后整理工艺对精纺粗花呢起毛起球的影响

影响织物起毛起球的因素很多，主要有纤维特性、纱线结构、织物参数、后整理工艺及穿着条件等。在众多的影响因素中，后整理工艺对织物抗起毛起球性的影响十分显著。文章对后整理工艺中的抗起毛起球剂浓度、柔软剂浓度、焙烘温度、焙烘时间4个因子进行了理论分析，提出了精纺粗花呢抗起毛起球的最佳整理工艺条件。选择最佳整理工艺条件，不但可以提高织物的抗起毛起球性能，同时也能改善织物的其它性能，这在实际工作中有着积极的意义。     

毛纺产品抗起毛起球整理及测试标准

文章对毛织物起毛起球现象进行了分析,在此基础上对毛织物的抗起毛起球整理工艺进行了探讨和实践.毛织物抗起毛起球的基本方法有蛋白酶法和树脂整理法,文章介绍了这2种方法在精纺面料和粗纺绒衫上的使用,经整理后的织物,抗起毛起球效果可以提高0.5～1级.文章同时还介绍了国标中的抗起毛起球测试方法.     

聚乙烯乳液柔软剂应用实践

在免烫整理中,聚乙烯乳液柔软剂作为纤维强力保护剂,可增强织物的撕破强力和耐磨强度;在抗起毛起球整理中,聚乙烯乳液柔软剂可协助抗起毛起球剂提高织物的抗起毛起球效果.文中介绍了聚乙烯乳液柔软剂的特性及其在生产实践中的应用情况.     

织物抗起毛起球整理及抗起毛起球剂ATP的应用

论及织物起毛起球的过程、影响因素、整理工艺及效果的评定、自制抗起毛起球剂ATP的应用结果表明：整理织物的抗起毛起球等级能提高1.5—2级，且耐久性良好。     

羊毛织物抗起毛起球影响因素与整理工艺概述

起毛起球现象严重影响了羊毛服饰的服用质量,在保证羊毛原有优良性能的基础上有效防止起毛起球一直是毛纺行业的难题之一.探讨了导致羊毛织物易起毛起球的主要因素,介绍了羊毛抗起毛起球整理工艺的发展和现状.     

低温等离子体处理羊毛织物功能性整理的研究

用小型实验室和大型生产化低温等离子体设备对羊毛织物进行处理,并对羊毛织物的亲水性、抗静电性、易去污性、抗起毛起球性、防缩性、拒水拒油性进行了性能测试.结果表明,低温等离子体处理对羊毛织物的亲水性、抗静电性、易去污性、抗起毛起球性、防缩性、拒水拒油性有着显著的效果,这对于提高羊毛织物的附加值有着积极的意义.实验还表明低温等离子体处理与其它整理剂结合使用,可以提高整理剂的功效及功能整理的效果.     

线性聚醚嵌段氨基硅油改性水性聚氨酯抗起毛起球剂的合成及其应用

为改善羊绒针织物的抗起毛起球性能,以聚四氢呋喃醚二醇为软段,二羟甲基丙酸为亲水性扩链剂,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯为硬段,线性聚醚嵌段氨基硅油（LEPS）为改性剂,制备了改性水性聚氨酯（WPU）整理剂。借助傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、动态热机械分析仪与滚箱式起毛起球实验仪等,对改性WPU 的结构和性能进行表征。结果表明：LEPS 改性明显提高了WPU 胶膜的柔顺性,改性WPU 整理羊绒针织物的起毛起球等级由2 ～ 3 级提高至4 级,整理织物手感柔软;与未整理织物相比,整理织物色差较小,摩擦色牢度相当;整理织物的静电衰减时间由8.7 s 缩短至2.7 s,整理效果的耐久性能良好     

粘胶针织物起毛起球性能研究

采用3种测试方法对不同织物结构和整理加工参数的粘胶交织针织物进行了起毛起球测试试验,研究了其起毛起球性能测定结果.试验结果表明,纱线烧毛能有效提高织物的抗起毛起球性能,而酵素洗涤整理并不能改善粘胶交织针织物的抗起毛起球性能.     

莫代尔针织面料的抗起毛起球整理

选用了一种纤维素酶、三种柔软剂和两种抗起毛起球整理剂对莫代尔针织面料进行抗起毛起球整理。结果表明,经纤维素酶处理后,再用改性2D树脂或柠檬酸进行抗起毛起球整理,整理织物抗起毛起球效果好,加入柔软剂会降低抗起毛起球效果。最佳整理工艺为：Cellusoft CR酶用量3%（omf）,柔软剂618N 1%（omf）,pH 值5～8,55 ℃处理45 min。再用8 g/L树脂或柠檬酸及次亚磷酸钠各10 g/L,在40 ℃处理20 min,烘干后在140 ℃下焙烘2 min。织物经整理后,抗起毛起球等级可达4级以上。     

精纺毛织物抗起毛起球整理工艺研究

对精纺毛织物进行抗起毛起球整理,采用正交试验设计方法,研究整理剂用量、浸泡温度、浸泡时间以及烘干温度对织物起毛起球的影响.研究得出:在精纺纯毛织物抗起毛起球整理实验中,各因素影响的主次顺序为试剂用量、浸泡温度、浸泡时间、烘干温度,α=0.05时,整理剂用量和浸泡温度对实验结果影响显著,浸泡时间和烘干温度的影响不显著;抗起毛起球整理最佳工艺为整理剂用量15%,浸泡温度40～45℃,浸泡时N20 min、烘干温度85℃;整理后织物的透气性明显增大,织物的悬垂系数有所增加,手感的变化不明显,水洗一定次数不影响织物的抗起毛起球效果.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the