analysis, although wheat germ addition (10?g/100?g flour) slightly decreased texture, appearance, and overall acceptability scores of breads. Germ extrusion therefore improves dough rheology and bread quality and constitutes a suitable treatment to stabilise wheat germ in bread dough.     

甘薯渣粉对小麦粉面团物化特性及面包品质的影响

为了研究甘薯渣粉对小麦粉加工特性的影响,分析添加不同比例(0~15%)的甘薯渣粉对小麦粉的粉质特性、面团延伸特性、面包质构的影响,同时还比较了甘薯渣粉和小麦粉的基本成分。结果表明,甘薯渣粉膳食纤维含量是小麦粉的6倍多。含不同比例甘薯渣粉的混合粉在吸水量、形成时间、稳定时间方面存在显著差异(p<0.05),面团拉伸距离、拉伸面积差异不显著(p>0.05),拉伸最大力存在显著差异(p<0.05)。在面包品质方面,添加甘薯渣粉造成面包硬度增加,当添加量为0~9%时,硬度差异不显著(p>0.05),当大于9%时差异显著(p<0.05)。面包的亮度、pH则随着甘薯渣粉比例的增加呈降低的趋势。感官分析结果显示甘薯渣粉替代比例为0~9%时面包感官评分较高。