Experimental study on concrete filled elliptical/oval steel tubular stub columns under compression

A concrete filled elliptical/oval steel tubular (CFEST) member consists of elliptical/oval steel tube and in-filled concrete. The CFEST member is a new type of steel–concrete composite member and is part of a family of concrete filled steel tubular members known as CFT. The present study aims to investigate, experimentally, the characteristics of CFEST stub columns under centric loading. The main test parameters selected are diameter-to-thickness and diameters ratios of elliptical/oval steel tube. From the results, local buckling of the elliptical/oval steel tube associated with shear failure of in-filled concrete could be observed. Axial loading capacity decreased as diameter-to-thickness ratio increased. Whereas, those capacities normalized by the summation of the individual strengths, namely the elliptical/oval steel tube and in-filled concrete strengths, are regulated in case the diameter-to-thickness ratio becomes larger. Finally, a method to predict the axial loading capacity induced by confinement effects of the in-filled concrete is proposed.     

局部加载下中空夹层钢管混凝土的试验研究

对局部受压下的中空夹层钢管混凝土进行试验研究。分别对含内外两层钢管的14个圆形构件和15个方形试件进行试验,试验参数包含:空心率、顶端板厚度、局压面积比。结果表明:局部受压下中空夹层钢管混凝土呈现延性。各试验参数对局部受压中空夹层钢管混凝土短柱的性能和破坏模型有很大影响。最后,提出分析局部受压下中空夹层钢管混凝土承载力的简化计算模型。     

Investigation on square concrete filled double-skin steel tube (CFDST) subjected to local bearing force: Experiments

Experimental studies on the behaviour of concrete filled double-skin steel tube (CFDST) subjected to local bearing forces are presented in this paper. Sixteen specimens were prepared and tested with the included angle between bearing member (BM) and compression member of 45° and 90°, whilst both the inner and outer steel tubes of the CFDST specimens are square hollow sections (SHS). The main parameters in the tests were: 1) outside width ratio between BM and compression member: from 0.4 to 0.6; 2) hollow ratio of CFDST: from 0 to 0.6; 3) wall thickness of outer steel tube: 3.05 mm and 3.95 mm; and 4) cross-section of BM: solid and hollow. The failure pattern, load versus deformation curve, bearing capacity and corresponding deformation at bearing capacity of the tested specimens are presented and analyzed. The experimental results show that, while subjected to local bearing forces, CFDST specimens have a high bearing capacity and a good deformation-resistant ability. The calculated bearing capacities of CFDST under local bearing forces using the proposed formulae in the paper are evaluated by comparison with the experimental results.     

组合T形截面钢管混凝土柱偏心受压试验研究

在分析各种异形钢管混凝土柱工程应用的基础上,提出组合T形截面钢管混凝土柱。考虑长细比、偏心距等参数的影响,设计制作18个组合T形钢管混凝土柱试件。通过偏心受压试验,对长细比16.0<λ≤28.8的组合T形钢管混凝土柱压弯性能进行研究,考察试件的破坏形态,实测试件的荷载-应变曲线和荷载-柱中挠度曲线,分析各参数对试件偏心受压力学性能的影响。通过试验数据回归分析,参考国内外相关规范,提出组合T形截面钢管混凝土柱偏心受压承载力计算公式。试验结果表明：偏心受压柱均为弯曲失稳破坏,长细比越大,弯曲破坏特征越明显;偏心距越大,试件极限承载力越低。研究表明,组合T形钢管混凝土柱的两个组成部分能很好地协同工作,力学性能较好;所提出的承载力计算公式可供工程设计参考。图10表3参8     

钢管自密实混凝土短柱的有限元分析

钢管自密实混凝土在工程结构中得到了广泛的应用.通过理论分析,建立了轴心受压钢管自密实混凝土短柱的承载力计算公式.并借助有限元分析软件ANSYS,考虑了钢管与混凝土两种材料本构关系的非线性,对轴心受压钢管自密实混凝土短柱进行了大量的非线性有限元分析,建立了钢管自密实混凝土短柱在轴心压力作用下的非线性有限元计算模型.通过数值模拟,对提出的轴心受压钢管自密实混凝土短柱的承载力计算公式得出的结果进行了验证,发现计算结果与有限元分析结果吻合良好.     

波纹侧板-方钢管混凝土柱轴压性能研究

为研究波纹侧板-方钢管混凝土柱轴压性能,进行了1个1/2缩尺试件轴压试验,对其受力机理、破坏模式进行分析,发现该类柱具有较好的延性及较高的承载能力。同时对波纹侧板-方钢管混凝土柱进行了有限元分析,分析结果表明:由于波纹板具有较高的侧向刚度,使核心混凝土能够得到较好的约束,但是波纹板基本不承担轴向荷载;破坏形式为钢管局部屈曲、波纹板向外鼓曲、钢管内混凝土及核心混凝土被压碎;随着波纹板厚度增加,承载力、延性提高;随着波纹板强度提高,延性略有提高,对承载力影响不大;承载力随混凝土强度提高而提高,但是延性变差。提出了波纹侧板-方钢管混凝土柱轴压承载力实用计算式,计算值与有限元分析值、试验值吻合较好。     

Tests on stub stainless steel-concrete-carbon steel double-skin tubular (DST) columns

A new type of composite member, a stainless steel-concrete-carbon steel double-skin tubular (DST) column, is introduced in this paper. This composite member is expected to combine the advantages of all three types of materials, and have additional advantages of esthetics and resistance to corrosion that outer stainless steel offers. A series of tests are performed to investigate the performance of the composite column, and a total of 80 specimens were tested. The main parameters of the tests are the sectional type (circular, square, round-end rectangular and elliptical), the column type (straight, inclined and tapered), and the hollow ratio of the composite section (from 0.5 to 0.75). The results show that all types of columns behaved in a ductile manner, and the mechanical behavior is similar to those columns with double carbon steel tubes. A simplified model for the prediction of the stainless steel-concrete-carbon steel double-skin tubular (DST) columns cross-sectional strengths is suggested as well.     

Performance and calculations of concrete filled steel tubes (CFST) under axial tension

This paper reports the behavior of concrete filled steel tubes (CFST) under axial tension. A total of 18 specimens were tested. The main parameters were steel ratio, concrete type and bond or unbonded between the steel tube and its core concrete. A finite element model (FEM) was developed to perform mechanism analysis and parametric studies for CFST under axial tension. It was found that the tensile strength of steel tube can be increased due to the existence of the core concrete in CFST. Finally, a simplified formula that can predict the tensile strength was proposed.     

钢管混凝土偏压格构柱长细比影响试验研究

进行了钢管混凝土格构柱偏心受压试验,试验参数为长细比。介绍了试验的情况和过程,对柱肢钢管纵向应变、环向应变、缀管的纵向应变等进行了分析。研究结果表明,随长细比的增加,钢管混凝土格构柱的极限承载力逐渐降低。柱肢以受轴压为主,属于小偏压构件。近载侧的柱肢在试件进入非线性后紧箍效应开始发生作用。缀管的受力较小且都处在弹性阶段。受缀管的影响,节点处柱肢钢管环向应变很大,它是引起柱肢钢管撕裂从而导致试件破坏的主要原因。     

方钢管再生混凝土长柱偏心受压承载性能试验研究

为了研究方钢管再生混凝土偏心受压长柱的受力性能,设计了15个试件进行静载试验,考虑了再生粗骨料取代率、长细比和偏心距3个变化参数。通过试验得到了试件的破坏形态、荷载-位移曲线、荷载-应变曲线、截面应变分布情况以及试件的承载力等重要数据,对再生粗骨料取代率、长细比、偏心距等变化参数对方钢管再生混凝土偏心受压长柱承载性能的影响进行分析,利用国内外相关规程的计算方法对方钢管再生混凝土偏心受压长柱承载力进行计算,并与试验实测结果对比分析。研究结果表明：方钢管再生混凝土偏心受压长柱的承载力、破坏形态、变形特性、截面应变分布与普通方钢管混凝土偏心受压长柱相似,方钢管再生混凝土偏压长柱同样具有良好的承载力和变形能力,试件的承载力随着长细比和偏心距的增大而减小,而再生粗骨料取代率对其影响不大,根据规程DBJ 13-51-2003得到的方钢管再生混凝土长柱承载力的计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。研究结果可为方钢管再生混凝土的进一步研究和推广应用提供参考。     

Strength and ductility of stiffened thin-walled hollow steel structural stub columns filled with concrete

It is generally expected that inner-welded longitudinal stiffeners can be used to improve the structural performance of thin-walled hollow steel structural stub columns filled with concrete. Thirty-six specimens, including 30 stiffened stub columns and six unstiffened ones, were tested to investigate the improvement of ductile behaviour of such stiffened composite stub columns with various methods. The involved methods include increasing stiffener height, increasing stiffener number on each tube face, using saw-shaped stiffeners, welding binding or anchor bars on stiffeners, and adding steel fibres to concrete. It has been found that adding steel fibres to concrete is the most effective method in enhancing the ductility capacity, while the construction cost and difficulty will not be increased significantly.     

Experimental and computational study of concrete filled steel tubular columns under axial loads

The paper presents an experimental and computational study on the behaviour of circular concentrically loaded concrete filled steel tube columns till failure. Eighty-one specimens were tested to investigate the effect of diameter and D/t ratio of a steel tube on the load carrying capacity of the concrete filled tubular columns. The effect of the grade of concrete and volume of flyash in concrete was also investigated. The effect of these parameters on the confinement of the concrete core was also studied. Diameter to wall thickness ratio between 25<D/t<39, and the length to tube diameter ratio of 3<L/D<8 was investigated. Strength results of Concrete Filled Tubular columns were compared with the corresponding findings of the available literature. Also a nonlinear finite element model was developed to study the load carrying mechanism of CFTs using the Finite Element code ANSYS. This model was validated by comparison of the experimental and computational results of load-deformation curves and their corresponding modes of collapse. From the experimental and computational study it was found that for both modes of collapse of concrete filled tubular columns at a given deflection the load carrying capacity decreases with the increase in % volume of flyash up to 20% but it again increases at 25% flyash volume in concrete.     

#br# 偏压荷载下钢管混凝土柱的抗扭性能试验研究

自重和水平地震作用将对曲线梁桥中墩梁固结的墩柱和拱桥钢管混凝土结构的主拱产生偏压和扭转复合效应。为研究钢管混凝土柱在偏压荷载作用下的抗扭性能,完成了8个不同截面形状钢管混凝土柱试件单调纯扭加载、往复纯扭加载和偏压-往复扭转加载拟静力试验。试验结果表明：钢管混凝土柱在往复扭转作用下的滞回曲线较为饱满,没有“捏拢”现象产生,试件的强度和刚度的损伤退化程度较低,具有较好的耗能能力。矮柱试件破坏现象较高柱试件更为明显,矮柱试件的屈服转角小于高柱,屈服扭矩与高柱相差不大,极限承载力大于高柱,极限转角小于高柱,耗能能力比高柱更好。偏压-往复扭转荷载作用下的方形截面试件刚度退化较为明显,偏压作用导致方钢管混凝土柱试件耗能能力降低。极限状态下,偏压作用改变了钢管的褶皱角度。     

Effects of debonding on circular CFST stub columns

Core concrete subjected to confinement effect from steel tube is the main advantage of concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) column under compression. However, this beneficial composite action could be weakened even destroyed by debonding, which is almost unavoidable as a common phenomenon in CFST structures and has not been considered satisfactorily by current design codes. In this paper, the influence of debonding on circular CFST stub columns was investigated experimentally and numerically. The main experimental parameters were the debonding arc-length ratio, the confinement factor and the load mode. Meanwhile, the finite element models were implemented using the ABAQUS finite element software, of which the validity and accuracy were verified by test results. Utilising the finite element model, the parametric analysis was carried out to study the influence of the following parameters on the ultimate load capacity of debonding specimens: debonding arc-length ratio, debonding thickness and confinement factor. Based on the results of parametric analysis, a simplified calculation formula was proposed to calculate the ultimate load capacity of circular CFST stub columns with debonding.     

Behaviour of flush end plate joints to concrete-filled steel tubular columns

This paper presents the results of an experimental program for bolted moment connection joints of circular or square concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) columns, and H-shaped steel beams using high-strength blind bolts. In order to investigate the static performance and failure modes of the blind bolted connection, an experimental program was conducted involving four sub-assemblages of cruciform beam-to-column joints subjected to monotonic loading. Moment-rotation relationships of the tested connections were obtained and their performance was evaluated in terms of their stiffness, moment capacities and ductility. The test parameters varied were the column section type and the thickness of the end plate. The results showed that the proposed blind bolted connection, which behaves in a semi-rigid and partial strength manner according to the EC3 specification, displays reasonable strength and stiffness. The rotation capacity of this type of connection to square or circular CFST columns exceeds 70 mrad and this satisfies the ductility requirements for earthquake-resistance in most aseismic regions. The blind bolted connection is shown to be a reliable and effective solution for moment-resisting composite frame structures.     

Behaviour of concrete-filled steel tubular stub columns subjected to axially local compression

The behaviour of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) stub columns subjected to axially local compression was experimentally investigated in this paper. A total of thirty-two specimens were tested. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) sectional types: circular and square; (2) local compression area ratio (concrete cross-sectional area to local compression area): 1.44 and 16; and (3) thickness of the endplate: from 2 to 12 mm. A finite element analysis modelling was used for the analysis of CFST stub columns subjected to axially local compression, and a comparison of results calculated using this modelling shows generally good agreement with the test results. The theoretical modelling was then used to investigate the mechanism of the composite columns subjected to axially local compression.     

Analysis of axially loaded concrete filled circular hollow double steel tubular columns exposed to fire

A series of new unified design formulas for calculating the temperature field and fire resistance under axial compressive loading of a circular solid or hollow concrete filled double steel tubular (CFDST) short and slender columns exposed to fire are presented in this paper. The results of the experiments are firstly derived from exploring the fundamental behavior of the CFSDT slender columns under the ISO 834 standard fire and temperature distributions. Failure modes and axial deformation versus time curves are also obtained and discussed. It was realized that a solid or slender CFDST column has different temperature fields, stronger limiting temperature and better fire resistance, as compared to columns filled with plain concrete. Also, the load ratio and steel ratio have no evident difference between the results of the solid and hollow CFDST columns. A three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) model is developed to calculate the temperature field of CFDST columns. After calibration of the FE model, the influences of important parameters on the temperature field of the composite columns are investigated and a unified formula for calculating average temperatures of the columns’ cross-section is obtained. Combining the average temperature with the “Unified theory” under axial compression, a simplified design method is put forward, which provides a unified formulation for both the plain CFST and CFDST columns relating to the axial bearing capacity at room and elevated temperature. The proposed formulas are calibrated through comparisons with fire tests on the columns, and it was found that the method produces safe results on average.     

氯盐腐蚀下钢管混凝土方柱的承载力试验研究

对氯盐腐蚀下钢管混凝土方柱的承载性能进行试验研究。试验包含28个试件(17根短柱和11根梁),主要参数为腐蚀情况下的荷载比(0～0.75)及腐蚀状况(无腐蚀、完全腐蚀及部分腐蚀)。根据试验结果,对荷载及腐蚀对钢管混凝土和钢管性能的影响进行分析,并将按现有规范DBJ/T13-51-2010及EC4-2004计算的极限承载力与试验进行对比分析。     

Concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) columns subjected to long-term sustained loading

This paper carried out a series of tests on concrete-filled double skin steel tubes (CFDST) columns under long-term sustained loading condition. The test process included two stages, i.e. long-term service test and ultimate strength test. Numerical models on analysis of the CFDST column under long-term sustained loading were presented. A comparison of results calculated using these models showed generally good agreement with the test results. Additionally, a detailed analysis was performed to analyse the long-term behaviour of CFDST columns. Finally, simplified formula for calculating the ultimate strength of CFDST columns subjected to long-term sustained loading was proposed.     

Flexural performance of rectangular CFST members

This paper presents a finite element analysis (FEA) modeling to study the flexural performance of rectangular concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) members with compact, non-compact or slender element sections. Seventy test results are used to verify the FEA modeling. Generally good agreements were achieved in the ultimate bending capacity and the curvilinear trends of the moment versus mid-span deflection relations of the composite member between the experimental results and the FEA results. The FEA modeling is then used to investigate the residual failure patterns of the core concrete, the typical residual deformations of outer steel tube and the stress and strain distributions across the composite section in the whole loading procedure. Analysis results show that interaction of steel and concrete in the composite beam offers stress redistribution in steel and concrete which makes the rectangular CFST beam have high flexural capacity and ductility. Finally, the reliability analysis method is used to calibrate the existing design formulae on composite beam in EC4 (2004), AISC (2010) and DBJ/T13-51-2010 (2010). It was found that all the design formulae achieved adequate reliability index.