溅射镀膜用钛靶材制备工艺

比较了真空自耗电弧炉熔炼+锻造法及电子束熔炼法所制得钛板坯的组织均匀性,同时对不同温度退火后板材的组织性能进行了研究。结果表明,采用此法制得的板坯组织均匀,经轧制及700℃保温30 min,空冷退火后,晶粒尺寸和性能配合良好,均满足靶材用钛板要求。     

微量稀土元素Y对钽板组织和性能的影响

研究了微量稀土元素Y对钽板组织和性能的影响。试验中将加入微量元素Y的粉冶钽条经两次电子束熔炼和合理加工路线制得0.3×200×L的板材试样。利用OM和MTS810试验机研究了板材经不同温度退火后的组织和室温力学性能。结果表明:加入微量元素Y后,钽板晶粒细小均匀,板材的强度、塑性得到提高,纵横向性能接近一致,深冲性能好。     

高温退火对1235工业纯铝电磁超声铸轧板坯组织性能的影响

在电磁超声外能场下获得1235工业纯铝板坯,并对其进行500℃×2 h(保温后炉冷到室温出炉)高温退火处理。研究了微观组织、力学性能并对其进行了断口扫描,并和添加Al-Ti-B添加剂的1235工业纯铝板坯经过同样退火过程的组织性能进行比较。结果显示:高温退火后电磁超声1235工业纯铝板坯比添加Al-Ti-B添加剂的板坯高温退火后的晶粒要小且均匀,伸长率更高。     

退火对海绵钛/电解钛熔炼TC4合金铸锭轧制板材组织性能的影响

以海绵钛和电解钛分别作为熔炼TC4钛合金的原材料,将熔炼后的铸锭进行热轧并退火处理,研究不同原料铸锭轧制的TC4合金板材退火处理后的组织与力学性能。结果表明:去应力退火对电解钛与海绵钛TC4合金板材组织的影响不大。再结晶退火后,电解钛与海绵钛TC4合金板材均有再结晶的等轴α相,而电解钛TC4合金的等轴化程度更高,内部组织更均匀。海绵钛TC4合金板材在经550 ℃退火处理后的应力去除效果比电解钛TC4合金的好,其强度略微降低,而塑性提升更为明显。电解钛TC4合金板材在经过800 ℃退火处理后的再结晶效果比海绵钛TC4合金好,其强度略微降低,而塑性得到极大的提升。两种钛合金板材退火后板材的断裂方式皆为韧性断裂。海绵钛TC4合金板材经退火后硬度降低,而电解钛TC4合金板材经退火后硬度增加。     

TA2环形管表面残余应力及消除

用X射线衍射法研究测定了热推制成形和退火后的环形纯钛管表面的残余应力及分布特点；用OM观察了退火后的试样金相组织：测定了不同退火温度下，钛管抗拉性能，并用SEM观察了拉伸断口形貌。研究结果发现：热推制加工后的环形钛管变形不均匀，存在残余应力；经700℃～750℃再结晶退火后，可有效的降低残余应力；再结晶退火后环形管获得细小等轴晶粒，使抗拉塑性增高。     

大规格AZ31B镁合金板材开发

选用商业AZ31B镁合金扁锭,通过板坯均匀化处理及两火次热轧后获得大规格镁合金板材成品,通过热处理调整板材的组织和性能。结果发现,均匀化处理消除了板坯枝晶,完成第二相的部分溶解和组织均匀化。成品组织中既有细小的动态再结晶,又存在粗大的晶粒和孪晶。该工艺下板材在250℃退火完成再结晶。随退火温度的升高,强度降低,塑性增加。     

Al-8Si铸轧合金组织及其热处理工艺研究

利用铸轧方法制备了Al-8Si多元合金铸轧板坯,并对铸轧板坯进行热处理,采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜对合金铸轧组织及铸轧板坯退火后组织形貌、相结构进行了表征.结果表明:铸轧方法制备的Al-8Si多元合金组织得到细化,但由于铸轧冷却速度和冷却强度的差异,导致铸轧态组织出现中间偏析和组织不均匀.480～520℃的均匀化退火,减...     

不同工艺成形的TC2合金大规格板坯组织分析

采用低温大压下工艺成形出厚度为240 mm的大规格TC2钛合金板坯,并研究了不同锻造工艺对TC2钛合金板坯组织和性能的影响。结果表明:采用低温大压下工艺成形的大规格TC2合金板坯的晶粒得到充分破碎,退火后得到的板坯具有细小、均匀的等轴组织。     

海绵钛/电解钛熔炼TC4钛合金铸锭直接轧制板材的组织及性能

分别以海绵钛和电解钛为原材料熔炼TC4钛合金,将熔炼后的铸锭进行热轧,研究两种原材料熔炼的铸锭轧制为TC4轧板后的组织与性能。结果表明,海绵钛TC4热轧板材组织较电解钛晶粒粗大,组织不均匀,而电解钛TC4热轧板材组织为均匀细长、条状交错的α相,呈现出类似网篮组织结构。海绵钛TC4板材的抗拉强度和洛氏硬度明显高于电解钛TC4钛合金板材,而电解钛TC4板材的塑性更好。海绵钛TC4板材的断裂方式为准解理断裂与韧性断裂的复合断裂,而电解钛TC4板材的断裂方式为韧性断裂。     

退火工艺对铸轧5052铝合金组织和性能的影响

对铸轧5052铝合金板坯进行了的均匀化退火、中间退火和成品退火处理,通过能谱分析、组织观察、维氏硬度和力学性能测试,分析了不同退火温度和时间对合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.实验结果表明,经580℃保温20 h均匀化退火后合金板坯的中间偏析得到有效减轻,组织均匀度得到提高.经420℃保温0.5 h中间退火后,合金板材的塑性得到恢复,利于进一步冷轧加工.对于冷轧板材进行340℃退火,保温1 h后组织处于平衡稳定状态,抗拉强度达到280 MPa,伸长率达到9%.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.