国内可再生能源文献信息

GN090301 光伏双层窗的综合性能研究.裴刚,季杰,蒋爱国,等.太阳能学报,2009,30(4):441-444. 建立了光伏窗综合性能实验台,对单层、双层和通风双层3种结构的光伏窗性能进行对比实验,研究了3种光伏窗结构对建筑得热、建筑采光和光电转换的不同影响.结果显示,在亚热带气候地区的夏季,通风双层光伏窗可 以明显减少建筑得热,降低空调负荷,同时还降低光伏电池温度,既有利于光伏玻璃的稳定运行,又能够提高光伏电池的效率.     

光伏双层窗的综合性能研究

在香港地区建立了光伏窗综合性能实验台,对单层光伏窗、双层光伏窗、通风双层光伏窗等3种结构的光伏窗性能进行对比实验,研究了3种光伏窗结构对建筑得热、建筑采光和光电转换的不同影响.结果显示,在亚热带气候地区的夏季,通风双层光伏窗可以明显减少建筑得热,降低空调负荷,同时还降低了光伏电池温度,有利于光伏玻璃的稳定运行和效率提高.     

光伏百叶窗角度控制优化与能效性能模拟研究

通过将光伏百叶和双层通风窗有效结合,提出一种新型双层通风光伏百叶窗(PV-Blind),并利用EnergyPlus对双层通风光伏百叶窗的综合能耗和发电性能进行模拟,基于在不产生眩光的条件下综合能效最佳提出一种新的角度控制优化策略。在该角度控制优化策略基础上对双层通风光伏百叶窗的通风模式进行优化设计,并将其与夏热冬冷地区非晶硅双层通风光伏窗(PV-DSF)和中空型光伏窗(PV-IGU)进行对比分析。模拟结果发现,相较热压通风模式和不通风模式,自然通风模式下双层通风光伏百叶窗的全年综合能耗可分别减少5.85和17.73 kWh;相较PV-DSF和PV-IGU,双层通风光伏百叶窗可分别节能52.27%和51.48%。     

两种新型太阳能通风窗在香港地区的实验研究

介绍了两种新型太阳能通风窗的原理和结构,以已有的控温热箱为基础,建立了太阳能通风窗实验平台,在亚热带气候条件下,对普通单层窗、自然通风双层窗、强迫通风双层窗进行了对比实验研究.结果显示,相对于普通单层窗,在基本满足室内采光要求的前提下,自然通风双层窗可以减少室内得热的38%;强迫通风双层窗可以减少室内得热的62%,明显降低了空调系统的冷负荷和能源消耗.     

室内气流组织对非晶硅半透明光伏幕墙热电综合性能的影响

文章通过数值模拟的方法研究了不同室内气流组织下,非晶硅半透明单层光伏幕墙和双层通风光伏幕墙的热电综合性能。研究结果表明:分层空调工况下,单层光伏幕墙和双层通风光伏幕墙的热电综合性能比混合送风工况下分别提高了11.2%和14.6%;与单层光伏幕墙相比,在分层空调工况、混合送风工况下双层通风光伏幕墙的热电综合性能分别提高了54.4%和52.6%;当通风流道间距为35 mm时,双层通风光伏幕墙的热电综合性能最佳。     

空冷型光伏双层窗在华东地区的热性能模拟分析

从实际制作工艺出发,设计空冷型光伏双层窗,建立理论模型.以合肥为例,对华东地区的办公室进行了性能模拟并与普通光伏窗和中空型光伏双层窗进行了对比分析.结果表明:虽然在冬季采暖季节,空冷型光伏双层窗得热量低于单层光伏窗和中空型光伏双层窗,但是相比于单层光伏窗和中空型光伏双层窗,空冷型光伏双层窗更加能够有效地抑制夏季室内得热,减少了夏季室内冷负荷,分析结果将为光伏电池在建筑窗体上的应用提供参考依据.     

不同透过率下非晶硅光伏窗综合能效性能研究

利用EnergyPlus建立通风型非晶硅光伏窗传热、采光、发电的综合模型,研究不同透过率下非晶硅光伏窗的热光电性能。使用实验数据验证所建模型的准确性,并用验证的模型分别研究不同气候区非晶硅光伏窗透过率对发电量、室内照明能耗、空调能耗、综合能耗的影响。结果表明:适宜透过率的光伏窗产生的电量能对建筑空调采光能耗进行补偿,使整体能耗最少。广州、昆明、长沙、北京、哈尔滨5个城市综合能耗最少时的最佳透过率分别为0.22～0.25、0.25、0.25～0.30、0.25～0.30、0.35。     

光伏窗发电供热系统的应用性研究

提出一种基于光伏光热建筑一体化设计的光伏窗发电供热系统,包括光伏双层窗、供热系统和发电系统。其中,光伏双层窗是由光伏板和Low-E玻璃通过窗体框架形成的一个密闭中空结构,循环工质流经密闭中空结构吸收光伏板上的大部分热能,以降低光伏板表面的温度,提高光电转换效率;在冬季通过地热管对室内辐射供暖,夏季可用于供应生活热水。该光伏窗发电供热系统既能满足传统窗户的采光要求,同时能解决房屋室内隔热问题,在光伏发电的同时供应热量,可有效提升能源利用效率,降低建筑的室内能耗。     

建筑节能技术综述

针对建筑节能内容在太阳能利用、围护结构节能、建筑设备节能和采光照明等几个方面从规划、设计、施工和使用各方面进行研究,提出了太阳能热水、太阳墙系统、复合窗体、节能窗、室内综合热量的利用等节能方法,为建筑节能的实际应用提供帮助。     

不同电池宽度半透明光伏窗天然采光分析

为了模拟不同太阳电池宽度对半透明光伏窗采光性能的影响,提出将非透光电池和透光玻璃间隙分开模拟的新方法,并使用实验数据验证新方法和模型的准确性。通过与实验结果的差异分析,采用新方法模拟所得到的照度和眩光可能性（DGP）的准确性均明显优于传统方法。采用新方法对太阳电池覆盖率相同但电池宽度分别为2.5、5.0以及7.5 mm的3种半透明光伏窗的天然采光特性进行模拟研究,并采用全天然采光时间百分比（DA）、有效天然采光照度（UDI）、天然光眩光指数（DGI）、眩光可能性（DGP）等指标对不同电池宽度光伏窗的采光和眩光性能进行对比分析。结果表明,随着电池宽度增加,室内平均DA和UDI逐渐减小,产生眩光的可能性增加,室内视觉舒适度下降。该文提出的方法使得研究不同电池宽度条件下半透明光伏窗的采光和眩光性能变为可能,且利用该方法得出相同电池覆盖率下最佳的电池宽度。     

Photovoltaic materials, past, present, future

This paper traces briefly the history of this photovoltaic materials and it tries to look at possible future scenarios. A large part of the paper is concerned with silicon although from solid-state physics we know that silicon is not the ideal material for photovoltaic conversion. From the first solar cell developed at Bell Laboratories in 1954 photovoltaics was dominated by silicon. The reasons for this dominating position are investigated. Crystalline silicon today has a market share of 86% which is almost equally distributed between single crystal and cast silicon. Amorphous silicon has another 13%. The main endeavor is to reduce cost. Present trends in the crystalline field are reviewed. The conventional technology still has significant potential for cost reduction but this comes only with increasing volume. A problem to be solved is the supply of solar-grade silicon material. Other future possibilities include thin film crystalline silicon on different substrates. Because of the low absorption coefficient of silicon light trapping is required. True thin film materials need only 1–2 μm of material. Amorphous silicon, copper indium diselenide (CIS) and CdTe are hopeful approaches for very cost-effective solar cells. Some other, more speculative materials and concepts are described at the end of this paper     

Hydrogen dissociation and diffusion on transition metal (= Ti,Zr, V,Fe, Ru,Co, Rh,Ni, Pd,Cu, Ag)-doped Mg(0001) surfaces

The kinetics of hydrogen absorption by magnesium bulk is affected by two main activated processes: the dissociation of the H₂ molecule and the diffusion of atomic H into the bulk. In order to have fast absorption kinetics both activated processed need to have a low barrier. Here we report a systematic ab initio density functional theory investigation of H₂ dissociation and subsequent atomic H diffusion on TM (= Ti, V, Zr, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, Cu, Ag)-doped Mg(0001) surfaces. The calculations show that doping the surface with TMs on the left of the periodic table eliminates the barrier for the dissociation of the molecule, but the H atoms bind very strongly to the TM, therefore hindering diffusion. Conversely, TMs on the right of the periodic table do not bind H, however, they do not reduce the barrier to dissociate H₂ significantly. Our results show that Fe, Ni and Rh, and to some extent Co and Pd, are all exceptions, combining low activation barriers for both processes, with Ni being the best possible choice.     

Flexible, long-lived, large-area, organic solar cells

We report herein large area (>10 cm²), interconnected organic solar cell modules both on glass substrates as well as on flexible ultra-high barrier foils, reaching 1.5% and 0.5% overall power conversion efficiency under AM1.5 conditions. Series connection is described, as these modules consist of up to three cells. Using our flexible barrier material, a shelf lifetime of polythiophene-based solar cells of 6000 h could be realized. Furthermore, we compare the photovoltaic performance of efficient conjugated polymer:fullerene solar cell modules with established technologies. Under typical indoor-office lighting, our modules are competitive with these systems.     

Solar optical properties of thin films of Cu, Ag, Au, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni and Al

The optical properties of metal coated glass substrates have been investigated. Thin films of various thicknessesof the noble metals: Cu, Ag, Au, the transition metals: Cr, Fe, Co, Ni and the free electron-like metal Al were thermally evaporated onto glass substrates. The front and backside reflectance and the transmittance between 0.35 and 15 μm were measured. The obtained data were used to calculate the integrated values of solar reflection and transmission as a function of metal film thickness. The application of metal films on domestic windows as sun-screens and heat-mirrors are discussed. It is concluded that Cu is the best coating in a window system if good heat insulating properties are desired. This is due to its ability to remain continuous at very thin film thicknesses. An infra-red reflectance of 86 per cent combined with a solar transmittance of 55 per cent was obtained for a 70film. For solar heat-protection Au-films are found to be superior owing to their transmittance peak in the middle of the visible wavelength region. The transition metals are less selective than the noble metals, but due to their flat response-curves in the visible range they cause a smaller change in colour of the transmitted and reflected light.     

阳光·希望·成长——2009太达杯国际太阳能建筑设计竞赛作品评析

立足于灾后重建的建筑设计,必须注重低造价、低技术策略的运用,充分利用自然资源,适应可持续发展的要求.太阳能等绿色技术的融入,丰富了建筑设计的内涵,增加了可实施性.介绍了2009国际太阳能建筑设计竞赛获奖作品从基地调研、环境应对、建筑组合到技术融入的系列构思过程,从而在灾后重建过程中通过建筑传递给人们阳光与希望.