桩筏基础的相互作用系数解法及参数分析

采用积分方程法推导出求解桩–桩、桩–土和土–土间相互作用系数所需要的第二类Fredholm积分方程,利用叠加原理对桩筏基础进行计算分析,通过与常规弹性理论方法计算结果的比较验证了本文方法的正确性。最后对桩筏基础的沉降、各桩以及土之间的荷载分担情况进行了一系列的参数分析。此方法可以用来分析大规模桩筏基础,具有较好的工程应用前景。     

长短桩桩筏基础相互作用系数解法及分析

采用积分方程法推导出求解桩-桩、桩-土、土-土之间的相互作用系数所需要的第二类Fredholm积分方程,利用叠加原理对长短桩桩筏基础进行计算分析,通过与其它计算方法的比较验证了计算方法的正确性.并对长短桩桩筏基础的沉降、各桩以及土之间的荷载分担情况进行了分析.该方法可以用来分析大规模的长短桩桩筏基础,具有较好的工程应用前景.     

桩筏基础中筏板分担荷载作用及影响因素分析

针对高层建筑桩筏基础设计中,一般不考虑筏板分担荷载作用的设计方法,从桩筏基础支承体系的受力和变形问题入手,在参考国内外有关资料以及工程实例分析计算的基础上,通过对桩筏基础中筏板的分担荷载作用分析,由筏板分担作用的时效性引出随着上部结构的建造而逐渐变化的筏底土反力分布规律;通过对筏板分担荷载作用的影响因素分析,提出桩筏基础中筏板分担作用涉及上部结构与地基基础的复杂共同作用全过程.筏板的分担作用不可忽视,在建筑物建造的全过程发生变化.并提出合理的结构设计计算应定量考虑桩筏共同作用的计算方法及建议.     

考虑筏承担荷载的桩筏基础设计方法探讨

减少沉降的桩基设计理论和设计方法已经得到了成熟的应用和广泛的认可。笔者根据多年来的设计实践，提出考虑筏分担荷载的桩筏基础设计方法，并从设计原则、适用条件、设计及步骤等方面进行了较为详细的论证和描述。该设计方法可减少桩数和承台厚度，同时满足工程质量要求并可节省工程投资。     

桩间距对桩筏基础结构性能影响的模型试验研究

 为研究桩间距对桩筏基础结构性能的影响,设计并进行不同桩间距的桩筏基础系列模型试验。结果表明,设置不同的桩间距可调配群桩基础中桩与筏板的分担作用,调整桩筏基础的受力性能。常规桩距桩筏基础以桩为承载主体,地基土的荷载分担次之;当桩间距大于6倍桩径后,桩较早进入塑性支承状态,地基土分担荷载能力增强,桩与筏板荷载分担的主次作用发生转换,筏板逐渐转换为基础的承载主体。随着桩间距增大,筏板内力分布由整体弯曲过渡到以局部弯曲为主。桩筏基础桩顶荷载分布规律受桩间距的影响,随着桩间距增大,桩顶荷载由角桩最大逐渐转化为中间桩最大。建议桩筏基础设计方法应考虑桩间距设置对筏板与桩土体系相对刚度、筏板内力和桩顶荷载不均匀特征的影响。     

桩筏基础承载过程的安全度分析

利用桩筏基础系列模型试验数据,整理出桩与地基土荷载分担百分比与总荷载关系曲线,桩、地基土及桩筏整体安全系数与总荷载关系曲线。分析表明:桩间距不同,桩筏基础承载过程中桩与地基土荷载分担比不同,分担比的不同是承载主体不同的量化表现;桩筏基础承载过程中桩、地基土及桩筏基础整体安全系数是不一样的,桩筏基础整体安全系数更多的取决于承载主体的安全系数;建议了能够反映桩筏基础承载过程中桩与地基土各自承载状态及荷载分担的桩筏基础安全度计算式。     

桩筏基础荷载分担问题研究

根据高层建筑桩筏基础荷载分担问题的大量现场测试结果，采用三种简化计算方法对两个典型工程进行计算分析对比，得出荷载分担的确存在，并提出了一些建议。     

位移调节器用于端承型桩筏基础的模型试验研究

位移调节器是用于调节物体支承接触点之间位移的特殊装置,可用来保证端承型桩筏基础桩–土的变形协调和共同作用。为研究端承型桩筏基础中位移调节器的设置对桩–土–筏相互作用的影响,进行了位移调节器设置前后端承型桩筏基础的室内模型对比试验。试验测量了桩身轴力、筏板沉降及桩间土反力,分析了不同荷载级别下端承型桩筏基础的荷载传递规律、整体沉降与差异沉降分布特征以及桩土荷载分担比等内容,结果表明：与常规端承型桩筏基础相比,位移调节器的设置改变了桩筏基础的荷载传递规律,顺利实现了桩土的共同作用,同时适当支承刚度的调节器可优先且充分地发挥筏底土体承载能力,优化桩土荷载分担比。结论可为进一步理论研究提供试验依据。     

桩筏基础分析方法与优化设计对策

桩筏基础设计的关键在于确定桩筏的荷载分担比及桩对减小沉降的作用。对国内外有关桩筏基础设计方面的资料进行了分析,针对高层建筑常见的两种荷载形式,提出了在筏板中布置长桩,沿筏板边缘布置短桩的桩群布设方式。依据对桩筏基础设计参数的研究成果,给出桩筏基础优化步骤和算例的验证情况。     

桩筏基础相互作用非线性简化分析

提出一种桩筏基础相互作用的简化分析方法。对筏板和土体的接触面进行单元离散,在单桩弹塑性分析的基础上,分析了桩–桩、桩–土、土–土的相互作用关系。推导了桩土体系的刚度矩阵,得到刚性筏板群桩基础的竖向荷载沉降关系,桩的轴力沿深度的分布和桩、筏板各自分担的荷载。无需对桩和土体沿深度方向进行单元离散,简化了计算过程。由于考虑了土体的非均匀性和桩土相互作用的非线性特性,计算模型更好地反映了土体的实际性状。与有限元、边界元计算值以及实际工程实测值进行对比分析,验证了本文方法的正确性,并可应用于实际工程问题的分析。     

不同桩长、桩径桩筏基础的分析方法

针对具有不同桩长、桩径群桩的桩筏基础进行研究,采用筏基无单元方法对筏板进行模拟,基于共同作用原理,以桩与桩、桩与土相互作用的解析模型为基础,建立了层状地基上不同桩长、桩径、桩体材料情况下,桩筏基础与地基共同作用的一种分析方法。旨在解决具有特殊桩群,或通过桩长、桩径、桩体材料的变化、优化桩土刚度分布、调平设计时的桩筏基础计算问题。该方法可方便地用于非均匀布桩、非规则平面形状桩筏基础的计算和优化分析。与基于实际工程的大型模型试验结果的比较表明,该方法是合理可行的,并具有较好的实用性。     

Physical modeling of behaviors of cast-in-place concrete piled raft compared to free-standing pile group in sand

Similar to free-standing pile groups, piled raft foundations are conventionally designed in which the piles carry the total load of structure and the raft bearing capacity is not taken into account. Numerous studies indicated that this method is too conservative. Only when the pile cap is elevated from the ground level, the raft bearing contribution can be neglected. In a piled raft foundation, pile–soil–raft interaction is complicated. Although several numerical studies have been carried out to analyze the behaviors of piled raft foundations, very few experimental studies are reported in the literature. The available laboratory studies mainly focused on steel piles. The present study aims to compare the behaviors of piled raft foundations with free-standing pile groups in sand, using laboratory physical models. Cast-in-place concrete piles and concrete raft are used for the tests. The tests are conducted on single pile, single pile in pile group, unpiled raft, free-standing pile group and piled raft foundation. We examine the effects of the number of piles, the pile installation method and the interaction between different components of foundation. The results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity of the piled raft foundation is considerably higher than that of the free-standing pile group with the same number of piles. With installation of the single pile in the group, the pile bearing capacity and stiffness increase. Installation of the piles beneath the raft decreases the bearing capacity of the raft. When the raft bearing capacity is not included in the design process, the allowable bearing capacity of the piled raft is underestimated by more than 200%. This deviation intensifies with increasing spacing of the piles.     

竖向荷载下桩筏基础通用分析方法

根据已有的竖向荷载下刚性板桩筏基础分析结果提出了一种竖向荷载下桩筏基础的通用分析方法。桩筏基础分析中考虑了4种相互作用,分别为桩–土–桩、桩–土–板、板–土–桩和板–土–板相互作用。筏板分析采用有限单元方法,以厚薄板通用四边形等参单元进行分析。该方法可以分析由任意桩长、桩半径和刚度特性的桩群以及任意厚度和几何外形的筏板组成的竖向受荷桩筏基础。应用该方法不需要划分桩土体单元,其分析复杂程度基本等同于弹性地基板基础,且分析过程简洁。通过与各种方法的比较证明该方法是合理可行的,精度上也满足要求。     

分层地基模型|桩筏基础|沉降|非线性|离心模型试验

基于改进的分层地基模型,考虑桩–土–筏的共同作用,提出了刚性桩筏基础非线性分析方法。地基附加应力计算考虑土层参数的变化,采用层状弹性体系的Burmister应力解;地基变形采用分层总和法,所采用的计算参数压缩模量和一维回弹模量试验确定方便。通过简单的室内一维加卸载试验确定其随加卸载次数的变化,进一步得到桩筏基础在重复加卸载下的沉降规律。对单桩和桩筏基础进行离心模型试验,并将计算结果和试验结果进行对比分析,验证了本文方法的正确性,可应用于实际工程问题的分析。     

Response in piled raft foundation of tall chimneys under along-wind load incorporating flexibility of soil

The present paper deals with the numerical analysis of tall reinforced concrete chimneys with piled raft foundation subjected to along-wind loads considering the flexibility of soil. The analysis was carried out using finite element method on the basis of direct method of soil-structure interaction (SSI). The linear elastic material behavior was assumed for chimney, piled raft and soil. Four different material properties of soil stratum were selected in order to study the effect of SSI. The chimney elevation and the thickness of raft of piled raft foundation were also varied for the parametric study. The chimneys were assumed to be located in terrain category 2 and subjected to a maximum wind speed of 50 m/s as per IS:875 (Part 3)-1987. The along-wind loads were computed according to IS:4998 (Part 1)-1992. The base moments of chimney evaluated from the SSI analysis were compared with those obtained as per IS:4998 (Part 1)-1992. The tangential and radial bending moments of raft of piled raft foundation were evaluated through SSI analysis and compared with those obtained from conventional analysis as per IS:11089-1984, assuming rigidity at the base of the raft foundation. The settlements of raft of piled raft foundation, deflection of pile and moments of the pile due to interaction with different soil stratum were also evaluated. From the analysis, considerable reduction in the base moment of chimney due to the effect of SSI is observed. Higher radial moments and lower tangential moments were obtained for lower elevation chimneys with piled raft resting on loose sand when compared with conventional analysis results. The effect of SSI in the response of the pile is more significant when the structure-foundation system interacts with loose sand.     

桩筏基础的新型分析方法

实际工程中 ,桩筏基础的平面形状、桩的布置方式多种多样。本文针对具有非规则形状筏板、非均匀布桩的桩筏基础 ,采用筏基无单元方法[1] 对筏板进行模拟 ,以桩与桩、桩与土相互作用的新模型[2 ] 为基础 ,建立了层状地基上桩筏基础与地基共同作用的一种新型分析方法。该方法便于布桩优化分析 ,并可进行桩与土相互作用的非线性分析。工程实例计算和分析表明 ,该方法是合理可行的 ,并具有较好的实用性和可靠性     

刚性承台下垫层-桩-土相互作用的近似解析法

基于桩基沉降分析中已被广泛接受的剪切位移法,考虑刚性承台下的垫层-桩-土相互作用,提出了带垫层桩体复合地基的一种近似解析方法,分析时假定垫层与承台接触紧密,根据变形协调和荷载平衡条件,可推导出了桩土分担比和基础沉降的显式解答。作者所求得的桩土荷载分担比与边界元解答具有较好的一致性,而在反映基础沉降特性的无量纲刚度上,两者还存在着一定的误差。该方法可以进一步推广用于非均质地基中的群桩沉降分析。     

Approximate Numerical Analysis of a Large Piled Raft Foundation

An approximate method of analysis has been developed to estimate the settlement and load distribution of large piled raft foundations. In the method the raft is modelled as a thin plate, and the piles and the soil are treated as interactive springs. Both the resistances of the piles as well as the raft base are incorporated into the model. Pile-soil-pile interaction, pile-soil-raft interaction and raft-soil-raft interaction are taken into account based on Mindlin's solutions. The proposed method makes it possible to solve problems of large non-uniformly arranged piled rafts in a time-saving way using a PC. The method can also be used for the deformation analysis of pile groups by setting the soil resistance at the raft base equal to zero. The validity of the proposed method is verified through comparisons with existing solutions. Two case studies on settlement analyses of a free-standing pile group and a large piled raft are presented. In the analyses, applicability of the equivalent pier concept is also examined and discussed. The computed settlements compare favourably with the field measurements.