ABS树脂光泽度与黄色指数的测定

使用Color-view分光光度计同时测定了几个常用ABS树脂的光泽度和黄色指数(YI),着重试验分析了不同的样品规格或尺寸对测定结果的影响。结果表明:样片的厚度不仅对光泽度的测定结果造成了影响,而且对黄色指数的测定结果也形成了较为明显的影响;同时样片上是否有加盖物及加盖物的颜色对测定结果也构成了一定程度的影响;另外,样品的形式对黄色指数的测定结果形成了显著的影响。     

The effect of gloss on color

A model was developed for the effect of gloss on reflected color, taking the measurement geometry of the color measuring device into account. It considers the total front surface reflectance of a given sample to be independent of gloss and determined only by its refractive index and the angle of the incident beam. Although the total front surface reflectance is fixed, its specular component increases (and the diffuse component decreases) with increasing sample gloss. Therefore, the diffuse reflectance factor measured by a spectrophotometer decreases with sample gloss. In this article, a defined curve was fitted to the measured reflectance factor of black xerographic print samples having a range of gloss values for the 0/45 and diffuse spectrophotometer geometries, and this curve was used to predict the CIELAB color values for samples of the other colors at various gloss levels. The predicted color was compared to the measured color for cyan, magenta, yellow, red, green, and blue images that spanned a wide range of gloss. The RMS color error between the predicted and measured color of all of these images was found to be about 3 CIELAB ΔE* units. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 24, 369–376, 1999     

成型温度对PP和ABS试样表面颜色和光泽度的影响

以K31皮纹为例,研究了成型温度对聚丙烯(PP)和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯塑料(ABS)试样表面颜色和光泽度的影响。结果表明,随着模具温度和熔体温度的升高,无论是PP还是ABS,其试样颜色的L值均呈增加趋势而光泽度均呈降低趋势,且ABS试样的光泽度降低程度比PP试样高。注塑温度和模具温度升高,材料的流动性提高,冷却时间延长,试样复制模具皮纹的能力提高,使得PP和ABS试样表面皮纹深度均有所增加,从而使试样的光泽度降低、同时L值升高。与PP结晶型材料不同,ABS作为非结晶型材料,其流动性受温度影响更为显著,随着成型温度的升高,使得ABS试样的光泽度降低的程度更大。     

On the relations between color,gloss, and surface texture in injection‐molded plastics

The relation between color and gloss of injection‐molded plastic specimens was evaluated by means of a 45°/0° geometry spectrophotometer and a glossmeter. The specimens were plaques having one smooth, glossy field and one rougher, textured region made of two different polymeric materials (acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene and polypropylene) in a range of colors. A significant influence of the lightness L* of the specimens on the measured gloss of the textured field, with a low gloss appearance, was found. This can probably be attributed to a contribution from bulk scattering, which is linked to the reflectance from within the specimen. The influence of texture on the measured color of the plaques was assessed by evaluating the color difference between the smooth field and the more textured area on the specimens. When the surface was textured, the color changed; in general it became lighter and less saturated. The magnitude of the change depended on the color of the material. The darker the material was, the larger was the increase in lightness L* as the surface became rougher. The shift in chroma C* was determined not only by the saturation but also by the lightness of the specimens. Darker specimens exhibited a larger decrease in chroma when the surface was textured. The change in the measured color caused by increasing the surface roughness could be predicted in a satisfactory manner using a model developed for xerographic printing paper. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 291–298, 2009     

ABS/PVC合金耐候性能的研究

通过一年的自然大气曝露试验和1000小时氙灯人工加速老化试验,对经稳定的ABS、ABS/PVC合金、耐候ASA老化前后的颜色变化和悬臂梁缺口冲击强度保持率进行比较,可以得出结论:ABS/PVC合金的耐候性能与经稳定ABS相比有大幅度提高;在一定时间内,颜色稳定性和悬臂梁缺口冲击强度保持率与ASA相近。     

ABS树脂冲击强度测试的影响因素

对比了4个牌号ABS树脂ASTM标准和国标悬臂梁冲击强度,剖析了ABS树脂橡胶相组成对测试结果的影响,并运用moldflow软件模拟冲击样件注塑成型过程,分析引起冲击强度测试结果差异的原因.结果表明,通过降低冲击测试样条注塑成型注塑速度减小样件表面剪切应力的方法,能够提高冲击强度测试结果,较高的橡胶含量可以减弱注塑速度...     

轿车漆膜后处理工艺中抛光对漆膜光泽度影响研究

研究了二种不同抛光膏(白色抛光膏和灰色抛光膏)分别对二种不同的漆膜(金属漆和单色漆)表面作不同时间抛光处理后的漆膜表面光泽度变化,从而讨论了抛光膏、抛光工艺对不同漆膜表面光泽度的影响,提出了最佳抛光材料和抛光工艺。     

Toward the soft metrology of surface gloss: A review

The most straightforward way to assess the glossiness of a surface is by measuring the specular reflectance by use of a specular glossmeter. Although alternative measurement methods have been proposed, this is still the most frequently used instrumental measurement technique for gloss evaluation until today. However, due to both the multidimensional nature of gloss perception and to the initial purpose of a specular glossmeter only to judge the gloss differences of surfaces with similar appearance, specular glossmeter results do not seem to provide a reliable basis for estimating the gloss appearance of a surface. During the past decades, increased attention has been paid to understanding how the human visual system arrives at a particular sensation of surface gloss, and which factors influence this process. This article was established in response to these new insights, and provides the reader an overview of the most important developments and findings regarding gloss measurement and gloss perception over the past 15 years. With the ultimate goal to achieve a better correspondence between gloss measurement and gloss perception in the future, issues of alternative measurement methods are considered, and some suggestions for relevant future research are proposed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 559–570, 2014     

橡胶粒子粒径对ABS树脂结构与性能的影响

采用乳液技术在聚丁二烯(PB)和丁苯橡胶(SBR)乳胶粒子上接枝共聚苯乙烯和丙烯腈合成了PB质量分数为60％的ABS接枝粉料,将其与苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN树脂)熔融共混获得了一系列不同组成和结构的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS树脂),研究了橡胶粒子粒径对ABS树脂的形态结构、力学性能的影响.结果表明,PB和SBR橡胶粒子的粒径分别为0.3μm和0.05 μm左右时,橡胶粒子的粒径对ABS树脂力学性能的影响十分显著.单独采用小拉径SBR橡胶粒子不能有效地增韧SAN树脂,而大粒径PB橡胶粒子对SAN树脂具有良好的增韧效果.     

注塑工艺对ASA光泽的影响

采用双螺杆挤出机加入消光剂等助剂制备了不同光泽的高耐候丙烯腈–苯乙烯–丙烯酸酯塑料(ASA),并研究了注塑温度、注射速度、模具温度、保压压力以及保压时间等注塑工艺对ASA注塑制品表面光泽的影响。结果表明,消光剂在ASA中有很好的哑光效果,通过控制其添加量可以获得力学性能和低光泽综合性能优异的哑光ASA。注塑工艺对ASA光泽研究结果显示,模具温度和注塑温度是影响ASA表面光泽的最主要工艺参数。在合理的注塑加工范围内,适当地提高注塑温度、模具温度和保压压力,以及适当地延长保压时间可以获得低光泽效果优异的注塑件。     

防划伤高光ABS/PMMA合金的制备及其性能探讨

以ABS为主要原料与PMMA共混来改善ABS的表面光泽度,添加无机填料TiO2和BaSO4来改善ABS/PMMA合金的表面硬度,探讨了PMMA和无机填料含量对ABS/PMMA合金力学性能、光学性能和硬度的影响。结果表明:合金的表面光泽度和硬度随着PMMA含量的增加而增大,但过多的PMMA会降低合金的冲击性能,当PMMA/ABS=30/70时,合金综合性能最佳;加入无机填料后,合金的表面硬度上升,表面光泽度、拉伸强度和冲击强度下降。     

Study of compatibility,morphology structure and mechanical properties of CPVC/ABS blends

Compatibility, morphology structure, and mechanical properties of CPVC/ABS (Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) blends were studied. The core‐shell ratios of ABS were set at 40/60 and 70/30. The interface interactions between ABS and CPVC were changed by modifying the acrylonitrile (AN) content of the shell. The compatibility of CPVC with the shell of ABS was studied by the blends of CPVC/SAN with different AN content in SAN. Dynamic mechanical analysis results of CPVC/SAN were in accordance with the morphological properties of CPVC/ABS. The mechanical properties of CPVC/ABS blends in which the polybutadiene content was set to 15 wt % were studied. Results showed, with the change of AN content, the impact strength followed different way for CPVC/ABS blends with different core‐shell ratios of ABS because of the influence of the compatibility. When the core‐shell ratio was 40/60, the CPVC/ABS blends were much ductile in more widely AN range than the blends, whereas the core‐shell ratio of ABS was 70/30. The differences also showed in the SEM micrographs by the investigation of toughening mechanism. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

PVC/ABS共混材料老化及其防老化研究

分析了PVC/ABS共混材料的老化及其防老化机理,并通过在PVC/ABS基础配方中添加紫外线吸收剂、抗氧剂等办法,研究不同品种的紫外线吸收剂和抗氧剂对提高PVC/ABS共混材料防老化能力的影响,结果表明,紫外线吸收剂UV 327和抗氧剂1076能有效提高PVC/ABS共混材料的防老化能力。     

Influence of surface roughness on the diffuse to near‐normal viewing reflectance factor of coatings and its consequences on color measurements

In this work, we discuss the effect of surface roughness on the measurement of the diffuse to near‐normal viewing reflectance factor of coatings and evaluate its impact on the corresponding color coordinates. We compare specular component included (SCI) and excluded measurements. We introduce a gloss‐factor to account for surface roughness in specular component excluded measurements. We present experimental results on samples with different degrees of surface roughness. Samples in this study were chosen to expose the contribution of the surface in the reflectance factor. For slightly rough surfaces, the influence on the measured reflectance factor depends on whether the specular‐component is included or excluded. As the surface roughness increases, the specular‐excluded reflectance factor increases approaching its value with the SCI further roughness lead to similar measurement results in both configurations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 38, 177–187, 2013.     

The influence of viscosity and composition of ABS on the ABS/SBS blend morphology and properties

Acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) shows excellent impact resistance and good stiffness. The incorporation of thermoplastic elastomer into ABS may consist in an interesting approach to further improve the toughness of ABS, in addition to tuning its compatibility with reinforcements. Blends of ABS and styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) were obtained by extrusion from different types of ABS with different SBS contents. The results showed that morphology and mechanical behavior of ABS/SBS blends depend strongly on the composition and characteristics of ABS matrix. An increase in elongation at break and slight decrease in modulus could be observed by increasing SBS content. ABS/SBS blend possessing good dispersion of rubber particles with sizes ranging from 0.1 to 0.8 μm of rubber particles exhibited the better performance of the impact resistance, whereas blends showing a predominance of relatively large particles resulted on poorer mechanical properties. These results suggest that viscosity and composition of ABS matrix play a significant role on the dispersion and coalescence of the dispersed phase during mixing. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47075.     

Adhesion of ABS resin to metals treated with triazine trithiol monosodium aqueous solution

An examination was made of the adhesion of ABS resin to treated metals such as phosphor bronze, brass plates, and electronickel platings during injection molding. No adhesion to any of these metals was noted to occur under ordinary injection molding conditions, and an aqueous solution of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trithiol monosodium (TTN) was thus used to induce adhesion. Following treatment with TTN aqueous solution under optimum conditions, ABS adhered tightly to all the above metals under ordinary injection molding conditions. TTN treatment led to the formation of surface films containing metal salts of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trithiol (TT). Conditions were made optimal with regard to time, temperature, and TTN concentration. Adherent films were generally formed when bronze and brass were treated for short periods, at low temperature, and at low TTN concentration, though not so in the case of nickel plating. There was adhesion to nickel plating in the case of prolonged treatment time, high temperature, and high TTN concentration. Adherent and non-adherent films did not differ in the chemical structures of the metal salts of TT but they differed in morphology. Good adhesion was noted in the case of TT-metal salts present at low density on the metal surface. Some films reacted readily with double-bond compounds under conditions similar to those generally used for the injection molding of ABS. It was concluded that the adhesion was due to the formation of interfacial bonds during injection molding.     

相容剂对PC/ABS合金力学性能的影响

研究了两种自制相容剂G1(苯乙烯/马来酸酐共聚物)和G2(改性马来酸酐接枝ABS)对PC/ABS合金力学性能(如缺口冲击强度、拉伸强度、伸长率和熔体流动速率)的影响。结果表明,两种相容剂都可有效提高PC/ABS合金的相容性,G1和G2的最佳加入量分别为3%和6%;相容剂的加入能够明显提高PC/ABS合金的冲击强度,增加体系粘度,降低熔体流动速率。     

不同弹性体对ABS/PVC合金性能的影响

研究了弹性体对ABS／PVC合金的各项性能的影响。研究结果表明，弹性体与ABS／PVC合金共混，能显著改变ABS／PVC合金的各项性能。     

Artificial ageing of wood finishes monitored by IR analysis and color measurements

Photocurable finishes appear now as very attractive products for industrial wood joinery for reducing volatile organic compounds (VOC). Nevertheless their poor durability is currently reported. In this study, we aimed to enhance stability of advanced formulations based on photoinitiators working under UV‐visible light by introducing UV absorbers, the absorption band of which is shifted compared to the band of initiators. We tested the efficiency of these stabilizers for two curable coatings applied onto oak and spruce. Modifications of samples at molecular and macroscopic scales were quantified after an accelerated ageing process by FTIR spectroscopy, measurements of color variations, apparition of cracks. It appears that both UV absorbers tested do not greatly improve the durability of systems and the results obtained allow to better understand the causes of the poor characteristics of the finishing systems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

注塑工艺对哑光PC/ABS冲击性能的影响

通过不同注塑工艺对哑光级聚碳酸酯(PC)和丙烯腈–丁二烯–苯乙烯(ABS)共聚混合物进行注塑成型,通过改变不同的注塑条件(注塑温度、模具温度、注塑压力、注塑速度),研究不同的注塑工艺对哑光PC/ABS材料抗冲击性能的影响。研究结果表明,注塑工艺变化,会引起材料冲击性能变化。其中注塑温度与模具温度对结果影响较大,注塑温度240℃,模具温度80℃时,哑光PC/ABS的冲击强度最高;在合适的注塑压力范围内,压力变化对材料冲击影响不大;合适的注塑速度范围内,注塑速度变化对材料冲击影响不大。工艺选择注塑温度240℃,模具温度80℃,注塑压力2.6~6.1 MPa,注塑速度13.9~32.3 g/s时,哑光PC/ABS冲击性能最好。因此,选用合适的注塑工艺可以提高材料的冲击性能。