木薯淀粉水解物发酵生产衣康酸的研究

本工作阐述利用木薯淀粉水解液发酵生产高附加值的衣康酸产品。我们选育出衣康酸高产菌株Aspergillus Terrus L-64,并通过摇瓶发酵和10L全自动发酵罐发酵实验来优化发酵条件。在35℃，初始pH3。0，通气量0．2－0．3vvm，转速200rpm的条件下发酵68h，转化率可达65％－68％。在高浓度淀粉水解物（即高糖）培养基中产酸率可高达9％以上。产品回收率为85％以上。在此基础上，我们进行了1000L发酵罐试验，结果甚佳。可见，本项目在广西木薯淀粉工业上有极大的应用潜力。     

衣康酸的生产、提纯、应用和市场

本文介绍了衣康酸的性质、用途、质量指标及生产情况,概述了近20年来用化工方法从石油化工产品中制备衣康酸的技术路线,着重介绍了一条以顺酐、甲醛为主要原料高选择地化工合成衣康酸的新工艺。对于浓度约为40g/L的衣康酸发酵液,建议用50％磷酸三丁酯为萃取剂,在室温（298．0k）下萃取,反萃取用353．0k热水。最后。对衣康酸深加工的开发研究新进展和市场情况作了介绍。     

一种新型水煤浆聚羧酸分散剂大单体的制备

为探索一种优化的聚羧酸系分散剂大单体生产工艺,以衣康酸、聚乙二醇为原料,考察了反应物配比、反应时间、反应温度、催化剂对活性大单体酯化率的影响。实验表明,较佳反应条件为:催化剂为对甲苯磺酸,n(衣康酸)∶n(聚乙二醇)=1∶1.5,反应温度为85℃,反应时间5 h。表面性能研究结果表明,该表面活性剂有较好的表面活性,在25℃下c,mc为5.01 mmol/L,在cmc时的γ=47.1 mN/m,Krafft点<0℃。     

亚硝基胍-紫外复合诱变选育高产衣康酸菌株

为提高土曲霉KYK-031发酵生产衣康酸能力,对出发菌株开展诱变育种和高产能力选育研究。采用亚硝基胍（NTG）和紫外（UV）复合诱变方法,通过平板初筛和摇瓶复筛,筛选衣康酸高产突变株。结果表明,亚硝基胍在500μg/mL浓度下的最佳诱变时间为40 min,15 W紫外诱变的最佳诱变时间为2 min,亚硝基胍-紫外复合诱变后筛选得到一株衣康酸高产菌株KYK-1035,摇瓶发酵产量为73.7 g/L,比出发菌株（41.8 g/L）提高了76.3%,糖酸转化率为63.4%。采用亚硝基胍-紫外复合诱变,提高了出发菌株诱变的正突变率,为衣康酸发酵继续放大和工业化生产奠定了基础。     

氟烷基烯酸酯改性氨基硅油的合成及其涤纶增深整理

以3-氨丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、二甲基二甲氧基硅烷为原料制得氨基硅油;以十三氟辛醇、衣康酸等为原料制得衣康酸双（十三氟辛基）酯;分别采用衣康酸双（十三氟辛基）酯、丙烯酸十三氟辛酯与氨基硅油中的伯氨基发生加成反应,制得2种含氟烯酸酯改性氨基硅油,并将其应用于涤纶织物的增深整理。研究了衣康酸双（十三氟辛基）酯改性氨基硅油中氟的质量分数和氨基的质量分数及整理工艺对涤纶织物增深整理效果的影响。衣康酸双（十三氟辛基）酯改性氨基硅油中增加氟的质量分数有利于增深率的提高,而增加氨基的质量分数却导致增深效果降低;丙烯酸十三氟辛酯改性氨基硅油对涤纶织物增深整理的最佳工艺条件为：整理剂浓度30 g/L,焙烘温度160℃,焙烘时间2 min,增深提升率达19.40%。两种改性氨基硅油对涤纶织物均有较好的增深作用。     

衣康酸介质中杂质离子对两种不锈钢腐蚀行为的影响

针对发酵法生产衣康酸过程中的腐蚀问题研究了两种不锈钢在衣康酸工况介质（发酵液）中的腐蚀行为,探讨了介质中杂质离子Ｃｌ－、Ｆｅ３＋、ＳＯ２－４等对腐蚀的影响。结果表明,随衣康酸介质中Ｃｌ－含量增加,不锈钢的腐蚀速率也增大,而其点蚀电位则随Ｃｌ－浓度的对数值增加呈线性下降;Ｆｅ３＋浓度的增大可使不锈钢／发酵液由活化体系转变成活化 钝化体系;ＳＯ２－４对不锈钢稍有缓蚀作用;在含杂质的衣康酸介质中,Ｒ１双相不锈钢的耐全面腐蚀和耐点蚀性显著优于３１６Ｌ奥氏体不锈钢。     

N—丙基—N—全氟辛基磺酰基甘氨酸盐类表面活性剂的合成方法改进与性能

以国产全氟辛基磺酰氟为原料，与正丙胺在异丙醚中50℃下反应制得到N－丙基全氟辛基磺酰胺，再与氯乙酸乙酯在碱性条件下回流缩合得N－丙基－N－全氟辛基磺酰基甘氨酸乙酯，水解后得到N－丙基－N－全氟辛基磺酰基甘氨酸，总产率79％。其锂、钠、钾盐的CMC值分别是6.72、21．66及30．79mg/L，在质量浓度为80mg/L时表面张力均降至20mN/m以下，说明该类产品具有良好的表面活性。     

衣康酸的生产、提纯、应用和市场

本文介绍了衣康酸的性质、用途、质量指标及生产情况,概述了近20年来用化工方法从石油化工产品中制备衣康酸的技术路线。着重介绍了一条以顺酐、甲醛为主要原料高选择地化工合成衣康酸的新工艺。对于浓度约为40g／L的衣康酸发酵液,建议用50％磷酸三丁酯为萃取剂,在室温（298K）下萃取,反萃取用353K热水。最后。对衣康酸深加工的开发研究新进展和市场情况作了介绍。     

在常压和沸水温度下具有高可染性及潜抗起球性的聚酯纤维

这种纤维的组织为：以芳香二羧酸和烷撑二醇作为主要成份，另含有摩尔分数为0．5％－1．5％（基于酸组分）R1O（P：O）（OR2）（OR3（式中R1R2R3＝C1－5的烷基）和5％－15％（基于酸组分）Cn≤10的脂肪羟基酸，其特性黏度为0．45－0．80，用沸水将纤维处理60min，特性黏度的保护率（R）≤90％，显示最大损耗角正切值的温度（tmax）为60－90℃，例如：将量比为1：2的H3PO4和ε－己内(I) 的 混合物进行酯化制得磷酸酯，再将磷酸酯与PET齐聚物，对苯二甲酸和乙二醇进行缩聚，制得共聚物（Ⅱ），Ⅱ含有摩尔分数为1．0％和H3PO4结构单元和8％的Ⅰ结构单元，特性黏度（以质量比为1：1的苯酚－四氯乙烷的混合物为溶剂，在20℃下测得）为0．59，然后，将II在270℃下熔融纺丝，拉伸，在190℃下热定型，制得强度4．2c/dtex,tmax为68．3℃和R为86．5％的纤维。将这种纤维的针织品用3％（基于纤维）雷索林半GRF溶液在沸水温度下染色60min，其得色量L值为17．0，抗起球额定值（JIS L－1076－1978－A）为5。     

由石油化工产品合成衣康酸

本文介绍了衣康酸的性质、用途、质量指标及生产情况,概述了近20年来用化工方法从石油化工产品制备衣康酸的技术路线,着重介绍了一条以顺酐、甲醛为主要原料高选择性地化学合成衣康酸的新工艺.对于浓度约为40g/L的衣康酸发酵液,建议用50%磷酸三丁酯为萃取剂,在室温下革取提纯,反萃取用353K热水.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。