辽宁－吉林东部地区超镁铁质岩包体的微量元素地球化学特征

发展了预浓集中子活化分析方法，结合仪器中子活化分析对辽宁—吉林东部地区新生代火山岩中尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体的稀土元素（ＲＥＥ）及其他微量元素进行了测定。它们的过渡金属元素中不相容元素Ｔｉ以及适度相容元素Ｖ和Ｓｃ相对于原始地慢（ＰＭ）均具亏损的特征；而相容元素Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ和Ｃｒ含量略高或类似于ＰＭ，反映了它们应为经历了部分熔融后的残余地幔。依据ＲＥＥ特征尖晶石二辉橄榄岩可分为两类：第一类包体的ＲＥＥ含量和ＲＥＥ分配型式与ＰＭ相比呈现明显的亏损，提供了它们是残余地慢岩的又一证据。第二类包体的重稀土元素（ＨＲＥＥ）比前者低，但轻稀土元素（ＬＲＥＥ）比前者明显的高，揭示了它们在地幔源岩经历了部分熔融，使ＲＥＥ发生了亏损之后又遭受了ＬＲＥＥ富集，即地幔交代作用。     

尖晶石－石榴石相转变过程中矿物的微量元素组成与分布特征

利用质子微探针和微束ＰＩＸＥ定量分析技术对山东梭罗树地慢橄榄岩中橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石、尖晶石和石榴石等矿物的微量元素组成与分布进行了研究。结果表明，不相容元素（Ｓｒ、Ｙ、Ｚｒ）主要富集于单斜辉石内，尖晶石则几乎富集质子探针所能检出的所有微量元素，而石榴石中微量元素含量最少。该研究表明，在矿物微区微量元素分布是十分不均匀的，推测可能受地幔交代过程中溶液的渗滤效应以及存在微粒包裹体的共同制约。     

Micro－PIXE analysis of trace element composition and their distribution in minerals of mantle peridotite

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TRACE ELEMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF ULTRAMAFIC INCLUSIONS IN THE EASTERN PART OF LIAONING-JILIN PROVINCES BY NAA

Cenozoic basalts in the eastern part of Liaoning-Jilin contain abundant mantle-derived inclusions. The rock types of the ultramafic inclusions are composed mostly of spinel lherzolite and a few websterites. In order to study the origin of inclusions, the concnetrations of several trace elements have been measured in samples by NAA. According to geochemical characteristics of trace elements, there are two types of spinel Iherzolite inclusions. The first type is refractory residues left after partial melting of the upper mantle and the second type is metasomatizing refractory residues. The websterites inclusions formed by segregation of basaltic melt derived from high degree of melting of mantle source rocks.     

Mantle metasomatism for metaperidotite from Shuanggou ophiolite of Yunnan Province by proton microprobe

This study shows that olivine,serpentine and orthopyroxene are enriched with compatible element Ni;clinopyroxene with Ni and Y;spinel strongly with Ni,Zn,Ga,Ge,As and Zr;chlorite with Ni,Zn,Sr and Zr,However,grossulatrite is poor in all of these trace elements,except Sr.The trace element composition and distribution in the minearls are heterogeneous.The distributions of trace elements in the minerals further demonstrate that they result from mantle metasomatism under open system.     

中子活化分析花岗岩中造岩矿物的稀土和微量元素特征

中子活化分析的主要特点是用量少而精度高,是研究颗粒细小、极难挑选的矿物地球化学特征非常理想的方法。采用该方法测定了江西某地花岗岩中的主要矿物钾长石、斜长石、石英、黑云母以及副矿物锆石、磷灰石等的稀土和微量元素。结果表明,从锆石、磷灰石、黑云母到斜长石、钾长石、石英的8∑REE的含量和微量元素的含量依次降低,这正是花岗岩结晶过程的反映：即先结晶出的矿物微量元素含量高。全岩的Eu异常主要受到黑云母(可能还有钾长石和斜长石)的影响。     

中子活化分析法对洪古勒楞蛇绿岩中变质橄榄岩的地球化学研究

用预富集中子活化分析法测定了新疆洪古勒楞蛇绿岩中的稀土元素(REE)，用仪器中子活化法测定了微量元素。依据测定结果分析了微量的稀土元素和过渡金属元素及不相容元素地球化学特征。认为二辉橄榄岩X-49可能代表原始地幔的化学成分，方辉橄榄岩X-44可能为上地幔部分熔融后残留的地幔物质，纯橄榄岩X-55、X-57可能为镁铁质熔融体在上地幔内以堆晶作用形成的超镁铁质岩类。     

Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence analysis on altered mineral muscovite in gold deposit

Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF) microprobe was used to ananlyse altered mineral muscovite and its surrounding feldspar in Yuerya gold deposit. The major, minor and trace elements of the two minerals were detected and analyzed. SRXRF analysis showed that the Yuerya muscovite had a complex chemical composition. containing K, Fe, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn and many trace or ultra-trace elements. Since muscovite resulted from the alteration of hydrothermal ore fluid acting on feldspar (plagioclase), the difference of chemical composition between the two minerals shows the components of ore fluid, which are characterized by the enrichment of alkaline and alkaline-earth metal elements K, Ca and ore-associated elements Fe, Cu, Zn. And gold. silver and platinum, invisible under microscope, were detected in some areas of muscovite but not found in feldspar. Especially platinum, a mantle material is rarely seen in the earth crust but now found in the gold deposit of magmatic sources; its appearance approves the idea of mantle flux participating in the gold mineralization, which suggests that the tectonic event controlling gold mineralization in the Yuerya district is a mantle phenomenon.     

古钧瓷与现代钧瓷的中子活化分析

采用中子活化分析法(INAA)测定了28个古钧瓷、7个现代钧瓷、2个景德镇瓷样品中所含的36种微量与稀土元素(REE)含量以探讨其起源。它们的REE标准配分模式和微量指纹特征元素分析结果表明，这批时间跨越600多年、釉色迥异、出自众多不同窑口的钧瓷有着长期稳定和基本相同的原料来源；现代钧瓷稀土标准配分模式与古钧瓷相比稍有变化；景德镇瓷釉料的微量元素含量及它们的稀土标准配分模式与钧瓷相比差异明显，它的产地应在江西景德镇一带，与钧瓷产地相距甚远，表明它与所有的钧瓷都无关系。     

石油开发区块浅部地层放射性变化的监测

尝试提出将自然伽马能谱测井仪用于油田勘探开发区环境的辐射监测。在黄河入海口附近进行了四口井的浅部地层自然伽马能谱测井，初步研究结果表明，老黄河口浅层的Th含量比其他几口井的含量高；海水中的U含量较陆上浅层含量高；老油区的放射性比新探区高，说明石油开发对当地的生态环境是有一定的影响     

应用仪器中子活化分析法研究海南岛玻璃陨石的微量元素地球化学特征

采用仪器中子活化分析法了海南岛玻璃陨石中２０多个元素的含量，通过对稀土元素及其它微量元素地球化学特征的研究。推测海南岛陨石的源岩可能是较年轻的沉积物，为检验方法的准确度和精密度分析了美国国家地质局的标准物质ＵＳＧＳ－ＢＣＲ－１及中国标准岩石ＧＳＲ、ＧＳＲ３，其相对标准偏差小于５％。     

用中子活化分析法鉴别古陶瓷的种类

应用仪器中子活化法测定古耀洲瓷和古汝瓷的稀土元素（REE）和微量元素，结果显示两种瓷釉、瓷胎的稀土总量、稀土分配模式以及微量元素特征均有差异，甚至差异显著，这说明两种瓷釉、瓷胎的配料化学成分有区别，故REE和特征微量元素含量可作为陶瓷种类的鉴别标志。     

Contrasting distribution of trace elements between representative antimony deposits in southern China

The Xuefeng uplifted belt and the neighboring Xikuangshan region of southern China is the largest antimony producing area in the world. The mineralizing solution which was responsible for the antimony deposition is considered to be derived mainly from deep crustal fluids during a large tectonic movement of the Jurassic time. We analyzed trace elements of ore minerals and fluid inclusions from this area by CSIRO’s micro-PIXE to understand characteristics of the mineralizing solution. We selected three representative “super-large” deposits, one in the Xikuangshan area and the others within the Xuefeng belt: (1) Xikuangshan (simple Sb) which is structurally controlled by large-scale transcrustal faults and fractures, and mainly hosted by limestone; (2) Wuxi (Sb–Au–W), embedded in slate and structurally controlled by large-scale faults and fractures; and (3) Banxi (simple Sb) which is hosted by slate and controlled by local fractures. Our preliminary result indicated that the trace element distribution is highly contrasting for these three deposits corresponding to each geologic setting. Our case study showed that being combined with field evidence, micro-PIXE can contribute to understand large tectonic movements and to establish an effective exploration model for super-large mineral deposits.     

克洛斯湖地区花岗伟晶岩脉中磷灰石的PIXE分析

应用质子激发X 射线(PIXE)方法分析克洛斯湖地区花岗伟晶岩中的31个磷灰石样品。讨论在伟晶岩系统中稀土元素和其它痕量元素的行为以及磷灰石中元素浓度分布与地理位置的关系。围岩钾长石中钾铷的比值c_k/c_(Rb)一般被认为是“世代”和结晶分异总体水平的指示。因此磷灰石中元素浓度对于钾长石中钾铷比值的相关图可以给出磷灰石中元素在“交代”过程中的“世代”差异。     

μ-Erda developments in order to improve the water content determination in hydrous and nominally anhydrous mantle phases

The precise knowledge of the water content in geological samples such as mantle minerals, volcanic glasses and glassy inclusions proves to be crucial information for the Earth Sciences because water has a considerable influence on physical and chemical properties of Earth’s mantle and crust. Among the nuclear microbeam techniques, elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) has been used at the nuclear microprobe of the Pierre Süe Laboratory (LPS) with a very good reliability for a long time to determine the water content of various materials. Previous ERDA measurements gave the total H content at a micrometric scale in the bulk of hydrous geologic samples. However, it was more difficult to characterize nominally anhydrous phases. Recent efforts allowed us to significantly improve the different steps of the ERDA analysis, from the sample preparation to the determination of the uncertainties of the resulting H concentration. A large series of very different geological samples has been measured: volcanic glasses and glassy inclusions, synthetic and natural nominally anhydrous minerals. Our new sample preparation protocol limited the thickness of the surface layer of H-pollution, leading to an easier differentiation of the bulk contribution. Simultaneous PIXE and RBS measurements allow the precise location of the interesting areas and also give information on the chemical characterization of the investigated samples, with respect to the major and minor elements. The processing of the list-mode acquisition files is made using the RISMIN software, allowing among other interesting features to check the absence of water loss under the beam. We will present the results of the H-content measurements and show the good agreement between our present results and those obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for the same set of samples. The detection limit was measured on a dehydrated natural San Carlos olivine ((Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄) equal to 130 wt ppm H₂O (15 wt ppm H or 300 at ppm H) and the relative uncertainties on the water concentration range from 10% to 15%.     

Determination of trace elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis in Anatolian bentonitic clays

Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) was carried out for the determination of trace elements in non-swelling type bentonitic clays. Samples were irradiated in Triga Mark II type of reactor at the Nuclear Institute of Technical University of Istanbul. Irradiation was performed in two steps for “short and long lived” isotopes. The γ spectra of short lived isotopes were interpreted with respect to Al, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Ti, Mn, V qualitatively and that of long lived isotopes with respect to Sc, Cr, Br, Sb, Cs, La, Ce, Sm, Yb, Hf quantitatively. The relative richness of the trace elements (Al, Ti, Ca, Mg, Na, K) observed in the Sampo 90 program was obtained using Atomic Absorption technique by normalizing its value to that of sodium. The silicon content of samples was determined by gravimetry. The results indicated that Sample I contained relatively higher amount of REE, Sb, Ca and Na than Sample II. The amount of Sc, Cr and Br were about similar in both samples. Concentrations of La, Ce, Sm and Yb are higher than REE abundances found in all natural waters. These results suggest that Ca-bentonite samples are representative of primary deposition environment. In addition, the Sc content of both the samples indicates that Ca-bentonite deposits originated from continental crust. The relatively high amount of REE might bring about porosity problems in the use of Ca-bentonite in cement and concrete production.     

头发的同步辐射XRF实验

给出了用同步辐射Ｘ射线荧光分析法测定人发中微量元素含量沿头发长度方向分布的结果。重复扫描单根头发、五根头发的结果表明实验的精密度很好；一个人头部同一区域三根不同头发相应部位大多数元素含量的变化趋势基本相同，并有大体一致的相对比值；四个不同人头发相应部位元素含量的变化趋势是不同的，且有不同的相对比值。     

超声雾化等离子体光谱法测定钍中稀土

本文报导了超声雾化等离子体光谱法测定核纯二氧化钍中痕量稀土。基体钍与痕量稀土分离方法有萃取法、离子交换法和反相色层法,其中萃取法比较简便快速。本文采用在HNO3体系中以D2EHPA-TBP-OK协同萃取钍、分离稀土,用NH4CNS、磺基水杨酸隐蔽干扰稀土测定的杂质即Fe、Cu、Ca、Al、Mg,然后调pH为5.5,用PMBP-苯萃取稀土,4N HC1反萃,ICP-AES法测稀土,用钇作内标,此分析法灵敏度高,速度快。1.仪器和试剂 PGS2型二米平面光栅摄谱仪;GP3.5D1高频等离子体发生器;CW1超声波发生器;双层水池雾化器;可     

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VOLCANIC ROCKS FROM TANGBALE OPHIOLITE IN THE WESTERN JUNGGAR OF XINJIANG

An INAA technique was applied to determine simultaneously abundances of rare-earth, transitional metal, large-ion lithophile and high field strength elements in volcanic rocks from Tangbale ophiolite belt. The detailed study on trace element geochemistry shows that the volcanic rocks were erupted in the back-arc basin. The volcanic rocks of early and middle stages of the expanding period of the basin have low REE and other incompatible element contents. At early and late stages of closing period of the basin, alkalic basalts, basaltic andesites and andesites were erupted in which light REE and other incompatible elements were enriched.