微波辐射下无溶剂合成葡萄糖五乙酯

在微波辐射下以硫酸铝钾为催化剂无溶剂合成了葡萄糖五乙酯,考察了微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间、原料配比、催化剂用量对产率的影响.最佳条件为:辐射功率为462W,反应时间为8.0min,葡萄糖与乙酸酐的物质的量比为1:8,硫酸铝钾用量为2.0%,产率可达88.4%.     

微波辐射下无溶剂催化合成葡萄糖五乙酸酯

首次在微波辐射下以硫酸氢钾为催化剂无溶剂合成了标题化合物,考察了微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间、原料配比、催化剂用量对产率的影响.最佳条件为:辐射功率为462W,反应时间为8.0min,葡萄糖与乙酸酐物质的量比为1:7,硫酸氢钾用量为2.0%,产率可达89.5%.     

微波辐射下无溶剂合成己二酸二乙酯

微波辐射下以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂无溶剂合成了己二酸二乙酯,考察了微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间、原料配比、催化剂用量对产率的影响。最佳条件为:辐射功率为595 W,反应时间为10.0 min,己二酸与无水乙醇的摩尔比为1∶8,对甲苯磺酸用量为2.0%,产率可达85.9%。     

对甲苯磺酸催化微波合成乙酰水杨酸的研究

以水杨酸和乙酸酐为原料,以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,微波辐射合成了乙酰水杨酸,并考察了影响反应的因素.实验表明:在n(水杨酸):n(乙酸酐)=1:1.7,催化剂用量为水杨酸质量的2.5%,微波输出功率为151W,辐射时间为60s,产率可达91.2%.     

微波辐射无溶剂体系中硅胶负载铌酸催化合成α-D-葡萄糖五乙酸酯

研究了在硅胶负载铌酸的催化条件下,以葡萄糖和乙酸酐为原料,通过微波辐射,无溶剂合成了-αD-葡萄糖五乙酸酯。考察了微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间、糖酐摩尔比及催化剂用量等因素对反应的影响。确定了其最佳反应条件为:取0.1 mol葡萄糖,n(葡萄糖)∶n(乙酸酐)=1.0∶6.0,催化剂用量为0.4 g/0.1 mol葡萄糖,微波功率280 W,反应时间10 min在此条件下酯收率可达94.1%。     

微波辐射法合成对羟基苯甲酸丁酯

对羟基苯甲酸与正丁醇在对甲苯磺酸催化下,微波幅射法合成对羟基苯甲酸丁酯。优化的反应条件为n对羟基苯甲酸∶n正丁醇∶n对甲苯磺酸=1∶2∶0.1,微波辐射功率500W,辐射时间30min,产率为97%。     

微波法合成阿司匹林

以水杨酸和乙酸酐为原料,采用微波辐射法,比较了浓硫酸、三氯化铝和无水碳酸钠这3种催化剂的催化效果,快速合成了阿司匹林,较优化合成工艺条件为: 以三氯化铝为催化剂, 催化剂用量为水杨酸的3%,反应物n(乙酸酐):n(水杨酸)=2.5:1,微波辐射功率为320 W,辐射时间为60 s,产率可达81.4%.     

微波辐射合成对乙酰氨基酚的研究

以对氨基苯酚和乙酸酐为原料,以锌粉为抗氧化剂,以活性炭为脱色剂,以稀乙酸为反应介质,采用微波辐射技术合成对乙酰氨基酚。探索了不同反应条件对产率的影响。实验表明,当n(对氨基酚)∶n(乙酸酐)为1∶1.3,反应介质稀乙酸体积浓度为4%,微波辐射功率为500 W,反应时间为17 m in,反应温度为105℃时,产率可达82.1%。     

对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的微波辐射合成法研究

对羟基苯甲酸与正丁醇在对甲苯磺酸催化下,微波辐射法合成对羟基苯甲酸丁酯。考察了酯化反应的各种影响因素,优化的反应条件为:n(对羟基苯甲酸)∶n(正丁醇)=1∶2,微波辐射功率500 W,微波辐射时间30 m in,对羟基苯甲酸丁酯产率为97%。     

微波辐射下乙酸柏木酯的合成

采用微波辐射技术,以复合磷酸(磷酸与乙酸组成)为催化剂,柏木脑和乙酸酐为原料,合成乙酸柏木酯。研究了影响酯化反应的因素,并对产品进行了分析和鉴定。通过正交试验得出最佳的反应条件为:柏木脑(柏木脑用量 5.55 g)与乙酸酐的物质的量之比1:1.5,催化剂用量 0.010 g,微波辐射功率 450 W,辐射时间 20 min。在此条件下,平均酯化产率为 74.6%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.