一种保特征的隐式曲面算法

结合径向基函数和隐式曲面构造原理,提出了一种保特征的隐式曲面重建算法。应用紧支撑单元产生稀疏的矩阵,降低了计算复杂度,可重建大规模的点云数据。通过几次简单调整支撑域内点的个数,获得保持原特征的重建效果。实验结果证明,算法可以保持原模型的特征。     

基于曲率特征的点云快速简化算法

为了提高实体反求的效率,提出一种点云快速简化算法.该算法依据特征点群曲率变化的特点在点云邻域拟合曲面上搜寻特征点并进行储存,依据搜寻结果对点云进行特征点分布评估,并根据评估结果设定相应的简化距离对点云进行简化.算法充分保留了特征区域点云,使得简化后的点云能够较好地表达形状,整个搜寻过程只针对高斯曲率极值点的附近点,相对于需要在全局上进行曲率计算的传统简化算法,该算法在运行速度上具有明显优势.     

基于拓扑不变性的GSRBF隐式曲面重建

为提高大规模点云曲面重建的精度和效率,提出一种基于拓扑不变性的全局支撑的径向基函数(GSRBF)隐式曲面重建算法。结合Hausdorff算法,根据点云的主曲率和高斯曲率引入一个临界值,防止提取特征点时产生较大误差,构造特征点点云拓扑同胚的拓扑结构;引入八叉树网格划分法进行点云拓扑关系的构造,通过构造与模型控制网格拓扑同胚的拓扑结构来重建曲面的拓扑;构造基函数确定特征点的影响范围,将其归一化得到曲面拓扑上的单位分解,复合单位分解与特征点得到隐式曲面。实验结果表明,该算法适用于任意拓扑的曲面重建,具有较高的精度和效率。     

空间分割与曲率相融合的点云精简算法研究

非接触式扫描方法获得点云数据存在大量的冗余数据。为便于模型重构,针对点云数据精简是必不可少的数据预处理手段,提出了一种基于空间分割和曲率特征信息的点云数据精简算法。通过K-邻域计算、二次曲面拟合、曲率估算和曲率阈值可调的数据分区等关键精简技术,实现了对同一数据不同区域应用不同精简算法,进行不同比例的数据精简。实例验证表明,该算法能适应各种类型曲面数据的精简要求,保证精简效率的同时,很好地保留点云的特征信息。     

基于广义多项式神经网络的点云数据隐式曲面重构方法

针对点云数据的三维重建问题,提出了一种隐曲面重构的广义多项式神经网络新方法.该广义多项式神经网络隐层各神经元激励函数互不相同且线性无关,能够对应地学习点云数据样本中不同的模式,因此,具有较好的学习能力.基于梯度下降法原理,推导了其学习算法.仿真实验尝试将该方法应用于一些简单封闭物体的带噪点云数据隐式曲面重建,取得了较理想的重建质量和去噪效果.     

棱边特征曲面拓扑逼近重建算法

针对含有棱边特征的曲面模型难以正确重建这一问题,提出一种基于网格曲面延拓求交重建棱边特征区域的算法.首先对点云进行邻域高斯映射聚类分析,剔除棱边特征点,对剩余点云以种子点增长算法实现平坦连通区域的分割;然后将增益优化后的边界样点邻域点集作为曲面局部样本,采用三次Bézier曲线延伸方向为制导对点云进行扩展,提高曲面延拓区域的光滑性;最后对延拓后的平坦区域重建结果进行求交,采用曲面裁剪的方法重建棱边特征.以斯坦福大学提供的采样点云作为曲面重建数据,实验结果表明,在重建含有棱边特征曲面的过程中,该算法可有效地避免孔洞与棱边凹痕等错误的出现,且对非均匀采样数据具有良好的适应性.     

基于VTK的三维点云曲面重建研究

针对三维点云数据重建效率低、不能实时交互等问题,利用鲁棒性强的Power Crust算法和三维可视化类库Visualization Toolkit (VTK)的良好并行机制与强大的图像处理能力,实现了三维点云数据曲面快速重建.该算法使用Power Crust对三维点云进行曲面重建,接着对得到的网格进行线性调整、简化和平滑,最后引入VTK进行渲染、绘制、显示,并实时交互.实验结果表明,该算法可以加快散乱点云数据的重建速度,较好地保持了点云数据的拓扑结构,提高了曲面重建的精确性和鲁棒性,且交互性强,适合实时处理.     

杂乱点云的快速曲线拟合算法研究

针对杂乱点云的曲线拟合问题，根据Bezier曲线原理，给出了一种改进的曲线拟合算法。算法在保持曲面特征基本信息的前提下，先对测量到的杂乱点云进行平行切割，再对切割后的截线云进行插入排序，然后从中选点用Bezier曲线来拟合、逼近截线云。实践证明，该算法高效、稳定，可以快速地重构出三维形体的特征曲线。     

基于随机抽样一致性算法的车辆轮胎点云提取方法

针对激光雷达获取的车辆底盘轮廓点云中轮胎的特征提取与分割问题，提出了一种基于随机抽样一致性算法的车辆轮胎点云提取方法。为了提高轮胎提取的准确性，首先采用随机抽样一致性算法对目标车辆点云进行平面提取，然后对提取的平面点云进行K-means聚类，剔除离群点，分割出实际的连续平面点云；最后通过采用随机抽样一致性算法对剩余点云进行轮胎提取。为了验证提取方法的有效性，通过计算机仿真的方法，生成车辆底盘轮廓点云，对该仿真数据进行轮胎特征的提取与分割。结果表明，本文提出的方法具有良好的分割提取效果。     

散乱点云特征面拟合与求交算法

逆向建模的主要目标就是通过曲面重构,向CAD输入NURBS等曲面模型。曲率是曲面的基本信息,采用二次曲面法估算点云曲率,结合曲率法和统计法对点云进行特征型面分割,有效识别了平面、圆柱面和球面等规则曲面。采用最小二乘拟合法求解曲面参数,拟合NURBS曲面,并采用Newton-Raphson迭代法求解面与面的相交线。实验中规则模型的特征面识别率达到100%,复杂规则几何模型的主要特征面能正确识别。实验结果表明该方法在以规则型面为主要特征的零件模型重构应用中的有效性。     

Implicit Fitting Using Radial Basis Functions with Ellipsoid Constraint

Implicit planar curve and surface fitting to a set of scattered points plays an important role in solving a wide variety of problems occurring in computer graphics modelling, computer graphics animation, and computer assisted surgery. The fitted implicit surfaces can be either algebraic or non‐algebraic. The main problem with most algebraic surface fitting algorithms is that the surface fitted to a given data set is often unbounded, multiple sheeted, and disconnected when a high degree polynomial is used, whereas a low degree polynomial is too simple to represent general shapes. Recently, there has been increasing interest in non‐algebraic implicit surface fitting. In these techniques, one popular way of representing an implicit surface has been the use of radial basis functions. This type of implicit surface can represent various shapes to a high level of accuracy. In this paper, we present an implicit surface fitting algorithm using radial basis functions with an ellipsoid constraint. This method does not need to build interior and exterior layers for the given data set or to use information on surface normal but still can fit the data accurately. Furthermore, the fitted shape can still capture the main features of the object when the data sets are extremely sparse. The algorithm involves solving a simple general eigen‐system and a computation of the inverse or psedo‐inverse of a matrix, which is straightforward to implement.     

Implicit fitting of point cloud data using radial hermite basis functions

We describe a new technique for fitting noisy scattered point cloud data. The fitting surface is determined as zero level isosurface of a trivariate model which is an implicit least squares fit of the data based upon Radial Hermite Operators (RHO). We illustrate the value of these new techniques with several diverse applications.     

带法向约束的隐式T样条曲线重构

目的 隐式曲线能够描述复杂的几何形状和拓扑结构,而传统的隐式B样条曲线的控制网格需要大量多余的控制点满足拓扑约束。有些情况下,获取的数据点不仅包含坐标信息,还包含相应的法向约束条件。针对这个问题,提出了一种带法向约束的隐式T样条曲线重建算法。方法 结合曲率自适应地调整采样点的疏密,利用二叉树及其细分过程从散乱数据点集构造2维T网格;基于隐式T样条函数提出了一种有效的曲线拟合模型。通过加入偏移数据点和光滑项消除额外零水平集,同时加入法向项减小曲线的法向误差,并依据最优化原理将问题转化为线性方程组求解得到控制系数,从而实现隐式曲线的重构。在误差较大的区域进行T网格局部细分,提高重建隐式曲线的精度。结果 实验在3个数据集上与两种方法进行比较,实验结果表明,本文算法的法向误差显著减小,法向平均误差由10^-3数量级缩小为10^-4数量级,法向最大误差由10^-2数量级缩小为10^-3数量级。在重构曲线质量上,消除了额外零水平集。与隐式B样条控制网格相比,3个数据集的T网格的控制点数量只有B样条网格的55.88%、39.80%和47.06%。结论 本文算法能在保证数据点精度的前提下,有效降低法向误差,消除了额外的零水平集。与隐式B样条曲线相比,本文方法减少了控制系数的数量,提高了运算速度。     

Constrained 3D shape reconstruction using a combination of surface fitting and registration

We investigate 3D shape reconstruction from measurement data in the presence of constraints. The constraints may fix the surface type or set geometric relations between parts of an object's surface, such as orthogonality, parallelity and others. It is proposed to use a combination of surface fitting and registration within the geometric optimization framework of squared distance minimization (SDM). In this way, we obtain a quasi-Newton like optimization algorithm, which in each iteration simultaneously registers the data set with a rigid motion to the fitting surface and adapts the shape of the fitting surface. We present examples to show the applicability of our method to constrained 3D shape fitting for reverse engineering of CAD models and to high accuracy fitting with kinematic surfaces, which include surfaces of revolution (reconstructed from fragments of archeological pottery) and spiral surfaces, which are fitted to 3D measurement data of shells. Our optimization algorithm can combine registration of multiple scans of an object and model fitting into a single optimization process which is shown to be superior to the traditional procedure, which first registers the data and then fits a model to it.     

NURBS曲线拟合的最小二乘渐进迭代逼近优化算法

为了使NURBS曲线更精确地拟合散乱数据点,提出了一种基于最小二乘渐进迭代逼近(least square progressive and iterative approximation,LSPIA)的NURBS曲线拟合优化算法.首先,确定一条初始NURBS曲线,利用LSPIA算法优化控制顶点;然后,分别优化数据点参数,拟合曲线的节点和权因子,每优化好一个变量,重新优化控制顶点;最后,经多次优化迭代得到高精度的NURBS拟合曲线.在优化每类变量时,为了避免被其他变量影响,保持其他变量不变.基于LSPIA的NURBS曲线拟合优化算法充分利用了LSPIA算法的优点,在迭代过程中,可以重复使用前一迭代步骤得到的控制顶点等数据,从而节省了运算时间.算法实例表明,该算法能获得一定保形效果.     

Multi-Level Partition of Unity Algebraic Point Set Surfaces

We present a multi-level partition of unity algebraic set surfaces (MPU-APSS) for surface reconstruction which can be represented by either a projection or in an implicit form. An algebraic point set surface (APSS) defines a smooth surface from a set of unorganized points using local moving least-squares (MLS) fitting of algebraic spheres. However, due to the local nature, APSS does not work well for geometry editing and modeling. Instead, our method builds an implicit approximation function for the scattered point set based on the partition of unity approach. By using an octree subdivision strategy, we first adaptively construct local algebraic spheres for the point set, and then apply weighting functions to blend together these local shape functions. Finally, we compute an error-controlled approximation of the signed distance function from the surface. In addition, we present an efficient projection operator which makes our representation suitable for point set filtering and dynamic point resampling. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our unified approach for both surface reconstruction and geometry modeling such as surface completion.     

Ordering and parameterizing scattered 3D data for B-spline surfaceapproximation

Surface representation is intrinsic to many applications in medical imaging, computer vision, and computer graphics. We present a method that is based on surface modeling by B-spline. The B-spline constructs a smooth surface that best fits a set of scattered unordered 3D range data points obtained from either a structured light system (a range finder), or from point coordinates on the external contours of a set of surface sections, as for example in histological coronal brain sections. B-spline stands as of one the most efficient surface representations. It possesses many properties such as boundedness, continuity, local shape controllability, and invariance to affine transformations that makes it very suitable and attractive for surface representation. Despite its attractive properties, however, B-spline has not been widely applied for representing a 3D scattered nonordered data set. This may be due to the problem in finding an ordering and a choice for the topological parameters of the B-spline that lead to a physically meaningful surface parameterization based on the scattered data set. The parameters needed for the B-spline surface construction, as well as finding the ordering of the data points, are calculated based on the geodesics of the surface extended Gaussian map. The set of control points is analytically calculated by solving a minimum mean square error problem for best surface fitting. For a noise immune modeling, we elect to use an approximating rather than an interpolating B-spline. We also examine ways of making the B-spline fitting technique robust to local deformation and noise     

散乱数据拟合的自适应分片逆尺度空间算法

散乱数据拟合(逼近)是在信号处理、计算机图形学等领域中被广泛研究的问题, 近些年,利用优化方法获得散乱数据的稀疏表示逼近解也成为了优化和曲面重构交叉领域的热 点。基于由B 样条生成的PSI 空间中的散乱点曲面拟合问题和分片稀疏的联系,将分片稀疏性 引入到Bregman 逆尺度空间算法(ISS)中,提出一种自适应的分片逆尺度空间(aP_ISS)算法,处 理散乱数据的曲面拟合问题。通过对逆尺度空间系统分片符号一致性分析,得到了自适应分片 逆尺度空间系统的性能保证定理和避免了aP_ISS 参数的选取。应用到散乱点曲面重构问题上 的数值实验结果表明,该算法不仅可以有效拟合曲面,还能够较好保护分片稀疏性。     

隐式多项式曲线的信息建模研究进展

用隐式多项式曲线来描述数据点集合轮廓具有天然的优势,尤其是在数据点集合轮廓的拟合过程中体现得更为明显。概括了基于隐式多项式曲线的信息建模研究现状,侧重于目前国内外各种隐式多项式曲线拟合算法的分析以及优劣比较。以多个图像物体数据点集合轮廓为例,使用各种拟合算法对其进行拟合,并给出了拟合的效果,分析了算法的优劣和改进措施以及以后的研究方向.