香露兜粉对大鼠致畸性研究

目的评价食用香露兜粉对人体的母体毒性、胚胎毒性和致畸性。方法采用GB 15193.14—2015《食品安全国家标准致畸试验》中的方法,将已受孕的SD大鼠随机分为溶媒对照组、阳性对照组以及香露兜粉样品高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组(分别为2.50、1.25和0.60 g/kg BW),每组16只。于受孕第6天～第15天,采用灌胃方式经口给予受试物,溶媒对照组用等量纯水,阳性对照组腹腔注射环磷酰胺15 mg/kg。受孕第20天处死孕鼠,检查、解剖并记录胎鼠的畸形情况。结果香露兜粉各剂量组均未见母体毒性、胚胎毒性和致畸作用,各项指标与溶媒对照组比较,均未发现明显异常,整体分析不具有剂量-反应关系趋势。阳性对照组大鼠有明显的胚胎毒性和致畸毒性。致畸作用的未观察到有害作用剂量(NOAEL)为2.50 g/kg BW。结论在本研究条件下,未见香露兜粉样品具有母体毒性、胚胎毒性和致畸作用。     

原花青素白藜芦醇浆亚慢性毒性评价及抗氧化功能研究

评价原花青素白藜芦醇浆亚慢性毒性,并初步研究其抗氧化功能,为开发其保健功效提供科学依据。采用大鼠90天喂养试验对原花青素白藜芦醇浆的亚慢性毒性进行评价,并在实验末采血测定血清抗氧化指标。90天喂养试验结果显示花青素白藜芦醇浆对大鼠各项指标未产生毒副作用,其最大无作用剂量(NOAEL)大于7.5 g/kg·BW。雌、雄大鼠各剂量组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平均有2个~3个剂量组显著高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01),高剂量组雌、雄大鼠血清丙二醛(MDA)含量低于对照组(P0.01)。原花青素白藜芦醇浆在本实验条件下未见有亚慢性毒性,血清抗氧化指标检测结果提示原花青素白藜芦醇浆具有一定抗氧化功能。     

黄芪茎叶的安全性毒理学评价

为评价黄芪茎叶的急性毒性、遗传毒性及亚慢性毒性,为黄芪茎叶安全应用提供实验依据,采用国家标准食品安全性毒理学评价程序和方法标准对黄芪茎叶进行急性经口毒性试验、三项遗传毒性试验及90 d亚慢性毒性试验研究。发现雌雄大小鼠急性经口LD50>250.00 g/kg BW,属实际无毒级。三项遗传毒性试验结果显示检测结果均为阴性,未见致突变作用。大鼠90 d经口毒性试验显示,试验期间各组动物生长发育良好,未见中毒表现和体征,大鼠眼部检查、体重、增重、进食量、食物利用率、血液学及血生化、尿常规、脏器重量及脏体比等指标均未见损害性影响,解剖及组织学观察也未见明显与试验因素有关的病理组织学变化,未观察到有害作用剂量为15.00 g/kg BW。结果表明黄芪茎叶在本条件剂量下安全无毒。     

食叶草粉对SD大鼠的致畸性研究

目的探究食叶草粉对SD大鼠的母体毒性、胚胎毒性和致畸性。方法受孕SD大鼠按体重随机分组,每组不少于16只,设溶剂对照组(蒸馏水)和食叶草粉低、中、高剂量组(分别为0.42、0.84、1.67 g/kg.BW)。在受孕第6~15d,每日以10mL/kg.BW灌胃给予受试物或等量蒸馏水。观察、记录孕鼠临床表现和体重,于孕期第20 d称重并处死母鼠,检查孕鼠妊娠情况和胎鼠发育状况,包括黄体数、死胎数、吸收胎数、活胎数,胎仔性别、体重、体长、尾长,观察有无骨骼畸形和内脏畸形。结果将各剂量组的各项指标与溶剂对照组指标进行比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论食叶草粉在本实验条件下对SD大鼠无母体毒性、胚胎毒性和致畸性。     

动力源胶囊的安全性评价研究

目的对抗运动疲劳功能食品动力源胶囊进行安全性评价研究。方法采用限量法测定急性毒性试验,给予KM小鼠受试物最大剂量1 0 g/kg·BW后,观察14天内有无动物死亡,计算半数致死量(LD50)。应用30 d喂养试验观察可能的亚慢性毒性,分别设2670 mg/kg·BW、1330 mg/kg·BW、670 mg/kg·BW)剂量组和蒸馏水空白对照组,灌胃给予SD大鼠受试物30 d,观察和记录SD大鼠的生长发育情况、摄食量、食物利用率、血液学指标、血液生化指标和脏器病理检查。结果急性毒性试验观察期内受试动物未出现任何异常表现及死亡,表明样品无毒;在30 d喂养试验中各组大鼠给予不同剂量的动力源胶囊30 d后,其血液生化学检查、脏器称量结果表明,各检验项目的实验组与对照组比较均差异不显著。病理组织学检查结果表明对照组和各剂量组雄、雌性大鼠的肝、脾、肾、胃、肠、睾丸(卵巢)均未见与实验因素有关的病理组织学变化,表明30 d喂养试验未见其对受试动物有毒性损害作用。结论动力源胶囊使用安全。     

芦荟汁液浓缩干品(90 d)亚慢性毒性研究

为观察芦荟汁液浓缩干品的亚慢性毒性,选用健康断乳SD大鼠96只,随机分为4组,每组24只,雌雄各半,分别灌喂给予芦荟汁液浓缩干品0、1.65、3.3、6.6 g/kg BW,连续90 d.结果表明,芦荟汁液浓缩干品使大鼠排便量增加,粪便松软;雄性3个剂量组大鼠体重增长明显缓慢(P<0.05)、食物利用率降低(P<0.01),雌性体重无明显影响,3.3、6.6 g/kg BW剂量组食物利用率下降(P<0.05);血液学指标,肝、肾功能,血糖、血脂等生化指标无明显影响;尿NAG、ALP酶活性显著升高(P<0.01).病理检查,芦荟汁液浓缩干品引起肾小管上皮、肠系膜淋巴结、结肠粘膜固有层色素沉积,肾通透性增强.6.6 g/kg BW剂量组出现1例肾母细胞瘤,1.65 g/kg BW剂量组出现1例肾非典型增生,肝、脾、睾丸(或卵巢)等脏器未见有意义的病理损伤.本实验条件下,芦荟汁液浓缩干品有作用剂量为1.65 g/kg BW(芦荟甙330 mg/kg BW).     

发酵法L-丙氨酸大鼠90天喂养试验研究

目的研究发酵法L-丙氨酸对大鼠的亚慢性毒性和最大无作用剂量。方法依据《食品安全性毒理学评价程序和方法》进行试验,采用4周龄清洁级健康离乳SD大鼠96只,雌雄各半,随机分为4组,分别给予发酵法L-丙氨酸0.00、1.25、2.50、5.00 g/kg BW掺入基础饲料连续喂饲90 d。第45天眼内眦静脉采血进行血常规检测;第90天采血测定血常规及生化指标,取肝、脾、肾、睾丸、卵巢称重并计算其脏体比,并对大脑、小脑、心、胸腺、肺、肝、肾、肾上腺、脾、胃、十二指肠、睾丸、卵巢、子宫等进行病理学检查。结果各剂量组动物活动、生长正常,末期体重、总进食量、总食物利用率,以及脏器绝对重量、脏体比与对照组相比差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);试验中、末期血常规和血生化指标均未发现有意义的异常改变;病理学检查未见与受试物有关的病理改变。结论发酵法L-丙氨酸对雌、雄大鼠亚慢性毒性试验未观察到有害作用剂量(NOAEL)分别为5.56、4.58 g/kg BW。     

参茸酒的食用安全性研究

通过动物试验评价参茸酒的食用安全性。依据《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》(2003年版)相关方法对参茸酒进行大、小鼠急性经口毒性试验、3项遗传毒性试验(Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验)、大鼠30 d喂养试验。试验结果显示,大鼠、小鼠急性经口MTD值15000 mg/kg·BW,属无毒级;3项遗传毒性试验未见参茸酒致突变作用;30 d喂养试验,3个剂量组雌、雄大鼠的每周体重、每周进食量、每周食物利用率、总食物利用率、脏体比值、血液学指标和末期血生化指标与15%vol基酒对照组比较,雌鼠中剂量组单核细胞、雄鼠3个剂量组总蛋白显著升高(P0.01,P0.01,P0.01,P0.05),其他指标均无显著性差异(P0.05);除大鼠自发病变外未引起脏器组织中毒性损伤。参茸酒在本试验条件下未显示有急性毒性、遗传毒性或亚急性毒性。     

大豆肽胶囊的安全性毒理学评价

为探讨大豆肽胶囊的安全性,根据我国卫生部《保健食品检验与评价技术规范(2003年版)》进行了大豆肽胶囊的急性毒性试验、遗传毒性试验和30天喂养试验。结果表明:大豆肽胶囊对雌雄性小鼠急性经口毒性试验的LD50均大于20 g/kg·BW,属无毒级。遗传毒性试验中的小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸变试验、小鼠Ames试验结果均为阴性。30 d喂养试验结果表明:采用受试样品1.25、2.5、5.0 g/kg·BW剂量分别对大鼠连续喂养30 d,大鼠未见中毒症状和死亡,各剂量组大鼠体重、摄食量、增重、食物利用率、脏器绝对重量、脏体比、血液学、生化学及组织病理学等指标与对照组比较,均无显著性差异(P0.05)。通过以上实验可以判定大豆肽胶囊无任何毒副作用。     

怀地黄提取物对大鼠的致畸性研究

目的 研究怀地黄提取物对无特定病源体(specific pathogen free, SPF)级SD (Sprague-Dawley)大鼠的胚胎毒性与致畸毒性。方法 受孕的雌鼠按体重随机分为5组: 怀地黄提取物低、中、高剂量组[分别为0.5、2.0、8.0 g/(kg·BW)]、阴性对照组(等容量蒸馏水)和阳性对照组[13 mg/(kg·BW)维生素A]。在受孕第6~15 d, 每天灌胃给予受试物, 试验期间记录大鼠孕期体重, 并于孕期第20 d处死母鼠, 剖腹取出子宫称量子宫连胎重, 检查并记录黄体数、活胎数、吸收胎数及死胎数。同时记录活胎仔的体长、体重, 检查活胎仔的外观、骨骼和内脏的发育情况。结果 怀地黄提取物各剂量组大鼠体重增重、胎鼠体重、胎鼠外观畸形率、胎鼠骨骼畸形率、胎鼠内脏畸形率均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。高剂量组胎鼠体长极显著降低(P<0.01), 下降率为1.4%, 无毒理学意义。低、中、高剂量组未观察到明显的孕鼠、胎鼠毒性, 未发现致畸作用。结论 在本研究条件下, 未发现怀地黄对SD大鼠的母体毒性、胚胎毒性和致畸毒性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the