电子传输层锂盐掺杂对Cs2AgBiBr6双钙钛矿太阳电池性能的影响研究

电子传输层是影响钙钛矿太阳电池性能的重要因素。常用的介孔二氧化钛(mp-TiO₂)电子传输层存在较多表面缺陷，电荷提取效率较低，复合几率高。利用双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺锂(LiTFSI)对mp-TiO₂进行锂盐掺杂，并将其应用于Cs₂AgBiBr₆双钙钛矿太阳电池(下文简称为“Cs₂AgBiBr₆太阳电池”)中，以研究锂盐掺杂对Cs₂AgBiBr₆薄膜和Cs₂AgBiBr₆太阳电池性能的影响。研究结果表明：1)锂盐掺杂改善了Cs₂AgBiBr₆薄膜的结晶度，降低了其缺陷态密度，促进了电子传输层/钙钛矿界面处的电荷转移；2)掺杂的锂盐最优质量浓度为10 mg/mL，在该掺杂浓度下制备的Cs₂AgBiBr₆太阳电池的短路电流密度从1.92 mA/cm²提升到2.43m...     

纳米Fe2O3/硬脂酸/十八醇纳米复合相变蓄热材料的性能研究

针对有机相变材料热导率低的问题,将高热导率的纳米Fe₂O₃添加到硬脂酸/十八醇二元有机复合蓄热相变材料中,制备纳米复合蓄热相变材料。从分散剂的种类、分散剂与纳米材料的添加量以及超声时间4个方面研究其对纳米复合相变蓄热材料的稳定性及热物性的影响。结果表明,阴离子表面活性剂的分散效果优于阳离子和非离子表面活性剂。复合相变材料中添加质量分数为0.8%,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和质量分数为0.4%Fe₂O₃的体系,超声时间为80 min时,纳米Fe₂O₃在相变材料中的分散效果最好。添加纳米Fe₂O₃后复合蓄热相变材料的相变潜热及相变温度有所下降,热导率提高34.9%。300次热循环复合相变材料的相变温度波动区间不超过0.41℃,相变潜热波动区间不超过4.0%,热稳定性良好。     

O2/CO2和O2/N2氛围下煤粉富氧燃烧数值模拟

在目前煤炭依然作为能源主体的背景下，控制燃煤污染物排放有着重要意义。基于CFD数值模拟，建立伴流燃烧器模型，控制燃料、氧化剂入口流量恒定，设计了O₂/CO₂、O₂/N₂氧化剂氛围中O₂浓度在21%～40%内的多种工况，对煤粉燃烧特性及燃烧产生的污染物进行了研究。分析了不同工况下煤粉燃烧的温度分布、燃烧速率、碳烟、NO_x的生成情况。结果显示，在O₂/CO₂、O₂/N₂两种氧化剂氛围中，随着O₂浓度的上升，煤粉燃烧温度升高、燃烧速率增大，碳烟生成量均增加，同等O2浓度条件下，O₂/CO₂氛围的煤粉燃烧温度和燃烧速率均高于O₂/N₂氛围，碳烟生成量小于O₂/N₂氛围，且O₂/CO₂...     

TiO2-Cu[HgI4]纳米复合材料的制备及其热致变色性能

以TiO₂为载体制备了TiO₂-Cu[HgI₄]纳米复合材料,利用HRTEM、XRD、DSC、UV-Vis等方法对该材料的结构及其热致变色性能进行了研究。研究表明,TiO₂-Cu[HgI₄]纳米复合材料具有较好的热致变色性能,随着nTiO₂/nCu[HgI₄]摩尔比值的增大,其可见光吸收性能增强,相变温度也相应升高。     

Ag/Al2O3(Li2O)/g-C3N4光催化乙醇制取环氧乙烷

本文制备了一系列Ag/Al₂O₃(Li₂O)/g-C₃N₄复合催化剂,考察了其可见光催化乙醇制取环氧乙烷的性能。Li₂O可调变Al₂O₃表面的酸性,从而降低了主要副产物乙醛的选择性。Ag/Al₂O₃(Li₂O) 在g-C₃N₄上的负载量对产物环氧乙烷的选择性有较大影响,当Ag/Al₂O₃(Li₂O) 负载量为5wt%时,乙醇具有较高的转换率,且环氧乙烷的选择性高达100%。     

O2/CO2气氛下煤燃烧NOx排放特性的实验研究

利用管式电阻炉在O₂/CO₂气氛和O₂/N₂气氛下对煤粉燃烧过程中NO_x排放特性进行实验,研究在不同停留时间、炉内燃料/氧化学当量比、温度、氧浓度等因素对燃煤过程中NO_x放特性的影响,并对这两种燃烧方式下NO_x的排放特性进行对比。结果表明:在O₂/CO₂气氛下NO_x的生成量要远远低于O₂/N₂气氛下NO_x的生成量。随着停留时间的延长,NO_x沿程释放特性是先增大后减少。随着燃料/氧化学当量比的增加,NO_x排放浓度也呈现出先增加后降低的趋势。随着炉内温度的增加,2种气氛下NO_x的排放浓度均增加。随着氧浓度的提高,NO_x排放浓度增大。     

O2/N2和O2/CO2气氛下煤半焦-生物质的混燃特性及影响因素

为掌握煤半焦与生物质在O₂/N₂和O₂/CO₂条件下的混燃特性及其影响因素,采用全自动物理化学吸附仪获得了煤半焦-生物质混合燃料的孔隙结构,采用热重实验分析了两种燃料的混燃特性和反应动力学,通过多元线性回归法研究了燃料比、比表面积与混燃特性参数之间的关系。结果表明,O₂/N₂气氛下,掺混生物质可改善煤半焦的着火、燃尽及综合燃烧特性;O₂/CO₂气氛下,掺混生物质能改善煤半焦的着火特性,但会延迟其燃尽。混燃的活化能在低温区和高温区有显著差异,生物质掺混比增大,两个温区的活化能都降低;两种气氛下,低温区的活化能相近,但O₂/CO₂气氛下高温区的活化能显著高于O₂/N₂气氛下的。O₂/N₂气氛下孔隙结构对燃烧特性的影响更显著,而O₂/CO₂气氛下...     

锰基UIO-66催化气化H2O2协同氧化甲苯的研究

利用原位沉积法制备了不同掺杂比例的Mn负载UIO-66材料并协同气化过氧化氢脱除甲苯气体．采用XRD、SEM、TEM、XPS、ICP等技术对Mn-UIO-66的物理化学特性进行了表征．催化实验确定了Mn-UIO-66/H₂O₂的最佳反应温度、过氧化氢浓度，同时还探究了质量空速变化对甲苯催化降解的影响．EPR测试揭示了Mn-UIO-66/H₂O₂体系中羟基自由基产量与催化剂中锰元素的负载量呈正比例关系．GC-MS分析了甲苯脱除过程中的中间产物，并提出甲苯脱除过程中可能的反应路径.     

O2/CO2/H2O气氛下CO燃烧机理的分子动力学模拟研究

采用反应分子动力学(ReaxFF MD)模拟方法研究了O₂/CO₂/H₂O气氛下CO的燃烧。结果表明：根据化学平衡原理,高浓度CO₂抑制CO的氧化,同时CO₂在高温下参与反应CO₂+H—→CO+OH,进一步抑制CO氧化。在较低温度条件下,较高浓度H₂O的三体效应显著,抑制了CO氧化。另一方面,在较高温度条件下,H₂O参与的H₂O+H—→H₂+OH和H₂O+O—→OH+OH反应占据其化学作用的主导地位,进而促进CO氧化。随着O₂浓度的增加,CO的氧化速度加快。     

TiO2纳米薄膜厚度对CdS纳米柱阵列 光电化学性能和稳定性的影响

利用水热合成法在导电玻璃表面上原位生长CdS纳米柱阵列（CdSNRA）,然后通过浸渍提拉法在其表面涂覆TiO₂纳米薄膜,制备CdSNRA@TiO₂异质结复合结构材料。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、紫外可见光吸收、拉曼光谱等手段对其形貌和结构进行表征。进一步考察了TiO₂薄膜厚度对CdSNRA@TiO₂复合结构光电极的光电化学性能的影响。结果表明,覆盖50 nm 厚TiO₂层的CdSNRA复合结构光电极在可见光下具有更好的光电性能和稳定性,这归因于CdSNRA核和TiO₂壳之间光生电子和空穴的有效分离。     

NaCl-MgCl2-CaCl2相图计算方法研究

为满足规模化太阳能热发电中对传热蓄热的要求,针对储能材料开展探究。以熔融盐热物性及经济性作为筛选条件,选定来源广泛、价格低廉、工作温度范围宽、黏度低、相变潜热大的NaCl、MgCl₂和CaCl₂三元熔盐体系开展深入研究。应用修正的准化学溶液模型,在子二元系基础上推导计算三元混合熔盐NaCl-MgCl₂-CaCl₂相图。结果表明,该熔盐混合物共晶点温度为412.45 ℃,NaCl、MgCl₂和CaCl₂的摩尔分数分别为50.99%、22.78%和26.23%,与已有文献数据相比,误差在3%以内,验证了方法的准确性,为构建熔盐氯化物相图数据库奠定了部分基础。     

Novel device structure for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells using transparent conducting oxide back and front contacts

Cu(In_1−xGa_x)Se₂ (CIGS)-based thin film solar cells fabricated using transparent conducting oxide (TCO) front and back contacts were investigated. The cell performance of substrate-type CIGS devices using TCO back contacts was almost the same as that of conventional CIGS solar cells with metallic Mo back contacts when the CIGS deposition temperatures were below 500 °C for SnO₂:F and 520 °C for ITO. CIGS thin film solar cells fabricated with ITO back contacts had an efficiency of 15.2% without anti-reflection coatings. However, the cell performance deteriorated at deposition temperatures above 520 °C. This is attributed to the increased resistivity of the TCO’s due to the removal of fluorine from SnO₂ or undesirable formation of a Ga₂O₃ thin layer at the CIGS/ITO interface. The formation of Ga₂O₃ was eliminated by inserting an intermediate layer such as Mo between ITO and CIGS. Furthermore, bifacial CIGS thin film solar cells were demonstrated as being one of the applications of semi-transparent CIGS devices. The cell performance of bifacial devices was improved by controlling the thickness of the CIGS absorber layer. Superstrate-type CIGS thin film solar cells with an efficiency of 12.8% were fabricated using a ZnO:Al front contact. Key techniques include the use of a graded band gap Cu(In,Ga)₃Se₅ phase absorber layer and a ZnO buffer layer along with the inclusion of Na₂S during CIGS deposition.     

Generation of enhanced stability of SnO/In(OH)3/InP for photocatalytic water splitting by SnO protection layer1

InP shows a very high efficiency for solar light to electricity conversion in solar cell and may present an expectation property in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. However, it suffers serious corrosion in water dispersion. In this paper, it is demonstrated that the stability and activity of the InP-based catalyst are effectively enhanced by applying an anti-corrosion SnO layer and In(OH)₃ transition layer, which reduces the crystal mismatch between SnO and InP and increases charge transfer. The obtained Pt/SnO/In(OH)₃/InP exhibits a hydrogen production rate of 144.42 µmol/g in 3 h under visible light illumination in multi-cycle tests without remarkable decay, 123 times higher than that of naked In(OH)₃/InP without any electron donor under visible irradiation.     

加热和水处理共同调控PbI2薄膜形貌及其在钙钛矿太阳电池中的应用研究

该文研究加热和水处理共同作用对PbI₂薄膜形貌的调控和对钙钛矿太阳电池性能的影响。使用的钙钛矿体系为（FAPbI₃）_1-x（MAPbBr₃）_x,并在两步法工艺基础上对PbI₂薄膜进行不同时间加热和短时间水处理可将PbI₂薄膜制备成多孔结构。将双重处理后的PbI₂薄膜制备成钙钛矿薄膜后,可发现钙钛矿薄膜质量明显提升,表现在：钙钛矿的晶粒尺寸明显增大、结晶性增强、吸光能力提升、载流子传输更快。且此种方式能有效调控钙钛矿薄膜中的PbI₂残留量。在器件效率方面,只对PbI₂薄膜进行加热处理制备的电池的开路电压、短路电流、填充因子和效率分别为1.05 V、23.12 mA/cm²、73.81%和17.92%,而在最优双重处理工艺下制备的电池的这4个相应的参数分别为1.09 V、24.75 mA/cm²、77.85%和21.10%。     

Porous TiO2 thin films synthesized by a spray pyrolysis deposition (SPD) technique and their application to dye-sensitized solar cells

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) thin films were synthesized on glass substrates from titanium(IV)oxy acetylacetonate 2-butanol solution by a spray pyrolysis deposition (SPD) technique. The films consisted of TiO₂ leaflets and showed the oriented growth along the (2 0 0) direction. The surface area of the film was successfully increased by adding a small amount of aluminum(III) acetylacetonate (AA) in the source solution. This is because AA sublimates easily during the film formation to leave many pores within the film. A dye-sensitized solar cell was constructed with the TiO₂ film which was deposited on the fluorine-doped tin(IV) oxide layer by the SPD technique. The conversion efficiency of the cell was effectively enhanced as high as 3.2% at AA content of 0.6 at% in the source solution, attributing to the fact that the amount of a dye anchored on the surface of TiO₂ layer was the highest at this AA content. Although the conversion efficiency is relatively low, this finding leads to the possibility of an industrial production of a dye-sensitized solar cell in the near future.     

Chemical vapour deposited SnO2:Sb heat mirror coatings for cylindrical solar collectors

A chemical vapour deposition technique for growth of SnO₂:Sb heat mirror coatings on the inner walls of long cover glass tubes for cylidrical solar collectors is reported. The best performance of the tin-oxide film is obtained for those films grown from a source of SnCl₂ + 1 mol% Sb on Corning glass tubes at 520°C. These films, supported on 2 mm glass substrates, have a solar transmittance of 0.85 and an infrared reflectance of 0.8. The heat mirror coatings are observed to increase the stagnation temperature of the absorber in anevacuated tubular collector from 142 to 161°C under incident optical flux of 1150 W/m²     

Stability of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells and evaluation by C–V characteristics

To confirm the long-term reliability of Cu(In,Ga)Se₂, (CIGS) solar cells, we investigated the I–V and C–V characteristics during tests under irradiation or dark condition. Under irradiation, the test samples showed a little increase in efficiency (η) and open-circuit voltage (V_oc) which showed their electrical durability to light irradiation. But the diode factor (n) and series resistance (R_s) showed large changes in value. Also, the built-in voltage (V_b) and density gradient (dN_A/d_x) in the CIGS layer calculated from the C–V characteristics showed distinct changes during the test. After 4 SUN irradiation, two samples in the same fabrication-lot showed new light absorption in the lower-energy range than sun the energy gap of CIGS. We explain the change of C–V characteristics for the samples under strong irradiation with a new model named “Junction retrograde” which can treat defect generation by irradiation to reduce the acceptor density in graded p-n junction. This model for C–V analysis can be used to investigate the long-term reliability of CIGS solar cells under irradiation.     

染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极的优化与性能研究

对染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）光阳极的制作工艺进行优化设计,在光阳极初始默认的制作工艺条件下,分别对影响DSSC光电性能的光阳极活性面积、TiO₂薄膜厚度、是否添加散射层、TiO₂薄膜烧结温度、化学处理方法和TiCl₄浓度影响因素逐一进行考察,最终确定了光电极的最佳制作工艺：光阳极活性层面积为0.4 cm × 0.4 cm,TiO₂薄膜厚度为19 μm,并加散射层,TiO₂薄膜电极的烧结温度为T₁ = 525℃、二次烧结温度为T₂ = 500℃,采用0.1 mol/L的TiCl₄水溶液进行化学处理,获得短路电流密度19.45 mA/cm²,光电转换效率8.42%。此制作工艺方法简单、光谱特性好、光电转换效率高,有利于DSSC的结构优化与推广应用。