IDCOM──M控制技术

ＩＤＣＯＭ──Ｍ控制技术冯保罗（齐鲁石化公司设备处）１前言我公司炼油厂北催化装置于１９９３年在国内首家引进了美国ＳＥＴＰＯＩＮＴ公司的先进控制技术。１９９３年３月春季检修时进行接口安装调试，之后进行软件调试、阶跃调试、建模调试，至１０月此先进控制软件...     

FCCU先进控制和优化

由于ＦＣＣＵ处理量大及操作的复杂性，一点小改进就可创造巨大的经济效益。从先进控制可获得０．３１－０．９４￥／ｍ＾３的效益，而在线优化更可获得１．２６￣４．７２Ｓ／ｍ＾３的效益以及其他好处，文章对ＦＣＣＵ的先进控制和在线优化作了阐述。     

催化裂化反应再生系统斜管上松动点的合理设置

结合催化裂化装置一根振动斜管的成功改造实例，分析了斜管上松动点的布置对斜管振动的影响。提出将斜管上的松动点分为敏感松动点和一般松动点两类而分别加以对待的见解，并提出了松动点的设置原则。     

多变量模型预估控制技术在FCC分馏塔中的应用

阐述Honeywell公司的鲁棒多变量模型预测控制技术（RMPCT）的特性和控制方法,探讨了在催化裂化装置分馏塔中采用此项技术的设计方法和实施过程,并给出了应用结果。     

DMCplus先进控制技术在吸收稳定单元上的应用

介绍了运用AspenTech公司的动态矩阵控制（DMCplus）技术，通过现场阶跃测试获取装置的动态数学模型，并运用AspenTech公司的质量计算软件包与产品质量指标数据校正相结合等手段，使DMCplus控制器在吸收稳定单元上顺利投用成功。运行表明，先进控制能够克服装置及设备的瓶颈，保证装置的平稳运行，获取很好的经济效益。     

用先进控制提高加氢裂化装置的效益

科威特Mina Al-Ahmadi炼油厂的加工能力在400000b/d(约63600m3/d)以上，该厂的加氢裂化装置安装应用了多变量预估控制，每年获益200多万美元。     

单一DMCplus控制器在催化裂化装置中的应用

叙述了在抚顺石化公司石油一厂催化裂化装置成功实施DMCPlus多变量控制器的过程。通过设计单一大型的控制器覆盖装置的反应／再生、主分馏系统两大部分，投用效果显著，取得了明显的经济效益。详细介绍该控制器的目标、设计、控制策略、投用过程及应用效果。     

先进控制在聚乙烯装置中的应用

介绍了在聚乙烯装置中应用先进控制 (APC)的目的、方法、内容、步骤及效果 ,并介绍了实施中技术难题的解决方法 ,提出了APC实施中的几点注意事项     

重叠式两段再生催化裂化装置的优化运行

重叠式两段再生催化装置反再部分独特的设计使得它可根据原料的性质选择合适的反应条件，如剂油比、反应时间等。通过不断优化工艺参数，可以在保证产品质量的前提下液体收率昼可能提高，而将主风、催化剂等以最低。     

芳烃连续重整装置先进控制系统的开发和应用

针对某石化公司芳烃连续重整装置的生产现状、存在问题及需求,为实现节能降耗而进行控制优化,在常规DCS控制的基础上提出了芳烃连续重整装置先进控制系统的控制目标、控制策略、系统结构及控制方案。利用机理建模,单值预估控制来进行先进控制器搭建,应用结果证实了所开发系统实现了质量指标的卡边控制,降低了能耗,提升了装置的平稳性。     

压缩机综合控制系统在催化裂化装置中的应用

原催化裂化装置主风机组控制仪表严重落后老化,控制系统可靠性降低,不适应新的联锁自保及机组控制的安全标准和要求。经升级改造,新的机组控制系统采用了压缩机综合控制系统（ITCC）,控制器为经过安全认证的三重化冗余（TMR）Tricon控制器,轴流压缩机防喘振控制采用专用的防喘振控制和调速及性能控制软件,提高了机组控制系统的安全性、可靠性,使操作调节更加简便。     

催化裂化装置设备和管道的腐蚀分析

对某重油催化裂化装置的腐蚀状况进行了描述,根据装置的流程特点、操作条件和设备选材及结构对装置的腐蚀类型和腐蚀原因进行了分析,并从工艺防腐、材料升级和结构改进等方面提出了改进措施。     

Additional Feedstock for Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit

Abstract

Fuel refineries are configured with Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU) to convert Vacuum Gas Oils (VGO) into higher value gasoline and middle distillates. But such refineries also generate 8–12% of heavy oils known either as decant oil or clarified oil (CLO), which has to be downgraded as furnace oil. The recycling of the decant oil into FCCU along with VGO feed is restricted to maintain the coke formation within design limits so that there is no decrease either in conversion or yield of liquid products from FCC operations. The condensed aromatic ring compounds present in CLO makes it undesirable feedstock for cracking, as it promotes heavy coke formation on the catalyst. Hence, CLO is disposed by absorbing in the residual fuel oils.

Of late, FCC units are being operated with higher severity to maximize gasoline, and this has resulted in much higher concentration of condensed aromatics in CLO. Hence, better utilization of CLO depends on separating its saturated hydrocarbon components as a good feedstock for recycling into FCCU with the simultaneous production of extract with enriched poly condensed aromatics as a value added product, namely Carbon Black Feed Stock (CBFS). This article describes several extraction studies carried out on CLO to obtain raffinate for which cracking studies were carried out in automated Micro Activity Test (MAT) unit. The quality of extract phase from each of the above studies was evaluated for its suitability as feedstock for carbon black.     

Additional Feedstock for Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit

Fuel refineries are configured with Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU) to convert Vacuum Gas Oils (VGO) into higher value gasoline and middle distillates. But such refineries also generate 8-12% of heavy oils known either as decant oil or clarified oil (CLO), which has to be downgraded as furnace oil. The recycling of the decant oil into FCCU along with VGO feed is restricted to maintain the coke formation within design limits so that there is no decrease either in conversion or yield of liquid products from FCC operations. The condensed aromatic ring compounds present in CLO makes it undesirable feedstock for cracking, as it promotes heavy coke formation on the catalyst. Hence, CLO is disposed by absorbing in the residual fuel oils.

Of late, FCC units are being operated with higher severity to maximize gasoline, and this has resulted in much higher concentration of condensed aromatics in CLO. Hence, better utilization of CLO depends on separating its saturated hydrocarbon components as a good feedstock for recycling into FCCU with the simultaneous production of extract with enriched poly condensed aromatics as a value added product, namely Carbon Black Feed Stock (CBFS). This article describes several extraction studies carried out on CLO to obtain raffinate for which cracking studies were carried out in automated Micro Activity Test (MAT) unit. The quality of extract phase from each of the above studies was evaluated for its suitability as feedstock for carbon black.     

T—M集散控制系统在催化裂化装置上的应用

在催化裂化装置上采用了西门子Ｔ－Ｍ集散控制系统对生产过程进行的硬件配置和软件组态,用两套ＯＳ通讯监视了系统对３套ＡＳ自控子系统进行监视操作控制,既节约投资,提高可靠性,又合理利用了计算机资源,成功实现了炼油装置的集中监控。     

渣油裂化装置的动态优化控制

西澳大利亚ＢＰ炼油厂在渣油裂化装置的反应／再生部分安装了多变量预估控制器（ＭｕｌｔｉｖａｒｉａｂｌｅＰｒｅｄｉｃｔｉｖｅＣｏｎｔｒｏｌｌｅｒ）有效地控制工艺过程,使其适应原料的变化,多变量控制器的调节和约束处理功能与复杂的产品价值优化程序一起运行,可使产量增加３％,转化率提高２．４％,不足三个月就可收回投资。     

优化控制在催化裂化装置上的应用

主要论述抚顺石油一厂催化裂化装置优化控制系统概况、优化原理、实施策略及应用效果。     

1.8Mt/a催化裂化装置数值模拟研究

针对国内某炼油厂1.8 Mt/a催化裂化装置,根据近两年的生产数据,应用统计的方法,建立装置产品收率的数学模型,并对每个模型进行了方程及其系数的显著性检验,经验证,模型具有较好的外延性,实现了对产品收率进行科学的预测,为生产方案的下达提供了科学的依据。