谐振子耦合型热声驱动脉管制冷机研究

热声驱动脉管制冷机通常采用直接或者长管耦合的方式,但是因为耦合后的发动机和制冷机难以达到最佳的工作状态,耦合长管的损失也比较大,因此整体效率较低。本文提出一种热声驱动脉管制冷机结构,利用谐振子耦合热声发动机和脉管制冷机,能够显著减小声功传递损失,提升整机效率。全文针对在900 K加热温度、80 K空气液化温区下的热声驱动脉管制冷机展开理论研究,首先分析了谐振子耦合机理,并对谐振子参数进行了优化设计;其次,研究了加热温度、制冷温度和机械阻尼对系统性能影响;最后,将谐振子耦合型与长管耦合型两种方式的热声驱动制冷机进行了对比分析。结果表明:在平均压力为3MPa,加热温度为900 K,制冷温度为80 K时,谐振子耦合的热声驱动制冷机可获得整机22.5%的效率,而长管耦合的热声驱动脉管制冷机获得11.6%的效率。     

行波热声发动机驱动的脉管制冷机研究

通过改变热声发动机谐振直路长度,研究系统在不同工作频率下的性能.研究发现,在一定条件下降低频率可以显著改善脉管制冷机的性能.在工作压力为2.7 MPa,加热功率为2 350W,工作频率为45 Hz时,双向进气型单级脉管制冷机获得了80.9 K的最低制冷温度,这是目前用热声制冷方法获得的最低制冷温度.     

热声驱动脉管制冷机的压力特性

自行研制了热声驱动脉管制冷机实验台,着重研究了热声驱动脉管制冷机的压力特性,明确了充气压力对超振温度、加热温度、制冷温度、压比及夺力振幅等的影响,实验表明,自行研制的热声压缩机在驱动脉管制冷机的情况下,仍可获１．０７以上的压比,基本可以满足驱动无阀型脉管制冷机的需要,在最近进行的实验中,以氮和氦作工质,分别获得了１９６Ｋ和１３８Ｋ的无负荷制冷温度,此外,本文还提出了进一步的改进方向。     

驻波型热声压缩机驱动脉管的最新结果

热声驱动脉管制冷机中由于完全无运动部件,具有运行稳定、寿命长等优点,经过对先前已经达到138K的热声驱动脉管制冷机进行系统的改进,在国内首次使该类型的制冷机进入低温温区,以氦气为工质获得了119.7K的制冷温度,这一温度已经能够液化一个大气压表压下的天然气（主要成分：甲烷）,显示出该制冷方式广阔的应用前景,此外,研究了混合工质对热声驱动脉管制冷系统性能的影响情况,并获得了117.6K的最低制冷温度。     

热声热机实验研究进展

热声热机是基于热声效应原理的一种新型的能源转换机械,因其本质上可实现完全无运动部件以及较高的转换效率引起国内外学者的广泛关注,理论和实验研究相得益彰。较详细描述了国内外学者对驻波、行波热声发动机、热声制冷机以及热声驱动脉管制冷机的实验研究方面的一些研究成果及进展,最后对热声热机的发展方向进行了展望。     

热声热机的研究进展

对热声热机和热声脉管制冷机的发展历史和现状进行了较为全面的概述,重点阐述了热声热机和热声制冷机的理论、实验和数值仿真研究方法、研究成果,尤其对热声脉管制冷机的数值研究方法从一维数值到二维轴对称及三维数值研究模型进行较为系统的介绍。同时对热声热机的研究热点、研究方法、研究方向进行了预测,并对热声热机的三个发展方向:太阳能利用和余热利用、热声制冷系统微型化、热声驱动脉管制冷作了简要的介绍。     

热声驱动脉管制冷机的实验研究

采用热声压缩机驱动脉管制冷机,使彻底消除低温制冷机中的运动部件成为可能。作者研制了热声驱动脉管制冷机实验台,着重研究了加热温度,平均工作压力,小孔开度等主要因素对制冷机性能的影响。初步实验中,以氮作工质,获得了－３８．７℃的无负荷制冷温度,最大温降达５４．７℃。此外,还指出了进一步的改进方向,具有一定参考价值。     

压比对回热器性能影响的理论分析

采用谐波分析法,对回热器进行了模拟.针对热声发动机与线性压缩机输出压力波特性的不同,分析了输入压比对回热器性能的影响.计算了给定输入声功率、不同输入压比条件下回热器的优化尺寸,可为脉管制冷机回热器的优化设计提供参考.     

行波型热声制冷机及混合工质的实验研究

行波型热声制冷机,因采用热声发动机驱动脉冲管制冷机,使消除低温制冷机中的运动部件成为可能.作者建立了行波型热声制冷机实验装置,采用氮气、氦气及其混合气进行了行波型热声发动机与脉冲管制冷机的配合实验,获得73.8℃的最大温降.着重研究了热端气体温度、压力振幅和冷端温降的变化规律.     

高性能低温制冷机--脉管制冷机研究进展

回顾了自20世纪60年代中期至今脉管制冷机的发展历史，探讨了促使脉管制冷机从实验阶段发展成为当前最高效低温制冷的各种因素，阐述了不同形式脉管及热声制冷机的工作机理，简要介绍了近年来为减少不同组件的各种损失，从而提高其效率所作的一些改进。列举了脉管制冷机还存在的主要问题和部分应用例子。目前，脉管制冷机在80K温区的效率已经达到了卡诺效率的20％，并且获得了2K的最低制冷温度。     

An innovative configuration for thermoacoustically-driven pulse tube coolers

Obtainable lowest temperature of a thermoacoustically-driven pulse tube cooler is generally limited by the pressure ratio provided by the thermoacoustic engine with helium as working gas. It is also known that a thermoacoustic engine filled with nitrogen can generally provide much larger pressure ratio and lower frequency than the same engine filled with helium. Here we introduce an innovative system configuration which uses an elastic membrane as the interface between the thermoacoustic engine subsystem and the pulse tube cooler subsystem. The membrane can transport acoustic work from the engine to the cooler, and meanwhile separate the working gases used in respective subsystems. Through this way, it is possible for the engine to operate with nitrogen to provide larger pressure ratio and more suitable frequency for the pulse tube cooler which can still use helium as the working gas. To test this idea, a thermoacoustically-driven pulse tube cooler was built. With the innovative configuration, the pulse tube cooler reached a lowest temperature of 139 K. On the other hand, without the membrane, the PTC only achieved a lowest temperature of 186 K when using nitrogen and 145 K with helium for both the PTC and the engine.     

300 Hz脉冲管制冷机特性研究

从实验和数值计算两个方面研究了1台工作频率为300 Hz的单级脉冲管制冷机的制冷特性.实验方面,验证了平均压力、入口压比、惯性管长度以及均流化元件对其制冷性能的影响,该制冷机在平均压力为3.96 MPa、入口压比为1.21时获得了79.6 K的最低制冷温度;数值计算方面,基于线性热声理论的模拟结果与实验结果进行了比较,以验证程序的有效性.     

Investigation on a thermoacoustically driven pulse tube cooler working at 80 K

The pulse tube cooler (PTC) driven by a thermoacoustic engine can completely eliminate mechanical moving parts, and then achieves a simpler and more reliable device. A Stirling thermoacoustic heat engine has been constructed and tested. The heat engine can generate a maximal pressure ratio of 1.19, which makes it possible to drive a PTC and get good performance. Frequency is one of the key operating parameters, not only for the heat engine but also for the PTC. In order to adapt to the relatively low design frequency of the PTC, the operating frequency of the thermoacoustic heat engine was regulated by varying the length of the resonance tube. Driven by the thermoacoustic engine, a single stage double-inlet PTC obtained the lowest refrigeration temperature of 80.9 K with an operating frequency of 45 Hz, which is regarded as a new record for the reported thermoacoustically driven refrigerators.     

Characterization of a 300 Hz thermoacoustically-driven pulse tube cooler

This article introduces our recent experimental advances on a 300 Hz pulse tube cooler driven by a thermoacoustic standing-wave engine. After some modifications on the engine, the integral system performance is improved, which leads to a better cooling performance of the high frequency pulse tube cooler compared with that in former reports. Cooling powers of the pulse tube cooler with different operating conditions have been measured in detail for the first time. So far, a lowest no-load temperature of 68 K and a maximum cooling power of 1.16 W at 80 K have been obtained with the mean pressure and the heating power being 4.1 MPa and 1 kW, respectively.     

Advances in a 300 Hz thermoacoustic cooler system working within liquid nitrogen temperature range

With the combined advantages of high reliability, compact size and low electromagnetic interference, a high frequency operating thermoacoustic cooler system, i.e. a pulse tube cooler driven by a thermoacoustic heat engine, is quite promising for space applications. This article introduced a high frequency standing-wave thermoacoustic heat engine-driven pulse tube cooler system working around 300 Hz with axial length being 1.2 m. To improve the thermal efficiency of such system, an optimization has been carried out, both analytically and experimentally, by observing the influence of the dimensions of the stack, the hot buffer length and the acoustic pressure amplifier tube length. So far, a no-load temperature of 68.3 K has been obtained with 4.0 MPa helium and 750 W heating power. With 500 W heating power, a no-load temperature of 76.9 K and 0.2 W cooling power at 80 K have been achieved. Compared with former reports, the performance has been improved.     

Influence of resonance tube length on performance of thermoacoustically driven pulse tube refrigerator

A resonance tube is an important component of a thermoacoustic engine, which has great influence on the performance of the thermoacoustically driven pulse tube refrigerator. A standing wave thermoacoustic engine is simulated with linear thermoacoustics. Computed results show that an appropriate accretion of the resonance tube length may lead to a decrease of the working frequency and an increase of the pressure amplitude, which will improve the match between the thermoacoustic engine and the pulse tube refrigerator. The theoretical prediction is verified by experiments. A refrigeration temperature as low as 88.6 K has been achieved with an optimized length of the resonance tube, helium as working gas, and 2200 W of heating power.     

行波型热声发动机与脉冲管配合的实验研究

采用热声发动机驱动脉冲管制冷机，使彻底消除低温制冷机中的运动部件成为可能。作者研制了行波型热声发动机驱动脉中管制冷机实验台。进行三个脉冲管与行波型热声发动机的配合实验，着重研究了热端气体温度、冷端温降和压力振幅的变化规律。