对撞超声速射流场的数值模拟研究

为了探讨对撞式气流粉碎机内部的对撞超声速射流流场结构对粉碎过程的影响,本文中通过数值模拟的方法,对该流场结构进行了研究。通过建立不同的模型,对射流出口与对称平面的距离对粉碎过程的影响,以及射流外围的流动情况进行了分析,为高效气流粉碎机的设计提供了参考依据。     

Direct Numerical Simulation of Turbulence at Lower Costs

Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) is the most accurate, but also the most expensive, way of computing turbulent flow. To cut the costs of DNS we consider a family of second-order, explicit one-leg time-integration methods and look for the method with the best linear stability properties. It turns out that this method requires about two times less computational effort than Adams–Bashforth. Next, we discuss a fourth-order finite-volume method that is constructed as the Richardson extrapolate of a classical second-order method. We compare the results of this fourth-order method and the underlying second-order method for a DNS of the flow in a cubical driven cavity at Re= 10⁴. Experimental results are available for comparison. For this example, the fourth-order results are clearly superior to the second-order results, whereas their computational effort is about twenty times less. With the improved simulation method, a DNS of a turbulent flow in a cubical lid-driven flow at Re = 50,000 and a DNS of a turbulent flow past a square cylinder at Re = 22,000 are performed.     

电流体动力学近场直写射流成形的数值模拟

目的研究电流体动力学近场直写的射流成形机理及其规律,探索电流体动力学近场直写射流成形的影响因素。方法首先对电流体动力学近场直写的射流成形机理进行理论分析,并构建数学模型,然后以去离子水为溶剂配成质量分数为13%~17%的聚氧化乙烯作为模拟材料,采用有限元数值模拟方法进行仿真试验验证。结果在电场力作用下,液滴会发生流变形成弯液面,随着电荷密度的增大,弯液面逐渐形成泰勒锥,当电荷密度进一步增加,电场力克服了液体表面张力,在泰勒锥顶端产生射流;电压、喷射高度和入口压力等工艺参数会影响射流形态。结论电压越大或喷射高度越小,射流受到的电场力越大;入口压力越大,锥形越长;通过调整工艺参数可以改善射流形态;电流体动力学近场直写方法可实现聚合物溶液高分辨率的喷墨印刷。     

压力型雾化喷嘴射流喷雾气-液两相流数值模拟

为了研究喷雾压力和环境气流速度对射流喷雾的雾化效果及喷雾雾场的均匀性的影响,基于流体力学理论,建立压力型喷嘴喷雾的数值计算模型,利用计算流体动力学软件Fluent对喷雾雾场进行气-液两相流数值模拟研究,并通过大量的数据统计定量分析雾滴粒径的分布情况。结果表明:在喷射压力一定时,风速越大雾滴飘移能力越强,风速过大或过小都将严重影响雾化雾场的均匀性;在一定范围内喷射压力越大,雾化效果越好,所形成的雾滴平均粒径越小。     

喷雾半干法脱硫塔内射流卷吸特性的数值模拟

喷雾半干法烟气脱硫塔内射流卷吸特性对塔内烟气与吸收剂的混合以及流场分布均匀有着重要影响。该文通过数值模拟的方法,分析双流体雾化喷嘴的射流卷吸混合特性,得到喷雾半干法烟气脱硫塔内射流流场分布。结果表明：双流体雾化喷嘴在塔内流场呈现中间大两边小的对称分布,并且在靠近塔壁的两侧产生了回流;射流流体与周围气体发生动量交换,对周围气体有明显的卷吸作用,沿着射流轴线方向,射流卷吸量逐渐增加,随着伴随风量的增加,射流卷吸量也逐渐增加。     

自激振荡射流喷嘴内部流场及雾化效果的数值模拟

为了提高喷嘴的雾化效果,将液体射流的自激振荡理论与压力喷嘴雾化进行结合,建立自激振荡射流喷嘴的数值模型,并运用Fluent软件研究体腔系数和射流压力对内部流场及雾化效果的影响。结果表明:喷嘴斜壁的设计使得液体发生反弹和振荡现象,最初在喷嘴射流出口处发生原生涡环,之后逐步向四周扩散,并传动到整个喷嘴内部;随着体腔系数的增大,速度峰值呈先增大后减小的抛物线变化趋势,雾化粒度的变化规律与之相反;确定最佳的体腔系数范围为0.6~1.2,射流压力为3~5 MPa。     

科氏流量计气-液两相流的数值模拟

针对科氏流量计在测量含气-液两相的流体时,流量计随着气体含量的增加,测量稳定性逐步变差的问题,采用流固耦合有限元技术,对科氏流量计进行了模态分析和流固耦合振动分析。作为一个实例,使用该方法模拟气泡含量以及分布对测量稳定性的影响,在气泡含量1%左右时测量相对稳定,气泡含量大于5%时测量稳定性很快变差。     

连续分段运动下势流方程的数值模拟

为研究二维水槽内无旋、无粘流体在分段激励下的自由面波高和非线性,本文运用势流方程的Crank-Nicolson有限差分方法,通过改变激励参数,画出不同激励条件下自由面的波高．数值结果表明,在单一水平激励下,不同激励频率下的波高表现出规律的周期拍的现象．在分段激励下,当水平激励消失时,自由面波高拍的现象亦消失．当自由面波高为小振幅时,自由面以驻波形式作自由振动．当自由面波高为大振幅时,波峰与波谷衰减,非线性现象出现,并且波高的振幅越大,非线性现象越明显．     

Numerical Simulation and Calculation of the Process of Interaction between a Swirling Jet and Drift Flow

A mathematical model and results of numerical calculation of the process of interaction between a swirling jet and drift flow are presented in the paper. The structure of flow and the process of chemical reactions are investigated under conditions of transverse injection of a swirling jet of combustion products into a flow of fuel-air mixture. Inferences are made of the possibility of using a transversely injected jet to provide for a gasdynamic stabilization of flame in combustors of gas-turbine engines.     

Numerical simulation of separated boundary-layer flow

The numerical simulation of time-dependent, 2-D compressible boundary-layer flow containing a region of separation is studied. The separation is generated by the introduction of an adverse pressure gradient along the freestream boundary. In order to validate the numerical method, a low Mach-number laminar separation bubble flow is considered, which enables an extensive comparison with incompressible results. The generation of an adverse pressure gradient along the freestream boundary can be realized in various ways. An imposed decelerating flow boundary is compared with a suction technique. The effects of the strength of the pressure gradient and the presence of small upstream perturbations on the separation bubble are also investigated. The time-averaged characteristics of the flow are in good quantitative agreement with incompressible approximate theories predicting the condition for separation. The appearance of self-excited vortex shedding in unperturbed flows under a sufficiently strong adverse pressure gradient is consistent with incompressible flow simulations reported in the literature. The satisfactory result achieved in the calculation of the low-Mach-number flow encourages the application of the numerical method to flows with strong compressibility effects.     

复合材质杆式射流侵彻水下目标的数值模拟

为了实现聚能战斗部对水下目标的高效毁伤,在传统聚能战斗部的基础上设计了一种采用不同材料的球缺罩与偏心亚半球形罩组合的聚能战斗部。阐述了复合材质组合式聚能战斗部的结构设计及作用原理,利用有限元软件AUTODYN数值模拟了其成型及侵彻水下靶板的过程,并与传统的偏心亚半球缺式和单一材质组合式战斗部的毁伤效果进行了对比。研究表明,复合材质组合式战斗部形成的前级杆式射流侵彻水介质过程中可以为后级杆式射流开辟无耗能通道;在相同炸高下,侵彻相同厚度的水介质与靶板后,与传统杆式射流相比,复合材质杆式射流的动能衰减率最小,剩余动能提升了28.59%。该复合材质组合式聚能战斗部可以实现对水下目标的高效毁伤。     

Simulation of a DC Discharge in a Transverse Supersonic Gas Flow

This study is devoted to the investigation of a dc discharge in a transverse gas flow. It is shown that the discharge may exist in several forms depending on the gas flow velocity. The standard stationary discharge similar to a discharge in still gas is realized if the displacement rate of the plasma boundary exceeds the gas flow velocity. The displacement rate of the plasma boundary in a diffusion model is defined by the relation V _f = 2 , where D _a is the ambipolar diffusion coefficient, and _i is the frontal ionization frequency. Otherwise, the discharge assumes the form of two plasma wakes formed by the cathode and anode, respectively. The surface of the plasma wakes is oriented at an angle to the flow velocity C _s (sin = V _f /C _s ). If sin is smaller than the ratio of the discharge sustaining voltage in the stationary regime U _st to the breakdown voltage U _bk , the discharge transforms into the pulse–periodic form, when the formation of a structure of the cathode and anode plasma wakes is interrupted by a new gas breakdown. A numerical simulation of the discharge properties is performed. The numerical simulation results are compared to the experimental ones.     

低压金属有机化学气相外延生长室热流场的模拟与分析

本文运用了有限体积方法模拟了低压有机金属化学气相外延生长室的二维流场和热场的分布情况,分析了生长室内压力和基座转速对于流场和热场影响,指出了低压金属有机化学气相外延的优点所在.     

新型超音速压气机内气固两相流场CFD模拟分析

为预测和预防压气机叶轮磨损，基于多相流理论对超音速压气机内的三维气固两相流场进行数值模拟。在分析中将压气机内的流场按可压缩气体处理，同时考虑温度对颗粒运动轨迹的影响。模拟结果表明，叶片出口端部前缘，温度达到最大，颗粒的运动速度也达到最大值。由此判明叶轮磨损最严重处位于叶片端部。     

柱锥结合罩射流成型过程数值模拟研究

为了更好地研究柱锥结合罩的成型机理,建立了带壳体柱锥结合罩战斗部仿真计算模型;得出了射流头部速度与射流最大速度变化规律;并分析了时程曲线的变化趋势以及产生这种变化的原因.针对柱锥结合罩结构的特殊性,合理的选用材料模型及单元算法等参数,运用LS-DYNA 3D对射流的形成进行了数值模拟.研究结果表明:柱锥结合罩在压垮过程...     

Numerical Investigation of Phase Distribution and Liquid Turbulence Modulation in Dilute Particle-Laden Flow

Studies on the motion of particles in turbulence and interactions between particles and turbulence are extremely significant, which can help us to improve the efficiency of industrial processes. In this article, we investigated the particle distribution and particle-turbulence interaction in a solid-liquid channel flow with the Euler-Lagrange two-way model. The liquid phase was solved using direct numerical simulation (DNS), and the particle motion was tracked by Newtonian equations of motion considering effects of drag force, pressure gradient force, and gravity. Two-way coupling was used to explain the effect of particles on the turbulence structure. The results show that the local void fraction of particles indicates the wall-peaked profile, particles scatter uniformly in the spanwise direction, and the injection of particles suppresses the turbulence activities in the near wall region. Suppression of the liquid turbulence is mainly caused by vortexes decay of different sizes.     

多元平行流冷凝器数值模拟

介绍了多元平行流冷凝器的结构特点和前人的研究成果,对平行流冷凝器的流动和传热特点进行了深入分析,在此基础上运用分布参数法建立了稳态数学模型,对某种规格的平行流冷凝器在一定工况下数值模拟,计算得到不同迎面风速下平行流冷凝器流动换热情况。结果表明,多元平行流冷凝器在冷凝换热时较常规换热器具有显著优越性,迎面风速对冷凝换热的影响存在一个临界范围。     

超音速条件下基于CFD的压力探针校准特性数值模拟

对超音速条件下倒角型总压探针的校准特性进行了数值模拟研究,并对影响校准特性的关键影响量进行了分析,得到了总压系数随着位置、压力、总温、马赫数几个关键参数的变化规律。数值模拟结果和实验结果进行了对比,二者较为接近。研究结果表明,安装位置的选择对倒角总压探针总压系数影响较大,探针的安装位置越接近风洞上游,总压系数绝对值越小;倒角型总压探针总压系数的绝对值随温度和压力的升高而减小,随马赫数的升高而增大。     

喷流诱导通风系统数值模拟的模型选择

数值模拟采用的模型对计算结果有较大影响,本文利用LVEL紊流模型、标准k-ε模型和RNGk-ε模型等三种模型对喷流诱导通风系统进行了数值模拟,并与实测数据进行了比较,得到了各模型的一些应用特点。