针对选址问题的一种遗传算法改进探究

选址问题是现代地理信息资源配置的重要研究领域之一,通用性强、鲁棒性高的遗传算法可以较好地解决这类问题。常用方法是使用二进制编码的遗传算法对栅格数据地图进行选址。为克服二进制编码的标准遗传算法在解决选址问题过程中易陷入早熟的缺点,在研究了使用不同算子、引入观测概念这两大类解决标准遗传算法陷入早熟问题的方法后,针对选址问题的特点,选择了引入多样性测度与应用小生境技术对遗传算法进行改进,并深入探究了引入多样性测度与应用小生境技术后,遗传算法解决选址问题的过程中准确性、在线性能函数、离线性能函数的改善;接着提出了进一步改进小生境技术的方法,使得遗传群体中的每一个个体都参与遗传操作,并且避免了两个相同的个体参与交叉操作的情况。最后通过地图选址实验,将改进的小生境遗传算法与多样性测度结合,成功提高了遗传算法的性能。     

An accelerated K-means clustering algorithm using selection and erasure rules

The K-means method is a well-known clustering algorithm with an extensive range of applications,such as biological classification,disease analysis,data mining,and image compression.However,the plain K-means method is not fast when the number of clusters or the number of data points becomes large.A modified K-means algorithm was presented by Fahim et al.(2006).The modified algorithm produced clusters whose mean square error was very similar to that of the plain K-means,but the execution time was shorter.In this study,we try to further increase its speed.There are two rules in our method:a selection rule,used to acquire a good candidate as the initial center to be checked,and an erasure rule,used to delete one or many unqualified centers each time a specified condition is satisfied.Our clustering results are identical to those of Fahim et al.(2006).However,our method further cuts computation time when the number of clusters increases.The mathematical reasoning used in our design is included.     

一种基于抗原软子空间聚类的否定选择算法*

否定选择算法（NSA）是免疫检测器生成的重要算法,传统否定选择算法在亲和力计算过程中未考虑不同种类抗原关键特征与冗余特征之间的差异性,存在算法检测性能较低的问题。对此,提出了一种基于抗原软子空间聚类的否定选择算法（ASSC-NSA）。该算法首先利用抗原软子空间聚类计算出不同种类抗原的各个关键特征及其权值,随后通过这些关键特征引导检测器生成以有效地减少冗余特征的影响,从而提高算法检测性能。实验结果表明,在BCW与KDDCup数据集上,相对于经典的否定选择算法,ASSC-NSA能在误报率无明显变化的情况下显著地提高检测率。     

面向多模态函数优化的回溯克隆选择算法

针对多模态函数优化问题,提出了一种基于回溯机制的改进克隆选择算法--回溯克隆选择算法（BCSA）,采用改进回溯机制和记忆库抗体抑制策略,保持了抗体的多样性,以增强算法的全局搜索能力;通过改进动态变异、选择与交叉操作提高算法收敛速度。典型的多模态函数测试结果表明：回溯克隆选择算法具有优良的全局搜索能力和搜索效率。     

数据流分类中的增量特征选择算法

概念流动的出现及数据的高维性增加了数据流特征选择的复杂性。信息增益是最有效的特征选择算法之一,但计算量大。对信息增益做了等价替换,提出一种基于改进信息增益的混合增量特征选择(IFS)算法。该算法首先利用与分类器无关的评价函数选出候选特征集合,然后将分类器作用于候选特征集合,利用分类精度作为评价标准去选择特征子集,在遇到概念漂移时重新选择特征子集。通过在超平面数据集和UCI数据集上的实验,表明基于IFS算法的分类器能够很快地适应概念漂移,并且比基于全部特征的分类算法有更高的精度。     

求解合作伙伴选择问题的高效蚁群算法

敏捷制造中的合作伙伴优化选择问题属于组合优化领域的NP-hard问题,随着规模的增大,应用传统的方法求解非常困难,甚至不可能.对敏捷制造中的合作伙伴选择问题进行了分析,建立了数学模型,设计了一个适合求解该问题的蚁群算法.实验结果表明,该算法求解效率高,性能稳定.     

适应值共享对遗传算法选择概率的影响分析

研究了采用遗传算法进行多蜂函数优化时引入适应值共享机制对选择概率的影响。引入种群共享因子这一参数，描述个体选择概率、小生境中多个个体的选择概率之和在适应值比例选择策略下的变化情况。分析和仿真实验表明，适应值共享可在一定程度上保持种群多样性，适应值函数的取值范围将对优化结果产生较大的影响。     

An algorithm for data-driven bandwidth selection

The analysis of a feature space that exhibits multiscale patterns often requires kernel estimation techniques with locally adaptive bandwidths, such as the variable-bandwidth mean shift. Proper selection of the kernel bandwidth is, however, a critical step for superior space analysis and partitioning. This paper presents a mean shift-based approach for local bandwidth selection in the multimodal, multivariate case. The method is based on a fundamental property of normal distributions regarding the bias of the normalized density gradient. This paper demonstrates that, within the large sample approximation, the local covariance is estimated by the matrix that maximizes the magnitude of the normalized mean shift vector. Using this property, the paper develops a reliable algorithm which takes into account the stability of local bandwidth estimates across scales. The validity of the theoretical results is proven in various space partitioning experiments involving the variable-bandwidth mean shift.     

基于聚类的小生境克隆选择算法

基于聚类的小生境克隆选择算法是针对小生境克隆选择算法计算复杂、参数设置困难等缺点而提出的。新算法删除了计算复杂度较大的抑制算子,引入聚类算子,并对算法的部分流程进行了调整。新算法不仅计算复杂度降低,而且无需预知峰的个数等先验知识,仅根据样本数据即可找到全部峰值点。仿真实验验证了C-NCSA的完全收敛性;并且通过与小生境克隆选择算法的对比实验证明：在相同的实验条件下,C-NCSA的执行时间比NCSA明显降低。     

An experimental study on methods for the selection of basis functions in regression

A comparative study is carried out in the problem of selecting a subset of basis functions in regression tasks. The emphasis is put on practical requirements, such as the sparsity of the solution or the computational effort. A distinction is made according to the implicit or explicit nature of the selection process. In explicit selection methods the basis functions are selected from a set of candidates with a search process. In implicit methods a model with all the basis functions is considered and the model parameters are computed in such a way that several of them become zero. The former methods have the advantage that both the sparsity and the computational effort can be controlled. We build on earlier work on Bayesian interpolation to design efficient methods for explicit selection guided by model evidence, since there is strong indication that the evidence prefers simple models that generalize fairly well. Our experimental results indicate that very similar results between implicit and explicit methods can be obtained regarding generalization performance. However, they make use of different numbers of basis functions and are obtained at very different computational costs. It is also reported that the models with the highest evidence are not necessarily those with the best generalization performance.     

免疫克隆选择算法求解柔性生产调度问题

为减少计算复杂度,将具有解决复杂组合优化问题的免疫克隆选择算法应用于求解柔性生产调度问题.首先设计一种有效的抗原和抗体的数据结构,用抗原表示待调度的生产计划,抗体表示高效的柔性生产调度结果;然后着重设计了用于产生高效的柔性生产调度结果的克隆免疫算子;最后运用该模型对一个实际生产系统进行仿真调度决策,实验评估结果验证了算法的正确性和有效性.     

A genetic algorithm for a bicriteria supplier selection problem

In this paper, we discuss the problem of selecting suppliers for an organisation, where a number of suppliers have made price offers for supply of items, but have limited capacity. Selecting the cheapest combination of suppliers is a straightforward matter, but purchasers often have a dual goal of lowering the number of suppliers they deal with. This second goal makes this issue a bicriteria problem – minimisation of cost and minimisation of the number of suppliers. We present a mixed integer programming (MIP) model for this scenario. Quality and delivery performance are modelled as constraints. Smaller instances of this model may be solved using an MIP solver, but large instances will require a heuristic. We present a multi-population genetic algorithm for generating Pareto-optimal solutions of the problem. The performance of this algorithm is compared against MIP solutions and Monte Carlo solutions.     

A new multi-objective algorithm for a project selection problem

Project selection problem is an incessant problem, which every organization face. It, in fact, plays a key role in prosperity of the company. Meta-heuristic methods are the well-reputed methods which have been employed to solve a variety of multi-objective problems forming the real world problems. In this paper, a new multi-objective algorithm for project selection problem is studied. Two objective functions have been considered to maximize total expected benefit of selected projects and minimize the summation of the absolute variation of allotted resource between each successive time periods. A meta-heuristic multi-objective is proposed to obtain diverse locally non-dominated solutions. The proposed algorithm is compared, based on some prominent metrics, with a well-known genetic algorithm, i.e. NSGA-II. The computational results show the superiority of the proposed algorithm in comparison with NSGA-II.     

Immune clonal selection algorithm for capacitated arc routing problem

In existing metaheuristics for solving the capacitated arc routing problem, traversal local search operators are often used to explore neighbors of the current solutions. This mechanism is beneficial for finding high-quality solutions; however, it entails a large number of function evaluations, causing high computational complexity. Hence, there is a need to further enhance the efficiency of such algorithms. This paper proposes a high-efficiency immune clonal selection algorithm for capacitated arc routing instances within a limited number of function evaluations. First, an improved constructive heuristic is used to initialize the antibody population. The initial antibodies generated by this heuristic help accelerate the algorithm’s convergence. Second, we show how an immune clonal selection algorithm can select in favor of these high-quality antibodies. By adopting a variety of different strategies for different clones of the same antibody, it not only promotes cooperation and information exchanging among antibodies, but also increases diversity and speeds up convergence. Third, two different antibody repair operations are proposed for repairing various kinds of infeasible solutions. These operations cause infeasible solutions to move towards global optima. Experimental studies demonstrate improved performance over state-of-art algorithms, especially on medium-scale instances.     

A memetic algorithm for the travelling salesperson problem with hotel selection

In this paper, a metaheuristic solution procedure for the travelling salesperson problem with hotel selection (TSPHS) is presented. The metaheuristic consists of a memetic algorithm with an embedded tabu search, using a combination of well-known and problem-specific neighbourhoods. This solution procedure clearly outperforms the only other existing metaheuristic in the literature. For smaller instances, whose optimal solution is known, it is able to consistently find the optimal solution. For the other instances, it obtains several new best known solutions.     

An optimal algorithm for the on-line closest-pair problem

We give an algorithm that computes the closest pair in a set ofn points ink-dimensional space on-line, inO(n logn) time. The algorithm only uses algebraic functions and, therefore, is optimal. The algorithm maintains a hierarchical subdivision ofk-space into hyperrectangles, which is stored in a binary tree. Centroids are used to maintain a balanced decomposition of this tree.These authors were supported by the ESPRIT II Basic Research Actions Program, under Contract No. 3075 (project ALCOM).This author was supported in part by the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada.     

An efficient algorithm for the collapsing knapsack problem

The collapsing knapsack problem (CKP) is a type of nonlinear knapsack problem in which the knapsack size is a non-increasing function of the number of items included. This paper proposes an exact algorithm for CKP by partitioning CKP to some subproblems, then solving them with the improved expanding-core technique. The proposed algorithm solves the subproblems in the special processing order resulting in the reduction of computing time. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is an efficient approach for various random instances of size up to 1000.