Hydrothermal synthesis, characterization, photocatalytic activity and dye-sensitized solar cell performance of mesoporous anatase TiO2 nanopowders

Mesoporous anatase TiO₂ nanopowder was synthesized by hydrothermal method at 130 °C for 12 h. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), HRTEM, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area. The as-synthesized sample with narrow pore size distribution had average pore diameter about 3-4 nm. The specific BET surface area of the as-synthesized sample was about 193 m²/g. Mesoporous anatase TiO₂ nanopowders (prepared by this study) showed higher photocatalytic activity than the nanorods TiO₂, nanofibers TiO₂ mesoporous TiO₂, and commercial TiO₂ nanoparticles (P-25, JRC-01, and JRC-03). The solar energy conversion efficiency (η) of the cell using the mesoporous anatase TiO₂ was about 6.30% with the short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 13.28 mA/cm², the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.702 V and the fill factor (ff) of 0.676; while η of the cell using P-25 reached 5.82% with Jsc of 12.74 mA/cm², Voc of 0.704 V and ff of 0.649.     

Nanoporous Ti-metal film deposition using radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique for photovoltaic application

Nanoporous Ti-metal film electrode was fabricated by radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering technique on nanoporous TiO2 layer prepared by sol-gel combustion method and investigated with respect to its photo-anode properties of TCO-less DSCs. The porous Ti layer (approximately 1 microm) with low sheet resistance (approximately 17 Omega/sq.) can collect electrons from the TiO2 layer and allows the ionic diffusion of I(-)/I(3-) through the hole. The porous Ti layer with highly ordered columnar structure prepared by 8 mTorr sputtering shows the good impedance characteristics. The efficiency of prepared TCO-less DSCs sample is about 4.83% (ff: 0.6, Voc: 0.65 V, Jsc: 11.2 mA/cm2).     

Preparation and characterization of high surface area nanosheet titania with mesoporous structure

High surface area nanosheet TiO₂ with mesoporous structure were synthesized by hydrothermal method at 130 °C for 12 h. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, SAED, and BET surface area. The nanosheet structure was slightly curved and approximately 50–100 nm in width and several nanometers in thickness. The as-synthesized nanosheet TiO₂ had an average pore diameter about 3–4 nm. The BET surface area and pore volume of the sample are about 642 m²/g and 0.774 cm³/g, respectively.     

染料敏化太阳能电池中CuO/TiO2薄膜制备及应用

采用普通直流电沉积和超声直流电沉积制备Cu∕TiO2纳米管阵列∕Ti基复合薄膜,而后在NaOH溶液中用电氧化的方法将Cu单质氧化成CuO,制备了CuO∕TiO2纳米管阵列∕Ti基复合薄膜。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对两种复合薄膜电极的形貌和结构进行了表征,详细考察了电镀工艺参数(电流密度)和超声波对复合薄膜形貌的影响。同时通过稳态光电响应技术对复合薄膜电极组成的染料敏华太阳能电池(DSSC)的光电性能进行了研究,结果表明:通过普通直流电沉积在工艺参数(3mA/cm2、5min)处制备的复合薄膜组装的DSSC具有该体系下的最佳光电性能(Jsc=9.00mA/cm2、Voc=0.664V、FF=0.512、η=3.06%);在同等条件下通过超声辅助直流电沉积制备的复合薄膜组装的DSSC的最佳光电性能(Jsc=15.50mA/cm2、Voc=0.688V、FF=0.505、η=5.39%)出现在工艺参数为(6mA/cm2、5min)处。对比可知超声条件下的光电性能较好,且最佳光电性能工艺参数发生了后移。     

Wet chemical synthesis and self-assembly of SnS2 nanoparticles on TiO2 for quantum dot-sensitized solar cells

SnS2 nanoparticles were synthesized through a simple wet chemical process at room temperature. The SnS2 nanoparticles were approximately spherical in shape and had diameter about 3-4 nm. SnS2-sensitized TiO2 electrodes were fabricated by the immersion of chemically modified TiO2 to well-dispersed SnS2 solution for 72 h (i.e., self-assembly method.) SnS2-sensitized TiO2 electrodes were applied in quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs). Under AM1.5 irradiation with 100 mW/cm2 light intensity (at 1 sun), the short-circuit current density (J(sc)), the open-circuit voltage (V(oc)), the fill factor (FF), and the energy conversion efficiency (eta) were 0.47 mA/cm2, 0.29 V, 0.58 and 0.081%, respectively.     

Synthesis of TiO2 supported on SBA-15 using chelating method and their photocatalytic decomposition of methylene blue

SBA-15 mesoporous materials were successfully prepared by the conventional hydrothermal method and used as the support for TiO2 loaded SBA-15 photocatalysts. The synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, PL, FT-IR, BET and TEM. We also examined the activity of these materials as photocatalysts for the decomposition of methylene blue. The loading of titanium dioxide on the framework of SBA-15 makes the pore diameter and the pore volume decrease and decreases the surface area compared to that of SBA-15. For the TiO2 loaded SBA-15 photocatalysts, the IR absorption at approximately 960 cm(-1) is commonly accepted as the characteristic vibration of the Ti-O-Si bond. The PL peaks appears at about 410 nm at a loading ratio of less than 5% but moves to 430 nm at higher loading ratios. It was also shown that the excitonic PL signal is proportional to the photocatalytic activity for the decomposition of methylene blue. The photocatalytic activity increases with increasing TiO2 loading ratio, shows a maximum value at 7% TiO2/SBA-15, and then decreases at 10% TiO2/SBA-15.     

Fe-F/TiO_2复合微球的制备与光降解部分水解聚丙烯酰胺机制

以Span-80为调控剂,钛酸四丁酯(TBOT)为钛源,采用低温水解-回流法制备了Fe-F共掺杂TiO_2介孔复合微球(Fe-F/TiO_2)。通过XRD、SEM、FTIR、TG-DTA、BJH和UV-vis DRS测试方法对样品进行了结构性能表征;以部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)为目标降解物,研究了Fe-F/TiO_2复合催化剂的光催化性能。结果表明,制得的Fe-F/TiO_2是由直径为10~15nm的纳米粒子堆砌而成的锐钛矿型介孔微球,其中Fe3+可以有效促进锐钛矿而抑制金红石相的生成,使其具有较高的热稳定性;比表面积、孔容积及平均孔径分别是145.11 m2/g、0.26cm3/g和6.23nm。在光降解HPAM的过程中,Fe3+和F-的协同效应可以提升材料的光催化性能,使FeF/TiO_2具有最高的催化活性。在紫外光及可见光条件下,0.1g的Fe-F/TiO_2降解100mL浓度为500mg/L的HPAM溶液120min,其COD去除率分别为81%和74%。     

合成条件对晶态介孔TiO2结构和性能的影响

采用sol-gel法合成了锐钛矿相介孔氧化钛，利用XRD、BET、TEM和PL对介孔TiO2的结构和光致发光性能进行了表征及分析。结果表明，采用预制TiO2溶胶为钛源，所得介孔氧化钛具有良好的锐钛矿晶型、较大的孔径和比表面积，具有高的光致发光活性。     

TiO2 paste formulation for crack-free mesoporous nanocrystalline film of dye-sensitized solar cells

Using a doctor-blade method, a highly viscous titanium dioxide (TiO2) paste was deposited on a glass substrate coated with fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO). The paste was mainly composed of commercially available TiO2 nanoparticles (P25) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) as organic filler. Varying the content of HPC in the TiO2 paste changed the physical properties of the mesoporous TiO2 layer, particularly its porosity and surface area. From the quantification of dyes on Ti2, layer and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) study of the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), the surface area of the TiO2 film was found to have decreased. This came with the increase of HPC content while the porosity of the film increased, consistent with the concurrent decrease of short-circuit current density (Jsc) and efficiency (eta). The increased porosity greatly affected the electron transport through the TiO2 film by decreasing the coordination number of the TiO2 particles resulting to a decrease of the electron diffusion coefficient.     

Structural and optical characterization of electrodeposited CdSe in mesoporous anatase TiO(2) for regenerative quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells

We investigated CdSe-sensitized TiO(2) solar cells by means of electrodeposition under galvanostatic control. The electrodeposition of CdSe within the mesoporous film of TiO(2) gives rise to a uniform, thickness controlled, conformal layer of nanostructured CdSe particles intimately wrapping the anatase TiO(2) nanoparticles. This technique has the advantage of providing not only a fast method for sensitization (?相似文献   

溶胶／凝胶法制备纳米TiO2／Al2O3

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2／Al2O3，考察了陈化温度及络舍比对TiO2／Al2O3比表面积及孔结构参数的影响。结果表明，TiO2／Al2O3平均粒径〈70nm，比表面积超过210m^2／g，平均孔径0．8-1．4nm。适当降低陈化温度及加络合剂有利于TiO2／Al2O3粒子的分散。Al2O3的存在提高了TiO2／Al2O3的热稳定性。     

Synthesis of highly-active single-crystalline TiO2 nanorods and its application in environmental photocatalysis

Highly-active anatase TiO₂ nanorods have been successfully synthesized via a simple two-step method, hydrothermal treatment of anatase/rutile titanium dioxide nanoparticle powder in a composite-hydroxide eutectic system of 1:1 M KOH/NaOH, followed by acid post-treatment. The morphology and crystalline structure of the obtained nanorods were characterized using XRD, TEM, SEM/EDX and BET surface area analyzer. The obtained TiO₂ nanorods have a good crystallinity and a size distribution (about 4-16 nm); with the dimensions of 200-300 nm length and of 30-50 nm diameter. Compared with its precursor anatase/rutile TiO₂ nanoparticles and the titanate nanotubes, the pure anatase TiO₂ nanorods have a large specific surface area with a mesoporous structure. The photocatalytic performance of the prepared nanorods was tested in the degradation of the commercial Cibacrown Red (FN-R) textile dye, under UV irradiation. Single-crystalline anatase TiO₂ nanorods are more efficient for the dye removal.     

常压干燥法制备TiO2气凝胶

以钛酸丁酯为原料, 乙酸为有机配体, 甲酰胺为干燥控制化学添加剂(DCCA), 采用溶胶-凝胶法和溶剂置换等后续工艺, 实现了块状TiO₂气凝胶催化剂的常压干燥法制备, 并考察了有机配体对气凝胶结构性能的影响。采用XRD、BET、SEM、EDS及DSC-TG对样品进行表征。结果表明: 当有机配体与钛酸丁酯物质的量之比为0.9时, 制备的样品性能最佳, 该TiO₂气凝胶样品为非晶态, 表观密度为0.25 g·cm^-3, 比表面积716.5 m²·g^-1, 平均孔径19.1 nm; 在850℃大气气氛下热处理2 h后, 比表面积为122.4 m²·g^-1, 平均孔径23.4 nm, 具有较高光催化活性; 经1000℃热处理后, TiO₂晶型仍为锐钛矿相, 热稳定性较好, 光催化活性有所降低。未采用有机配体制备的TiO₂气凝胶表观密度为0.57 g·cm^-3, 比表面积为482.2 m²·g^-1。有机配体的使用更有利于制备出表观密度较小、比表面积较高的TiO₂气凝胶。     

Sputtered highly ordered TiO2 nanorod arrays and their applications as the electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells

For the first time, the TiO2 nanorod arrays have been prepared on ITO substrates at room temperature by dc reactive magnetron sputtering technique. These TiO2 nanorods have a preferred orientation along the (220) direction and are perpendicular to the ITO substrate. Both the X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering measurements show that the highly ordered TiO2 nanorod arrays have an anatase crystal structure. The diameter of the nanorod varies from 30 nm to 100 nm and the nanorod length can be varied from several hundred nanometers to several micrometers depending on the deposition time. The TiO2 nanorod arrays with about 3 micrometers length have been used as an electrode for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Short-circuit photocurrent density, open-circuit voltage, fill factor and light-to-electricity conversion efficiency at 100 mW/cm2 light intensity are estimated to be 12.76 mA/cm2, 0.65 V, 0.63 and 5.25%, respectively, for the DSSC made of the TiO2 nanorods.     

四氯化钛水解法制备二氧化钛纳米晶的影响因素

研究了四氯化钛水解法制备的二氧化钛纳米晶工艺中水解８温度和硫酸根离子对粉体性能的影响室温下的水解产物为无定形结构,这种粉体有着很大的比表面积,其孔为介孔尺度;添加少量的硫酸根离子使粉体的孔径在２～５ｎｍ,最可几孔径为３．８ｎｍ,提高水解温度能得到金红石与锐钛矿相的混晶,同样的水解温度下,添加少量的硫酸根离子则为纯锐钛矿相,用到金红石与锐钛矿相的混晶,同样的水解温度下,添加少量的硫酸根离子则为纯锐钛     

Preparation of nanorod-like anatase TiO2 nanocrystals and their photovoltaic properties

Anatase TiO2 nanocrystals with the high specific surface area were prepared by the hydrothermal treatment of anatase TiO2 sols at the temperature of 150 degrees C and above. When TiO2 sols with a lower content of TiO2 and at a relatively high pH value were hydrothermal treated, the dispersible and nanorod-like TiO2 nanocrystals were formed via the oriented attachment. The nanorod-like TiO2 nanocrystals with an aspect ratio of larger than 5 and a mean diameter of less than 7 nm were obtained in the absence of organic compounds. The as-prepared TiO2 nanocrystals were characterized with X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and BET surface area techniques. The TiO2 nanostructures were deposited on the FTO conductive glass as the anodic electrode for the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and assembled into solar cells. The derived solar cells showed a conversion efficiency of 6.12% under 1 sun illumination of simulated sunlight and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of more than 60% at the wavelength of 550 nm. The DSSCs from the anatase nanorods has a higher open circuit voltage compared to the spherical nanocrystals.     

A composite photocatalyst of cdS nanoparticles deposited on TiO2 nanosheets

A nanocomposite photocatalyst consisting of deposited CdS nanoparticles on TiO2 nanosheets was fabricated by a simple one-pot method. The contact between two phases was maximized by making a composite structure of TiO2 nanosheet decorated with CdS nanoparticles. The composite photocatalyst showed higher photoactivity for hydrogen production from aqueous Na2S/Na2SO3 solution and decomposition of methylene blue under visible light irradiation (lamda > or =420 nm) compared with single component CdS nanoparticles or a physical mixture of CdS nanoparticles and TiO2 nanorods. The intentional formation of nanoscale heterojunctions between two phases appears beneficial for inducing an efficient electron-hole separation.     

基于光催化性能的Cu-Ce/TiO_2湿性能

以Cu(NO_3)_2·3H_2O和Ce(NO_3)_3·6H_2O为改性剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Cu-Ce/TiO_2。探讨Cu-Ce负载量、Cu与Ce摩尔比和煅烧温度对Cu-Ce/TiO_2性能的影响。利用SEM,LPSA,BET和UV-Vis测试Cu-Ce/TiO_2的表面形貌、粒度分布、孔结构和光学性能。结果表明:Cu-Ce负载量3%、Cu与Ce摩尔比1∶1、煅烧温度500℃时,制备的Cu-Ce/TiO_2具有良好的光催化性能与湿性能。Cu-Ce/TiO_2呈近似球体,具有较好的均匀化和分散性,其粒径分布为1202.98~5364.48nm,其中d50为2437.57nm。Cu-Ce/TiO_2具有狭小瓶颈的"墨水瓶"型孔结构,其比表面积为105.55m2/g,孔体积为0.1200~0.1246mL/g,平均孔直径为3.44~4.02nm。Cu-Ce掺杂促使Cu-Ce/TiO_2内部形成新的能级,提高捕获e-和h+的能力,增强光子的利用效率,促使吸收边带发生红移。     

介孔四氧化三锰纳米棒的快速低成本制备与电化学性能

仅以乙醇和四水合醋酸锰为原料, 快速低成本地合成了介孔四氧化三锰纳米棒, 并将其应用于锂离子电池负极材料。通过X 射线衍射、热重分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和比表面积仪等分析手段对四氧化三锰样品进行了表征。实验结果表明: 介孔四氧化三锰纳米棒的平均直径约为150 nm, 孔的尺寸范围为6~20 nm, BET比表面积高达37.3 m²/g。同时, 介孔四氧化三锰纳米棒负极材料在141 mA/g的电流密度下循环100次后可逆充放电容量为676.1和662.4 mAh/g, 而且其在不同的电流密度下继续循环80次后可逆放电容量高达850 mAh/g, 体现出了较高的容量、好的循环稳定性能和倍率性能。     

ZnO/TiO2纳米管晶膜电极的制备及光电性能

采用水热法制备了ZnO纳米棒,以ZnO纳米棒为原料制备出ZnO/TiO2纳米管晶膜电极并应用于染料敏化太阳能电池.用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线能谱仪(EDX)和N2吸脱附分析等研究了样品的结构、表面形貌和化学组成,并通过紫外可见光度计和电化学工作站探讨了煅烧温度在80~600℃范围内ZnO/TiO2纳米管电极的光电化学性能.此外,研究经TiCl4化学处理的ZnO/TiO2纳米管电极光电性能的改善情况.结果表明,600℃煅烧的ZnO/TiO2纳米管电极制备的染料敏化太阳能电池表现出较优的光电性能,其短路电流密度(Jsc)为2.28 mA/cm2,开路电压(Voc)为0.631 V,光电转换效率η为0.66%.600℃煅烧的ZnO/TiO2纳米管经TiCl4处理后的染料敏化太阳能电池的光电性能得到显著改善,其光电转换效率η提高到1.06%.