数字图像相关测量中镜头成像畸变的估计和校正

提出一种用于高精度数字图像相关测量的镜头成像畸变估计和校正方法.通过对由刚体平移实验得到的畸变位移场进行分析获得镜头的畸变系数,并根据畸变系数对畸变位移场进行校正.对一25mm固定焦距镜头的成像畸变进行估计,并进一步讨论了该镜头成像畸变对位移测量误差的影响.结果显示,可有效消除由镜头成像畸变引起的位移测量误差,达到高精度测量的目的.     

图像尺寸测量中镜头畸变的影响及校正研究

图像尺寸测量是一种非接触式测量技术,系统中的光学镜头畸变严重影响测量的精度.提出利用图像识别技术和最小二乘法,拟合出标准线经成像系统所得到的畸变曲线函数,根据曲线上任一位置的曲率大小来表征镜头畸变率的大小.通过软件编程,直接得出被测镜头各空间区域的畸变率大小.利用测量结果对畸变图像进行校正,通过实验验证,图像尺寸测量的...     

自动图像校正原理与方法及在火车导轨图像测量中的应用

提出了一种操作简便的隐参数校正方法。通过校正板上特征点的世界坐标和对应的畸变图像中的图像坐标求出两坐标系之间的转换矩阵元素——隐参数,再由隐参数将被测图像还原到世界坐标系中,得到相当于摄像机在与测量平面垂直并且镜头不存在任何畸变的情况下拍摄得到的图像,并进行图像测量。将此方法应用于火车导轨磨耗图像测量中,现场测试的结果表明,图像校正精度可达0.2 mm,测量系统精度达到0.5 mm,符合标准要求。     

鱼眼图像畸变校正算法

根据鱼眼镜头成像的特点,选择合适的图像畸变校正算法,标定鱼眼图像的中心和半径,用标定得到的参数进行校正,推出校正模型,方法简单,易于实现,并对鱼眼图的畸变矫正问题提出意见与看法。     

车灯模组的照度检测研究

针对在车灯模组的照度检测过程中,车灯模组照度图像采集时由于摄像系统安装位置产生的畸变问题,采用平面模板法,通过畸变校正算法对系统进行畸变校正,减小因图像坐标位置失真造成的测量误差;针对摄像系统像面照度不均匀性对图像灰度值的影响,通过照度均匀度校正实验获取摄像系统的校正系数后,采用基于麦夸特法与通用全局优化算法结合的曲面拟合法对校正系数进行处理,得到像素坐标与校正系数的函数模型,实现图像灰度值的校正。对校正后的摄像系统进行灰度-照度标定,建立灰度-照度关系,提高车灯模组照度检测的精度。实验结果表明:车灯模组照度检测的误差基本控制在10%以内,重复性误差小于1%,具有较高的准确性和可靠性。     

一种显微CT系统图像畸变校正方法

基于透镜耦合的光耦探测器由于其高分辨力、倍率选择多样化的特点,被应用到显微CT系统中.然而,光耦探测器的成像畸变影响了显微CT系统的成像质量.为此提出一种适用于显微CT系统的图像畸变校正方法.建立理想图像和实际畸变图像的多项式函数关系,利用特征点坐标求取畸变系数,并利用畸变系数对图像进行畸变校正.实验结果表明,所提方法能够有效地校正畸变,校正后系统的空间分辨力由原来的8.5μm提升到4.2μm.标准网格板图像校正后网格线的弯曲得到明显改善,网格间距趋于平均,离散程度变小.同时,该畸变校正算法复杂度低,具有较高的实用性.     

基于视觉模型的C形臂投影图像快速校正方法

针对普通C形臂投影图像失真影响计算机辅助手术的精度和传统校正方法费时的问题,提出了一种基于摄像机视觉模型的方法来快速校正C形臂X射线投影失真图像。该方法通过分析C形臂X射线投影图像失真的来源和类型,把C形臂系统标定和投影失真图像校正融为一体,再利用视觉模型的Tsai法对其进行标定获取畸变参数,然后利用畸变参数对失真图像进行几何校正。实验结果表明,在放射源到探测器的距离为120cm时,最大误差为8.8个像素,放射源到探测器的距离为121cm时,最大误差为9.1个像素。放射源到探测器的距离变化18mm时,标定获得放射源到探测器的距离变化值为18.11mm,相差0.11mm,并且在不同姿态时C形臂投影失真图像校正结果具有稳定性。该方法的优点是减小了建立理想图像带来的误差,而且步骤简单,容易在线使用。     

摄像机径向畸变校正和内参估计的单图标定方法

提出了一种对摄像机的径向畸变进行校正和内参数估计的单图标定方法.拍摄一幅平面标定模板图像,提出若干条直线,拟合在单参数除法畸变模型下的圆弧参数,从而估计出径向畸变.对径向畸变进行校正后,利用标定模板点与经过校正后的图像点之间的对应关系,估计出单应性矩阵.在假定摄像机主点与畸变中心重合的条件下,线性地计算出摄像机焦距初值.以上述线性方法得到的结果为初值,进行非线性优化,最终得到准确的摄像机参数.超广角鱼眼相机和普通数码相机的实验结果表明,本文提出的算法实现简单、适用性广,结果准确,具有较强的实用性.     

鱼眼图像的校正算法

基于鱼眼镜头的全方位视觉系统可应用在很多方面,如全视觉监视、机器人导航等。全方位视觉系统的标定和畸变图像的校正是至关重要的两个部分。本文给出标定鱼眼图像中心和半径的方法,它们算法简单,很容易用软件实现,并通过实验说明它们的有效性。然后用标定得到的参数进行校正。鱼眼成像规律常被用在鱼眼镜头设计中。本文推导出校正模型。基于这些校正模型,得出组合校正模型,并通过实例验证了这种组合校正模型的正确性和有效性。     

非标定图像对最小化畸变几何校正方法研究

图像校正需要对图像进行透视变换,不可避免会产生欠采样或过采样问题,同时射影变换会引起图像扭曲,造成图像对之间相似性丢失.为了降低图像校正后的畸变程度,重点研究了图像校正过程中不同类型图像畸变问题.通过图像对规范化简化基础矩阵,并通过考虑几何约束简化校正变换矩阵;然后求取射影变换权值变化测度之和的极值以实现最小化射影畸变;最后采用Jacobian行列式度量校正前后的局部区域变化,求得最小化重采样效果的矩阵系数.采用该校正变换矩阵对非标定图像对进行平面校正可以减轻射影扭曲程度和重采样效果.     

Estimating three-dimensional vehicle motion in an outdoor scene using stereo image sequences

We propose a motion estimation system that uses stereo image pairs as the input data. To perform experimental work, we also obtain a sequence of outdoor stereo images taken by two metric cameras. The system consists of four main stages, which are (1) determination of point correspondences on the stereo images, (2) correction of distortions in image coordinates, (3) derivation of 3D point coordinates from 2D correspondences, and (4) estimation of motion parameters based on 3D point correspondences. For the first stage of the system, we use a four-way matching algorithm to obtain matched point on two stereo image pairs at two consecutive time instants (t_i and t_{i + 1}). Since the input data are stereo images taken by cameras, it has two types of distortions, which are (i) film distortion and (ii) lens distortion. These two distortions must be corrected before any process can be applied on the matched points. To accomplish this goal, we use (i) bilinear transform for film distortion correction and (ii) lens formulas for lens distortion correction. After correcting the distortions, the results are 2D coordinates of each matched point that can be used to derive 3D coordinates. However, due to data noise, the calculated 3D coordinates to not usually represent a consistent rigid structure that is suitable for motion estimation; therefore, we suggest a procedure to select good 3D point sets as the input for motion estimation. The procedure exploits two constraints, rigidity between different time instants and uniform point distribution across the object on the image. For the last stage, we use an algorithm to estimate the motion parameters. We also wish to know what is the effect of quantization error on the estimated results; therefore an error analysis based on quantization error is performed on the estimated motion parameters. In order to test our system, eight sets of stereo image pairs are extracted from an outdoor stereo image sequence and used as the input data. The experimental results indicate that the proposed system does provide reasonable estimated motion parameters.     

Application of the see-saw method to all refracting optical systems

The optical see-saw diagram is a method that describes image correction to third-order approximation over a finite field of view in rotationally symmetric systems that employ aspheric surfaces. The aim of this paper is to describe the correction of aberrations caused by plane surfaces in all refracting optical systems in terms of the see-saw diagram. A lens correction algorithm based on the see-saw method is described to correct analytically the Seidel aberrations, primary spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, and distortion, in such systems. We then apply this lens correction algorithm to the design of equivalent configurations by aspherizing different surfaces of the system, and the high-order aberrations of the equivalent configurations are evaluated by means of transverse-ray-aberration plots. Results indicate that this method gives information on what the contribution must be to the third-order aberrations that each component should provide to the system to give a better balance of high-order aberrations. Examples of the lens correction algorithm applied to lenses with six refracting surfaces and working for both finite and infinite object conjugates are given.     

Scheimpflug stereocamera for particle image velocimetry in liquid flows

A novel stereocamera has been developed based on the angular-displacement method, wherein the two camera axes are oriented in a nonorthogonal manner toward the object plane. The stereocamera satisfies the Scheimpflug condition such that the image plane, the object plane, and the lens plane are nominally colinear. A unique feature of the stereocamera is the introduction of a liquid prism between the object plane and the recording lens, which significantly reduces the radial distortions that arise when imaging through a thick liquid layer. The design of the camera and its computer optimization with geometric modeling are described. Results indicate that the use of a liquid prism reduces the amount of radial distortion by an order of magnitude. The results have been shown to agree very well with experiments.     

光点位置测量系统摄像镜头设计

针对使用线阵列电荷耦合器件(CCD)的二维位置定位系统中的光学系统的特殊要求,本文提出一种以球面镜作为前组柱面镜作为后组,前组像面作为后组物面的二级成像结构作为线阵CCD的摄像镜头.该镜头使具有相同一维坐标值的点成像为同一条直线,并且具有广角视场,畸变小,成像质量优良等性能特点.对其设计思想、像差特点进行了分析,并给出了f'=.20 mm,2ω=74,畸变小于1.6%的柱面镜摄像镜头实例及其像差和传递函数计算曲线.     

傅里叶变换同轴数字全息记录余弦变换谱系数

余弦变换广泛应用于图像和视频的压缩编码以及模式识别之中。余弦变换为实偶对称的傅里叶变换,把实偶对称物体传送到位于傅里叶变换透镜前焦面的空间光调制器上,采用单色均匀平面激光光波照射,则在后焦面上为光波复振幅分布为实偶对称物体的傅里叶变换,即为物体的余弦变换。由于余弦变换谱系数既有正实数又有负实数,提出了采用傅里叶变换同轴数字全息方法记录余弦变换谱系数,通过把数字全息图减去参考光光强和物光光强而得到余弦变换系数。理论推导和实验结果表明了该方法的可行性,该方法可应用于图像的快速余弦变换。     

Adaptive whole-field optical profilometry: a study of thesystematic errors

An analysis of the sources of systematic errors in an optical whole-field profilometer based on the projection of fringes is presented here. In the system, the determination of the object profile is performed by triangulation. Both the period of the fringes and the geometrical system parameters on which triangulation operates (i.e. the distance between the object and the acquisition/projection units, and the distance between the acquisition unit and the projection unit) represent the input parameters of the profile evaluation algorithm. The influence on the height error introduced by an inaccuracy in the determination of the projected fringe period, as well as of the geometrical parameters of the system, is investigated here. The distortion in reconstructing the object shape due to the finite distance illumination scheme used in the system is also studied. The results obtained from the analysis are used to increase the accuracy at the optical profilometer by means of a suitably developed correction algorithm     

摄像头自动平视玻璃量器标线算法研究

介绍了一种摄像头自动平视玻璃量器标线的算法,该算法基于像平面标线开口大小与运动系摄像头高度的变化关系,给出了自动平视的程序框图.实验研究结果表明:图像处理误差是影响重复性的主要不确定因素,算法为实现摄像头自动平视标线提供了一种高效的解决方案.     

基于数值模拟的管材平面弯曲成形几何加工精度规律

目的 建立高精度的有限元仿真模型可以有效地指导实际加工生产,在减少实验成本及结构件制造开发周期的同时提高成形效率。提高数值模拟中金属管材平面弯曲成形的几何加工精度,同时探究关键工艺参数对几何精度的影响规律,确定最佳工艺参数组合。方法 以管材平面弯曲成形构件为研究对象,建立了基于自由弯曲技术的管材弯曲成形有限元仿真模型,并通过实际加工实验验证了仿真精度,随后针对仿真模型的几何误差进行了参数补偿。将使用较高精度的仿真模型模拟得到的数据作为数据来源,研究关键工艺参数对仿真成形几何精度的影响机制,采用熵值法确定最佳工艺参数组合。结果 通过实际成形实验对比分析,在不同成形条件下,有限元仿真结果与实际加工结果高度吻合,两者之间的加工误差不超过2%,针对规格为32 mm×2 mm的20号碳钢管材,当轴向推进速度为5 mm/s,管材与弯曲模间隙值为0.25 mm时加工精度最高。结论 优化改进后的有限元仿真模型具有较高的几何成形精度,可有效指导实际成形工艺参数的优化工作。