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1.
Modern business process management expands to cover the partner organisations’ business processes across organisational boundaries,
and thereby supports organisations to coordinate the flow of information among organisations and link their business processes.
With collaborative business processes, organisations can create dynamic and flexible collaborations to synergically adapt
to the changing conditions, and stay competitive in the global market. Due to its significant potential and value, collaborative
business processes are now turning to be an important issue of contemporary business process management, and attracts lots
of attention and efforts from both academic and industry sides. In this paper, we review the development of B2B collaboration
and collaborative business processes, provide an overview of related issues in managing collaborative business processes,
and discuss some emerging technologies and their relationships to collaborative business processes. Finally, we introduce
the papers that are published in this special issue.
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2.
Efficient collaboration allows organizations and individuals to improve the efficiency and quality of their business activities.
Delegations, as a signif icant approach, may occur as workflow collabora tions, supply chain collaborations, or collaborative
commerce. Role-based delegation models have been used as flexible and efficient access management for collaborative business
environments. Delegation revocations can provide significant functionalities for the models in business environments when
the delegated roles or permissions are required to get back. However, problems may arise in the revocation process when one
user delegates user U a role and another user delegates U a negative authorization of the role. This paper aims to analyse various role-based delegation revocation features through
examples. Revocations are categorized in four dimensions: Dependency, Resilience, Propagation and Dominance. According to
these dimensions, sixteen types of revocations exist for specific requests in collaborative business environments: DependentWeakLocalDelete,
Dependent WeakLocalNegative, DependentWeakGlobalDelete, DependentWeakGlobalNegative, IndependentWeak LocalDelete, IndependentWeakLocalNegative,
Inde pendentWeakGlobalDelete, IndependentWeakGlobal Negative, and so on. We present revocation delegating models, and then
discuss user delegation authorization and the impact of revocation operations. Finally, comparisons with other related work
are discussed.
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3.
This paper discusses a study in supporting collaborative military planning in which groupware, video-conferencing and a desktop Collaborative Virtual Environment (CVE) were used. It discusses the design and implementation of the CVE and the setup and execution of the study using questionnaires and observation. The results of the study questionnaires showed that the CVE was not seen by users as the best of the ways offered to support collaborative planning; these results are discussed and their implication for the design of such a CVE are assessed. 相似文献
4.
We examine the relationship between firms’ human resources (HR) practices and their information technology (IT) practices,
focusing on the dichotomy between autonomy and control. We define facilitating HR practices as those that exhibit the following characteristics: worker autonomy, connectedness, learning, valuing individuals, trust,
and flexibility in business processes. We then characterize facilitating IT practices, which are practices that facilitate employee collaboration, autonomy, and wider access to information. We contrast these
categories of practice to traditional HR and monitoring IT, respectively. Drawing from theories of complementarities and configuration, we propose that alignment between HR and IT
strategies originates at the level of individual practices. We consider the effects of this alignment on worker performance.
We then ground our discussion in exploratory empirical and qualitative results.
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5.
Collaborative elasticity is the capability of a collective to sustain coherence and sufficient order, even when encountering unexpected and adverse operating conditions. This capability is increasingly important in todays dynamic and time-pressed world. Drawing on distributed cognition and collective mind theory, this conceptual paper presents a taxonomy of six dimensions that determine collaborative elasticity and may explain organizational breakdowns: individual cognition, relating and relationships, repertoire of routines, knowledge for collaboration, organizational roles and communications. The paper focuses on High Reliability Organizations (HRO) where people work with advanced technologies and routinely face potential danger. The objective of this conceptual paper is to explore why these organizations have to operate elastically, and what may cause them to breakdown. The findings support practitioners involved in HROs. For researchers, the study defines and frames the concept of collaborative elasticity using distributed cognition and collective mind theory. The paper concludes with pointers for further research. 相似文献
6.
PECOLE (Peer-to-pEer COLlaborative Environment) is a fully decentralized multimedia collaborative environment that supports
a wide range of collaborative multimedia applications, including chat, shared browsing, shared telepointer, multipoint-to-multipoint
audio/video conferencing and multilingual collaboration. PECOLE can intelligently run on very constrained resources, is highly
resilient, scalable and does not rely on dedicated servers. Instead, PECOLE is built upon a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) overlay network,
using SUN’s JXTA framework and SWT technology. In this paper, we present the architecture and implementation of PECOLE with
the performance results of the tests we conducted.
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7.
We present a study of using camera-phones and visual-tags to access mobile services. Firstly, a user-experience study is described in which participants were both observed learning to interact with a prototype mobile service and interviewed
about their experiences. Secondly, a pointing-device task is presented in which quantitative data was gathered regarding the speed and accuracy with which participants aimed and clicked
on visual-tags using camera-phones. We found that participants’ attitudes to visual-tag-based applications were broadly positive,
although they had several important reservations about camera-phone technology more generally. Data from our pointing-device
task demonstrated that novice users were able to aim and click on visual-tags quickly (well under 3 s per pointing-device
trial on average) and accurately (almost all meeting our defined speed/accuracy tradeoff of 6% error-rate). Based on our findings,
design lessons for camera-phone and visual-tag applications are presented.
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8.
This paper provides an analysis of the collaborative work conducted at a multidisciplinary medical team meeting, where a patient’s
definitive diagnosis is agreed, by consensus. The features that distinguish this process of diagnostic work by consensus are
examined in depth. The current use of technology to support this collaborative activity is described, and experienced deficiencies
are identified. Emphasis is placed on the visual and perceptual difficulty for individual specialities in making interpretations,
and on how, through collaboration in discussion, definitive diagnosis is actually achieved. The challenge for providing adequate
support for the multidisciplinary team at their meeting is outlined, given the multifaceted nature of the setting, i.e. patient
management, educational, organizational and social functions, that need to be satisfied.
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9.
Synchronous collaborative environments can provide an identical visual and operable working area among geographically separated
participants. There are two basic approaches for providing a shared workspace. They are collaborative-aware approach and collaborative-unaware
approach. Since the second approach allows single-user applications to be reused, most users choose to use it. Our work is
based on the collaborative-unaware environment. This paper describes the design and implementation of some transparent synchronous
collaborative tools. They are: (1) the latecomer support for Java applications, Java applets and JMF players (2) the client
synchronization to minimize data transmission latency and (3) the lightweight multi-session support to let different collaboration
groups work at the same time. These tools optimize existing transparent synchronous collaboration systems and make them more
realistic, more complete and more generic.
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10.
Collaborative product commerce (CPC) solutions span software and services which permit individuals to share product data to
improve the design, development, and management of products throughout the product development lifecycle. Drawing upon prior
developments in adaptive structuration theory (AST) and media richness theory, I develop a theoretical framework to better
understand the role of CPC in enabling collaboration in a product development environment. I study the impact of CPC on product
design and development processes using a cross-sectional survey of 36 firms. The study reveals that CPC usage varies across
different phases of the product development lifecycle. Preliminary results indicate that CPC has enabled firms to collaborate
effectively with external stakeholders, which has resulted in tangible business benefits. I conclude by developing several
research propositions which provide a roadmap for conducting future empirical research to measure the impact of CPC on product
development, and highlight potential research topics that can be explored.
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11.
This paper describes the simulated car racing competition that was arranged as part of the 2007 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary
Computation. Both the game that was used as the domain for the competition, the controllers submitted as entries to the competition
and its results are presented. With this paper, we hope to provide some insight into the efficacy of various computational
intelligence methods on a well-defined game task, as well as an example of one way of running a competition. In the process,
we provide a set of reference results for those who wish to use the simplerace game to benchmark their own algorithms. The paper is co-authored by the organizers and participants of the competition.
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12.
Nowadays data mining plays an important role in decision making. Since many organizations do not possess the in-house expertise
of data mining, it is beneficial to outsource data mining tasks to external service providers. However, most organizations
hesitate to do so due to the concern of loss of business intelligence and customer privacy. In this paper, we present a Bloom
filter based solution to enable organizations to outsource their tasks of mining association rules, at the same time, protect
their business intelligence and customer privacy. Our approach can achieve high precision in data mining by trading-off the
storage requirement.
This research was supported by the USA National Science Foundation Grants CCR-0310974 and IIS-0546027.
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13.
There are only a few ethical regulations that deal explicitly with robots, in contrast to a vast number of regulations, which
may be applied. We will focus on ethical issues with regard to “responsibility and autonomous robots”, “machines as a replacement
for humans”, and “tele-presence”. Furthermore we will examine examples from special fields of application (medicine and healthcare,
armed forces, and entertainment). We do not claim to present a complete list of ethical issue nor of regulations in the field
of robotics, but we will demonstrate that there are legal challenges with regard to these issues.
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14.
We provide the complete record of methodology that let us evolve BrilliAnt, the winner of the Ant Wars contest. Ant Wars contestants are virtual ants collecting food on a grid board in the presence
of a competing ant. BrilliAnt has been evolved through a competitive one-population coevolution using genetic programming
and fitnessless selection. In this paper, we detail the evolutionary setup that lead to BrilliAnt’s emergence, assess its
direct and indirect human-competitiveness, and describe the behavioral patterns observed in its strategy.
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15.
A distributed approach is described for solving lineality (or linearity) space ( LS) problems with large cardinalities and a large number of dimensions. The LS solution has applications in engineering, science, and business, and includes a subset of solutions of the more general extended linear complementarity problem (ELCP). A parallel MATLAB framework is employed and results are computed on an 8-node Rocks based cluster computer using
Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs) and the MPICH2 Message Passing Interface (MPI). Results show that both approaches perform comparably
when solving distributed LS problems. This indicates that when deciding which parallel approach to use, the implementation details particular to the
method are the decisive factors, which in this investigation give MPICH2 MPI the advantage.
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16.
Global communication is essential to industry, research and education. The Access Grid (AG) is a suite of hardware, software,
and tools to facilitate communication and collaboration over the Internet. These resources are used at over 500 institutions
worldwide to support group-to-group interactions across the Grid including collaborative research work sessions, tutorials,
lectures, large-scale distributed meetings and training. This paper will provide an overview of the technology to encourage
professionals to integrate benefits and tools of the Grid into their instruction and research. Furthermore, this paper will
compare this new technology to more traditional videoconferencing and distributed collaborative working environments. Lastly,
it will present issues and challenges that must be addressed to incorporate this momentous technology within the classroom
and for collaboration throughout the world.
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17.
Support vector machines (SVMs) have been promising methods for classification and regression analysis due to their solid mathematical
foundations, which include two desirable properties: margin maximization and nonlinear classification using kernels. However,
despite these prominent properties, SVMs are usually not chosen for large-scale data mining problems because their training
complexity is highly dependent on the data set size. Unlike traditional pattern recognition and machine learning, real-world
data mining applications often involve huge numbers of data records. Thus it is too expensive to perform multiple scans on
the entire data set, and it is also infeasible to put the data set in memory. This paper presents a method, Clustering-Based SVM (CB-SVM), that maximizes the SVM performance for very large data sets given a limited amount of resource, e.g., memory. CB-SVM applies
a hierarchical micro-clustering algorithm that scans the entire data set only once to provide an SVM with high quality samples.
These samples carry statistical summaries of the data and maximize the benefit of learning. Our analyses show that the training
complexity of CB-SVM is quadratically dependent on the number of support vectors, which is usually much less than that of
the entire data set. Our experiments on synthetic and real-world data sets show that CB-SVM is highly scalable for very large
data sets and very accurate in terms of classification.
A preliminary version of the paper, “ Classifying Large Data Sets Using SVM with Hierarchical Clusters”, by H. Yu, J. Yang, and J. Han, appeared in Proc. 2003 Int. Conf. on Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD'03), Washington, DC, August 2003. However, this submission has substantially extended the previous paper and contains new and
major-value added technical contribution in comparison with the conference publication.
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18.
In mobile ad hoc peer-to-peer (M-P2P) networks, economic models become a necessity for enticing non-cooperative mobile peers
to provide service. M-P2P users may issue queries with varying constraints on query response time, data quality of results
and trustworthiness of the data source. Hence, we propose ConQuer, which is an economic incentive model for the efficient processing of constraint queries in M-P2P networks. ConQuer also
provides incentives for peer collaboration in order to improve data availability. The main contributions of ConQuer are three-fold. First, it uses a broker-based economic M-P2P model for processing constraint queries via a Vickrey auction mechanism. Second, it proposes the CR*-tree, a dynamic
multidimensional R-tree-based index for constraints of data quality, trust and price of data to determine target peers efficiently.
The CR*-tree is hosted by brokers, who can sell it to other peers, thereby encouraging the creation of multiple copies of the index for facilitating routing. Third, it provides
incentives for peers to form collaborative peer groups for maximizing data availability and revenues by mutually allocating
and deallocating data items using royalty-based revenue-sharing. Such reallocations facilitate better data quality, thereby further increasing peer revenues. Our performance
study shows that ConQuer is indeed effective in answering constraint queries with improved response time, success rate and
data quality, and querying hop-counts.
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19.
The paper discusses the conventions used by medical practitioners to improve their collaboration mediated by Clinical Records.
The case study focuses on the coordinative conventions identified in two wards of an Italian hospital and highlights their
role and importance in the definition of the requirements of any system supportive of collaborative work practices. These
requirements are expressed in terms of the provision of artifact-mediated information that promotes collaboration awareness.
The study identified several kinds of Awareness Promoting Information (API): the paper discusses how they can be conveyed
both in the web of documental artifacts constituting a Clinical Record and in its computer-based counterpart, the Electronic
Patient Record (EPR). The paper ends with the implications for the design of EPRs and for their integration with Hospital
Information Systems in light of the findings.
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20.
E-learning systems have gone through a radical change from the initial text-based environments to more stimulating multimedia
systems. Such systems are Collaborative Virtual Environments, which could be used in order to support collaborative e-learning
scenarios. The main aim of this paper is to aid educational designers in selecting, designing and evaluating three dimensional
collaborative virtual environments in order to gain the pedagogical benefits of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning.
Therefore, this paper initially discusses the potential of three dimensional networked virtual environments for supporting
collaborative learning. Furthermore, based on a two-step platform selection process this paper (a) presents and compares three
dimensional multi-user virtual environments for supporting collaborative learning and (b) validates the most promising solution
against a set of design principles for educational virtual environments. According to these principles, an educational environment
has been implemented on top of the selected platform in order to support collaborative e-learning scenarios. The design of
this environment is also presented. In addition, this paper presents the results of three small scale studies carried out
in a tertiary education department, to assess the educational environment. This environment has been evaluated based on a
hybrid evaluation methodology for uncovering usability problems, collecting further requirements for additional functionality
to support collaborative virtual learning environments, and determining the appropriateness of different kinds of learning
scenarios.
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