尾矿混合砂混凝土的性能研究

普通机制砂的不良级配影响了混凝土性能.在控制塌落度接近的条件下,对比了河砂、铜尾矿及铁尾矿部分取代机制砂制备混凝土的工作性、抗压强度、弹性模量及抗氯离子渗透性能.研究表明铜尾矿及铁尾矿的掺入增大了混凝土的用水量,改善了混凝土综合工作性;河砂和铜尾矿的掺入增加了混凝土的抗压强度、弹性模量及抗氯离子渗透性;铁尾矿由于细度过大,其掺入增加了混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能,但降低了抗压强度及弹性模量.采用较粗的尾矿和机制砂制备混合砂可以改善混凝土的性能.     

纳米高岭土颗粒改性水泥基复合材料的性能

研究了纳米高岭土颗粒对不同龄期水泥基材料微观结构（微孔结构、微观结构）及物理力学性能（工作性、抗弯强度、抗压强度、氯离子渗透性）的影响。结果表明,纳米高岭土颗粒的填充效应及其对水泥水化的促进作用改善了水泥基材料的微观孔结构,限制了氯离子在水泥基材料中的渗透扩散。当高岭土为水泥质量的1％时,水泥浆1、3、7、90 d抗弯强度分别提高30．41％、39．04％、36．27％和38．32％;当高岭土为水泥质量的5％时,水泥砂浆氯离子扩散系数降低53．03％;混凝土氯离子扩散系数随高岭土掺量增加呈指数递减;当高岭土为水泥质量的5％时,氯离子扩散系数降低18．87％;抗压强度分别提高28．4％;改性混凝土28 d抗压强度与混凝土氯离子扩散系数呈线性增加关系。     

凝石混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能分析

目的研究水泥混凝土与凝石混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能,为凝石混凝土的广泛应用提供实验依据．方法根据基于离子扩散和电迁移提出的NEL方法测试水泥混凝土与凝石混凝土试件的氯离子扩散系数,从孔结构、界面过渡区域以及氯离子的固化程度等几个方面分析水泥混凝土与凝石混凝土的渗透性能．结果凝石混凝土具有较小的过渡孔隙率、微观界面过渡区域具有较高的硬度,并且与氯离子的结合能力很强,使得凝石混凝土对氯离子具有很好的固化作用．结论凝石混凝土相比于水泥混凝土具有更好地抗氯离子渗透性,可以提高混凝土的耐久性．     

多固废混凝土抗压性能及渗透性能试验

针对铁尾矿存量大、活性低及利用率低的问题,提出了通过制备铁尾矿-粉煤灰-矿渣粉三元体系掺合料的方式消纳铁尾矿.利用三元体系掺合料取代30%水泥,铁尾矿砂及铁尾矿废石取代天然骨料制备多固废混凝土,进行混凝土抗压强度和毛细吸水试验,并利用压汞和SEM测试了混凝土的微观结构.结果表明：随着铁尾矿比表面积增大,掺加掺合料的混凝土强度、渗透性能及孔结构均优于普通混凝土;灰色关联及SEM分析结果揭示了混凝土抗压性能及渗透性能的变化主要与掺合料中铁尾矿比表面积相关.     

不同尺度纤维复合增强水泥基材料的抗氯离子渗透性能

为研究不同尺度纤维复合增强水泥基材料的抗氯离子渗透性能,对单掺和复掺碳酸钙晶须、聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维的水泥基材料分别进行电通量试验、电镜扫描观测及基本力学性能试验,分析不同纤维尺度、掺量及复合比例对水泥基材料抗氯离子渗透性能和基本力学性能的影响规律,并基于试验结果给出了多纤维复合增强水泥基材料的氯离子侵蚀深度计算模型。结果表明,不同尺度纤维可在不同结构层次上发挥对水泥基材料的增强作用,使得多纤维复合增强水泥基材料的抗氯离子渗透性能明显优于单一纤维增强水泥基材料;多纤维复合材料的抗压强度与氯离子侵蚀深度及电通量大致呈反比例关系;当复合材料的抗压强度提高13.6%时,其氯离子侵蚀深度和总电通量则分别降低39.1%和44.7%;建立的氯离子侵蚀深度计算模型,可用于多纤维复合增强水泥基材料的抗氯离子渗透和侵蚀性能评估。     

再生细集料对水泥混凝土物理力学性能的影响

废弃混凝土通过一系列再生工艺可以得到再生混凝土细集料,将其部分或全部替代天然砂配制混凝土可以达到变废为宝的目的,但是再生混凝土细集料特殊的性质会使得掺再生细集料的混凝土性能与普通混凝土之间存在较大的差异。在研究再生混凝土细集料的粒径和物理特性对水泥混凝土物理力学性能影响的基础上,探讨再生混凝土细集料对混凝土的抗气渗性能、抗氯离子渗透性能、抗碳化性能的影响。研究结果发现,再生细集料在破碎制备过程中产生了大量缺陷和粉料,采用一定量的再生细集料替代天然细集料配制混凝土,其物理力学性能、抗氯离子渗透性能和抗碳化能力均与基准混凝土有明显差异。如再生细集料最小粒径从0.16 mm及以下提高到2.36mm就可以明显改善混凝土物理力学性能。     

机制砂-铜尾矿复合砂商品混凝土性能研究

机制砂天然级配不良是其广泛应用的制约因素之一。采用河砂、铜尾矿与机制砂制备混合砂用作混凝土细集料。采用"5点法"对机制砂混凝土(M)、河砂混凝土(R)、机制砂-河砂混凝土(MR)、机制砂-铜尾矿(MC)混凝土的砂率进行优化,并研究混合砂混凝土性能。结果表明:混合砂混凝土的最优砂率比河砂混凝土高4%。混合砂混凝土的强度、弹性模量均高于河砂和机制砂混凝土,且强度增长较大;铜尾矿的掺入增加了需水量和干缩率,但对抗氯离子渗透性以及离析泌水性有很大改善;机制砂-河砂体系具有较小的干缩率。     

尾矿砂商品混凝土的试验研究与工程应用

用细度模数为1.8的铁矿尾矿砂,分别以30%,40%,50%和60%的比率取代天然砂,配制C20,C30和C40商品混凝土。通过与基准混凝土的对比试验,研究了不同取代率时,尾矿砂混凝土的和易性、抗压强度等性能以及50%取代率时,尾矿砂混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能。结果表明：尾矿砂取代率为30%,40%和50%时,各强度等级的尾矿砂混凝土的和易性、抗压强度均能满足要求;当取代率达到60%时,混凝土和易性较差,但抗压强度仍能满足要求;当取代率为50%时,尾矿砂混凝土抗氯离子渗透能力与基准混凝土相当。将尾矿砂取代率为40%和50%的混凝土应用于相关工程,经持续质量跟踪,未发现任何问题,且经济和社会效益显著。     

LDHs-MK复合改性混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的研究

以LDHs材料和偏高岭土为主要功能组分开展混凝土试验,针对混凝土的工作性能、力学性能和抗氯离子渗透性能进行研究。结果表明,偏高岭土在混凝土中的火山灰作用可促进水泥的水化进程,改善混凝土内部的显微结构,而LDHs材料可有效固化外界侵入的氯离子,从而在混凝土内部形成一个防御屏障。LDHs与MK的复合可实现固化氯离子和优化孔结构的叠加效应,从而大幅度增强混凝土的抗压强度和抗氯离子渗透性能。     

再生混凝土抗氯离子渗透的五相细观数值模拟

考虑到再生混凝土微细观结构的非均质性,建立了包括新、旧界面过渡区,新砂浆、旧粘结砂浆和天然骨料的再生混凝土五相模型。基于Monte Carlo理论,借助MATLAB软件平台开发了更贴近实际的再生混凝土凸多边形粗骨料分析模型。模型计算结果与试验结果相近,证明五相凸骨料细观模型能较好地预测再生混凝土中氯离子的渗透行为,进而定量分析了再生骨料混凝土特性因子对氯离子渗透的影响。研究结果表明:当再生粗骨料体积分数由0增至50%时,氯离子扩散系数和扩散深度分别增加102.0%和23.9%;当界面过渡区厚度从25μm扩大至100μm时,氯离子扩散深度和扩散系数分别增加13%和37.0%;当再生粗骨料含量较大时,旧粘结砂浆的增加会显著降低再生混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能,旧砂浆粘结率从0.1增加到0.4,氯离子扩散系数增加18.2%;新、旧界面过渡区和旧粘结砂浆是影响再生混凝土抗氯离子渗透能力的根本原因。     

聚丙烯酸酯乳液改性砂浆微观结构与改性机理

为了研究聚丙烯酸酯乳液（PA）改性砂浆硬化过程中微观结构的形成过程及改性机理,分析PA聚合物乳液在新拌水泥砂浆中的吸附特性,并模拟孔隙溶液和PA乳液之间相互作用.同时采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能谱分析（EDX）法表征了PA改性砂浆微观结构的演化过程.试验结果表明,PA颗粒将与孔隙溶液中的钙离子发生化学反应,PA聚合物将以不同的形态吸附在水泥砂浆的局部部位.在此基础上,考虑PA聚合物改性乳液与水泥基材料的反应,提出一种改进的聚合物改性与微观结构形成模型.这对研究聚合物改性水泥基材料的力学性能与推广聚合物改性水泥基材料在工程中的应用具有重要意义.     

Application of Air-cooled Blast Furnace Slag Aggregates as Replacement of Natural Aggregates in Cement-based Materials:A Study on Water Absorption Property

The influence of air-cooled blast furnace slag aggregates as replacement of natural aggregates on the water absorption of concrete and mortar was studied, and the mechanism was analyzed. The interface between aggregate and matrix in concrete was analyzed by using a micro-hardness tester, a laser confocal microscope and a scanning electron microscope with backscattered electron image mode. The pore structure of mortar matrixes under different curing conditions was investigated by mercury intrusion porosimetry. The results showed that when natural aggregates were replaced with air-cooled blast furnace slag aggregates in mortar or concrete, the content of the capillary pore in the mortar matrix was reduced and the interfacial structure between aggregate and matrix was improved, resulting in the lower water absorption of mortar or concrete. Compared to the concrete made with crushed limestone and natural river sand, the initial absorption coefficient, the secondary absorption coefficient and the water absorption capacity through the surface for 7 d of the concrete made from crushed air-cooled blast furnace slag and air-cooled blast furnace slag sand were reduced by 48.9%, 52.8%, and 46.5%, respectively.     

Drying Shrinkage of Cement-Based Materials Under Conditions of Constant Temperature and Varying Humidity

Currently, deformations along the central axis of specimens were usually measured under fixed environmental conditions. Seldom were the effects of environmental factors on the drying-shrinkage deformation of cement-based material considered. For this paper, the drying-shrinkage deformation at different w/b ratios and different additions to mortars was investigated under different environments at a temperature of 20℃ and humidity ranging from 100% to 50%. The specimens were cured in water for 28 days before measurement. The results illustrate that mortar shows much less shrinkage under various drying conditions when a lower w/b ratio is adopted. With a decrease in relative humidity the speed of drying-shrinkage becomes gradually lower. The addition of silica fume reduces the drying-shrinkage of mortar under higher relative humidity, because the pore structure of mortar with silica fume becomes more refined. The addition of fly ash increases the total porosity and the volume of coarse pores in the mortar. The drying-shrinkage of mortar under different conditions increases with the addition of more of fly ash.     

Improvement of cracking-resistance and flexural behavior of cement-based materials by addition of rubber particles

By ring test and bend test, the improvement of waste tire rubber particles on the crack- resistance and flexural behaviors of cement-based materials were investigated. Test results show that the cracking time of the ring specimens can be retarded by the incorporation of rubber particles in the cement paste and mortar. The improvement in the crack-resistance depended on the rubber fraction. When the rubber fraction was 20% in volume, the cracking time was retarded about 15 h for the paste and 24 d for the mortar respectively. Flexural properties were evaluated based on the bend test results for both mortar and concrete containing different amount of rubber particles. Test results show that rubberized mortar and concrete specimens exhibit ductile failure and significant deformation before fracture. The ultimate deformations of both mortar and concrete specimen increase more than 2-4 times than control specimens.     

Use of different barium salts to inhibit the thaumasite form of sulfate attack in cement-based materials

We investigated the effects of different barium compounds on the thaumasite form of sulphate attack(TSA)resistance of cement-based materials when they were used as admixtures in mortars.Moreover,we analyzed the inhibition mechanisms within different types of barium salts,namely BaCO_3 and Ba(OH)_2,on the thaumasite formation.The controlcement mortar and mortars with barium salts to cement and limestone weight ratios of 0.5%,1.0%,and 1.5% were immersed in 5%(by weight)MgSO_4 solution at 5 ℃ to mimic TSA.Appearance,mass,and compressive strength of the mortar samples were monitored and measured to assess the generaldegradation extent of these samples.The products of sulphate attack were further analyzed by XRD,FTIR,and SEM,respectively.Experimentalresults show that different degradation extent is evident in allmortars cured in MgSO_4 solution.However,barium salts can greatly inhibit such degradation.Barium in hydroxide form has better effectiveness in protection against TSA than carbonate form,which may be due to their solubility difference in alkaline cement pore solution,and the presence of these barium compounds can reduce the degree of TSA by comparison with the almost completely decomposed controlsamples.     

Effect of combination of steel fiber and MgO-type expansive agent on properties of concrete

The effect of combination of steel fiber and MgO-type expansive agent (MEA) on strength, air-permeability and porosity of concrete was investigated. The porosity and air-permeability of concrete were determined by method of evaporated water and Torrent permeability tester, respectively. Pore structures of mortars in concrete were analyzed using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). Interfacial structures between steel fibers and matrix were examined by use of optical microscope. The experimental results show that improvement of pore structures of mortar and fiber-matrix interfacial structure in concrete by combination of steel fiber and MEA may remarkably increase properties of concrete. In comparison with plain concrete, compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of steel fiber reinforced expansive concrete increased by 15.3% and 38.1%, permeability coefficient K _t, penetration depth L and porosity of concrete decreased by 41.1%, 21.3% and 13.1% at 28 days, respectively.     

Effect of Sand Content on Strength and Pore Structure of Cement Mortar

The effects of four sand contents on the compressive, flexural and splitting-tensile strength of cement mortars were evaluated. Moreover, we experimentally investigated the pore structure of cement mortar brought about by changing the sand content and water/cement ratio. The changes in the pore structure were quantified by measuring the porosity and pore size distribution obtained by using mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP) technique. The test results show that the strengths of cement mortar increase with increasing sand content. It is also suggested that the traditional water/cement ratio law can be applied to cement mortar with different sand contents, provided that a slight modification is introduced. Sand content is an important parameter influencing the pore structure of cement mortar. Moreover, there is a good relationship between the pore structure and strength of cement mortar.     

碱激发矿渣陶粒混凝土空心砌块砌体抗剪试验

为研究碱激发矿渣陶粒混凝土空心砌块砌体的受剪性能,对108个用Mb25~Mb130碱激发矿渣净浆和用Mb25~Mb80碱激发矿渣陶砂砂浆砌筑的碱激发矿渣陶粒混凝土空心砌块砌体进行抗剪试验.试验结果表明:碱激发矿渣净浆作砌筑浆体的砌体抗剪强度低于碱激发矿渣陶砂砂浆作砌筑浆体的砌体.碱激发矿渣陶砂砂浆作砌筑浆体的砌体抗剪强度低于用水泥砂浆和混合砂浆作砌筑浆体的砌体.砌体的抗剪强度随砌筑浆体抗压强度的提高而增大,Na2O含量、砂灰比对砌体抗剪强度的影响不容忽视.基于试验结果,分别建立了用碱激发矿渣净浆和碱激发矿渣陶砂砂浆作砌筑浆体时的碱激发矿渣陶粒混凝土空心砌块砌体抗剪强度计算公式.     

超临界碳化对水泥基材料性能和孔径结构的影响

为了考察超临界碳化技术在水泥基材料改性方面的应用,研究超临界碳化对水泥基材料微观和宏观性能的影响,基于此设计了超临界二氧化碳碳化试验研究水泥砂浆、水泥净浆和混凝土试件的碳化深度、强度、孔径分布以及二氧化碳吸收量的变化。试验分析表明,超临界碳化可以快速实现水泥基材料的碳化,大幅提高试件强度,改善材料的孔径分布,使材料的中细径孔大幅降低,提高材料的抗渗透能力,为改善重金属等危害废物的水泥基固化效果提供了依据。同时超临界碳化可以将大量二氧化碳转化在碳酸钙中沉淀吸收,具有重要的环境保护意义。     

水泥基材料水分传输及动力学研究

从水泥基材料耐久性出发,引出了水分传输的重要性,研究了水泥砂浆和混凝土的一维水分传输。结果表明:只有结合毛细吸收和扩散2种传输过程才能很好地表征水泥基材料内部的水分传输过程,材料内部孔隙结构对水分传输的动力学过程有很大的影响。该研究结果为水泥基材料耐久性评价和寿命设计提供了更精确的理论基础。