Production of Fast Dyeings on Resin-treated Wool

The dyeing properties of wool treated with Hercosett 57 resin to render it machine-washable have been studied. It has been shown that this reactive highly basic resin can greatly improve the dyeability of wool. Reactive dyes have excellent properties on this wool. Differential-dyeing and fully continuous dyeing processes, using the special properties of Hercosett-treated wool, have been studied.     

Effectiveness Factors for Explosive Reactive Armour Systems

The space and mass effectiveness of explosive reactive armours (ERA) can be compared either with the penetration in a semi-infinite target of RHA, or with an inert ERA, respectively with a spaced plate arrangement. The paper gives a clear information of the two different definitions which are demonstrated by tests performed with a large and a small shaped charge, respectively with a KE round from type APDS-FS.     

Color Changes of Dyeings in Spectrophotometers Using Heterochromatic Illumination

In Spectrophotometers using heterochromatic illumination (so-called reversed optics), total spectral radiance factor curves of textile dyeings showed marked changes on repeated measurements, approaching equilibrium after 15–20 min. For reactive dyes on cotton, color differences as large as 5 Adams-Nickerson (AN) units were observed between the first and last measurements; for disperse dyes on polyester, the differences were below 2 AN units. They result from evaporation of water from the substrate— hence, “hygrochromism” —and place a principal limit on measurement accuracy of hygroscopic fabrics when using polychromatic illumination.     

Some Observations on the Cause and Cure of Skittery Pad Dyeings on Wool

Skittery pad dyeings are caused by the tendency of all liquids to break up into beads when applied to thin filaments. This effect can be overcome by adding to the dye-liquor a surface-active agent capable of forming strong films. These stretch between adjacent fibres, ensuring continuous contact between the liquid and the fibre and, thus, relatively even distribution of dye.     

Random Errors in Dyeing — The Relative Importance of Dyehouse Variables in the Reproduction of Dyeings

The effects of random variations in all aspects of the dyeing process are considered in terms of the visual differences from target of the dyed material and the statistical chances of being within certain tolerance limits at the first attempt. This work is supported by a study of the accuracy with which dye is presented to substrate in bulk dyeing and this shows that two major causes of irreproducibility are the faulty weighing of dye and the inaccurate measurement of volume. This conclusion is based on work done with the co-operation of four large dyehouses and there is no reason to suppose that their performance in these respects is grossly misrepresentative of the trade as a whole.     

低碳经济下再论活性染料短流程湿蒸轧染染色工艺

本文介绍了活性染料短流程湿蒸连续轧染染色工艺的特点。是继1990年作者首次发表有关该工艺的理论与实践后,再次对该工艺进行评述,详细阐明湿短蒸工艺的理论基础和影响因素,并以翔实的生产实践数据说明该工艺从固色率、化学品排放和能源节约都超过常规轧蒸工艺。     

低碳经济下再论活性染料短流程湿蒸轧染染色工艺(续)

本文介绍了活性染料短流程湿蒸连续轧染染色工艺的特点。是继1990年作者首次发表有关该工艺的理论与实践后,再次对该工艺进行评述,详细阐明湿短蒸工艺的理论基础和影响因素,并以翔实的生产实践数据说明该工艺从固色率、化学品排放和能源节约都超过常规轧蒸工艺。     

含新的乙烯砜活性基的染料中间体及其衍生的活性染料(续)

本文简述了活性染料的发展,介绍了新的活性染料中间体的结构和合成方法,以及由它们合成的活性染料。     

含新的乙烯砜活性基的染料中间体及其衍生的活性染料

本文简述了活性染料的发展,介绍了新的活性染料中间体的结构和合成方法,以及由它们合成的活性染料.     

Reactive Processing and Polymer

Polymer additives are primarily responsible for the ultimate properties and performance of commodity polymers which are being used increasingly in demanding applications. the physical loss of additives from the polymer substrate is a major limitation to the traditional method of incorporating additives into polymers. the relatively low degree of permanence of additives is undermined further during in-service performance of polymers under aggressive environments. Loss and migration of additives is, therefore, a major concern to the manufacturing industry because of adverse effects on polymer performance and durability as well as the inherent lexicological consequences of migrating additives, especially in medical and food applications. This paper explores the use of reactive processing to achieve the desired degree of permanence and substantivity of polymer additives. This method has been exploited to chemically bind additives to the polymer backbone. By comparison with conventional procedures, reactively processed polymers are superior.     

橙色活性染料的合成及其与活性黑KN-B拼色的研究

本文以J酸为偶合组分合成了22只橙色活性偶氮染料，研究了其中一些染料的合成工艺。指出了染料中游离的J酸增加，会使染料的色光偏红，偶合反应最终pH升高是由于作为缚酸剂的碳酸钠分解逸出二氧化碳所致。活性橙1，2与活性黑KN-B分别以1：4.95,1:4.73的配比拼色可以使活性黑KN-B的乌黑度大幅提高。     

可渗透反应墙反应材料研究进展

可渗透反应墙(PRB)技术是一种经济高效的被动地下水污染原位修复技术,被认为是最有潜力的地下水处理技术之一.污染地下水流经PRB墙体时,污染物被墙体内的反应材料截留或降解,实现污染物的去除,因此,PRB材料的研发是该技术的研究热点.迄今为止,基于种类众多的反应材料,PRB已被成功用于多种污染物的去除.本文在分类阐述PR...     

Arrested Reactive Milling Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium‐Nitrate Based Reactive Composites

Arrested reactive milling was used to synthesize three composite powders using sodium nitrate as an oxidizer, and magnesium, aluminum, and mechanically alloyed aluminum‐magnesium (Al_0.5Mg_0.5) as respective fuels. Both magnesium and aluminum powders formed flakes with varying thickness from hundreds of nm to several μm sandwiched between sodium nitrate particles. Three‐dimensional composite and nanocomposite particles were formed with Al Mg mechanically alloyed powder. No change in the crystallinity of any components was observed from X‐ray diffraction patterns of the composite materials. Materials were characterized using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and simultaneous thermogravimetry (TG), carried out in argon. In composite materials, the decomposition of sodium nitrate starts at lower temperatures than for pure sodium nitrate. Weight loss is observed to start at relatively low temperatures. The most significant exothermic events occur at substantially higher temperatures, and therefore in a material that may have been significantly altered from its initial state. The results of thermal analysis indicate that the composite with mechanically alloyed Al Mg powder is most stable at low temperatures. Ignition of the prepared composites was studied using a thin layer of powder coated on an electrically heated filament. These experiments showed that the composite with mechanically alloyed Al Mg powder ignites at lowest temperatures and thus is expected to have the shortest ignition delays in practical applications. The emission spectra of the prepared composites burning in air are presented.     

反应型乳化剂的合成及性能

反应型乳化剂(RE)既具有优良的乳化功能,又可与反应体系内的单体共聚.以聚乙二醇、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯为原料,加入一定量的丙烯酰胺,合成了RE,并用FT-IR、特性黏度测试等手段,表征了这种反应型乳化剂的化学结构,并对其浊点、乳化性能进行了研究.     

Reactive Hot-Pressing of Clays and Alumina

The temperature, pressure, and time dependence of bulk density and the compressive strength of clay and boehmite compacts subjected to reactive hot-pressing were determined. The strength and the bulk density are linearly related to the extent of the dehydroxylation reaction which occurs during reactive hot-pressing. In decomposition reactions the reactivity (for interparticle bond formation) and mobility (for densification) may result from the broken bonds and resultant unsatisfied valence links produced by the reaction. On the basis of this postulation, the following empirical relation, correlating the functional relation between strength or density and temperature and pressure was obtained: Application of this equation to the data obtained experimentally produced energy values, for both densification and interparticle bonding, which are much less than that of the activation energy or the enthalpy of the reaction involved. The different energy values for interparticle bonding and densification are believed to indicate different controlling modes for these processes.     

反应型表面活性剂的类型及应用

综述了国外目前研究及应用所涉及到的反应型表面活性剂的种类。反应型表面活性剂的应用不但可以大大改善产品的性能,而且扩大了表面活性剂的应用范围,故它的出现为表面活性剂的合成及应用开辟了一个新的广阔的领域。     

Reactive Dyes Containing Phosphonic and Carboxylic Acid Reactive Groupings and Their Reactions with Cellulose

Factors influencing the fixation efficiency on cotton of reactive dyes containing phosphonic and carboxylic acid groupings have been briefly investigated and inferences made. Reactions of some carboxylic acids with some alcohols, including acetylcellulose, in the presence of carbodiimides, including cyanamide and dicyandiamide, have also been undertaken and the reaction products analysed and quantified by n.m.r. and micro-analytical techniques. The results of these studies have given a strong indication of the dye-fibre product formed when a carboxylated dye is reacted with cellulose in the presence of a carbodiimide. High-temperature steam fixation of dye in the presence of cyanamide and dicyandiamide has in addition been studied. The level of dye fixation achieved by high-temperature steaming was found to be partly limited by hydrolytic deactivation of carbodiimide under such conditions, while loss of carbodiimide by thermal decomposition has been identified as the single most important factor which limits the optimum level of dye fixation on baking.     

Reactive Compatibilization of Polypropylene and Nylon

Studies have been carried out on the compatibilization of polypropylene and nylon using maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (Polybond? 3002). Solution and FTIR studies on the resin indicated that the compatibilizer reacted with nylon. The usefulness of the compatibilizer has been demonstrated for the recycling of shredded industrial carpet waste containing polypropylene and nylon. The mechanical properties and morphology of the extruded resin from carpet are reported.     

反应性微凝胶的制备与应用

聚合物微凝胶是分子内交联并具有轻度网络结构的高分子微粒,通过聚合反应和后处理,可在微凝胶中引入羧基、羟基、磺酸基和氨基等反应性基团成为反应性微凝胶。反应性微凝胶具有良好的施工性能、涂膜性能及耐久性能,主要用于涂料或对涂料进行改性。主要介绍了反应性微凝胶的性能、合成方法及应用。