Die polymerisation der lactame XIV. Einfluß des hexamethylguanidiniumchlorides auf die aktivierte anionische polymerisation der lactame

It was proved that hexamethylguanidiniumchloride (HMGC) exhibited a pronounced accelerating effect on the activated anionic polymerization of 2-pyrrolidone (40°C) and 6-caprolactam initiated by alkali metal salts of the corresponding lactams. The accelerating effect of HMGC was not specific for a certain type of alkali metal salt of lactams as initiator, it was proved that the effect is operative for polymerization of 6-caprolactam when using sodium or cesium salt of 6-caprolactam. It was proved that HMGC does not form growing centers under reaction conditions studied. The initial polymerization rate in the homogeneous phase is a linear function of square root of HMGC concentration at constant concentrations of initiator and activator. On the basis of this finding it was possible to suggest a plausible mechanism of HMGC influence on the polymerization process.     

Der einfluß eines magnetischen feldes auf die zinkabscheidung aus alkalischem elektrolyten

In the presence of an applied magnetic field the hydrogen overvoltage of a zinc coated iron electrode decreases. This decrease in hydrogen overvoltage is caused by paramagnetic iron ions, contained in the electrolyte as impurities, which concentrate in the vicinity of the electrode. This concentration of paramagnetic ions gives rise to the strong evolution of gas at a given applied potential. The evolution of gas results in increased convection of the electrolyte and the deposition of zinc and iron.     

Der einfluß von faseroberflächen auf die matrixhärtung bei faserverbundwerkstoffen

The influence of extraction of reinforced fibres on surface properties and the curing reaction of epoxy resin matrix in composites were investigated. With increasing fibre surface polarity, as the result of the extraction, the resin wettability was improved and the reaction rate of curing of the epoxy resin matrix increased. The wettability and the reaction rate oppositely decreased with decreasing fibre surface polarity.     

Über die polymerisation der kokschemischen inden-cumaron-fraktion

The influence of the catalysts BF₃O(C₂H₅)₂, FeCl₃ and J₂ on the polymerization of inden-cumaron-fractions was investigated. The dependence of the polymerization time on the resin yield was shown. Kinetic constants and reaction orders were determined.     

Der einfluß von tensiden auf die superkontraktion und das differentialkalorimetrische verhalten von keratinfasern

Supercontraction and DTA-measurements of Corriedale-wool in solutions of anion- and kation-active detergents were carried out at various pH. The temperature T_s and the amount of the fibre shrinkage were lowered at pH 7 by the detergents especially in dodecylamine-hydrochlorid (Dah) solutions. The DTA peak in Dah-solutions at pH 7 is broadened to high extent and the heat of transition is decreased drastically. At low pH-values - e. g. 2,5 - the DTA peak in Dah-solutions is unchanged in respective to that in pure water. In contrast the peak in acid solutions of sodium dodecylsulphate (Nds) has disappeared completely because the transition process has lost its cooparative character. This behaviour can be explained by the adsorption of the anion-active detergent caused by the protonated basic groups and the splitting of salt-bridges in the acid medium. In this way the hydrophobic interactions stabilizing the fibre structure are weakened and therefore the order-disorder transition begins already at low temperatures and takes place in a wide range.     

Zum Substituenteneinfluß auf die Kationische Copolymerisation p-substituierter Styrole

Substituent Effects on the Kationic Copolymerization of p-Substituted Styrenes The sensitivity of monomer reactivity ratios and average polymerization degrees towards p-substitution in the cationic copolymerization of styrenes has been studied under standard conditions. The following relations have been found: The average polymerization degrees are less affected than the monomer reactivity ratios. Copolymers containing p-fluorostyrene exhibit average polymerization degrees strongly deviating from the above relation.     

Zum Einfluß von Polyvinylsulfat auf die Photodimerisierung von Acridiziniumperchlorat

The Influence of Sodium Polyvinylsulfate on the Photodimerization of Acridizinium Perchlorate During the irradiation of aqueous solutions of acridizinium perchlorate (λ_exc = 405 nm) a photodimer of this compound is formed. The quantum yield of the reaction depends on the concentration of the acridizinium ion. In 10⁻⁴ m solutions the quantum yield of dimerization is π = 0.0054 ± 0.0005. Addition of the anionic polyelectrolyte sodium polyvinylsulfate leads to a considerable increase of the quantum yield (up to π = 0.6) in dependence on the concentration of the polyion. A kinetic model is developed, including the electrostatic interaction of the acridizinium cation and the polyanion. The influence of diazonium cations as competitive agent is investigated and dicussed.     

Photochemie diarylsubstituierter 2H-Tetrazole. II. Zum Einfluß der Substituenten auf die Absorptionseigenschaften diarylsubstituierter Nitrilimine

Photochemistry of Diarylsubstituted 2H-Tetrazoles. II. The Influence of the Substituents on the Absorption Properties of Diarylsubstituted Nitrilimines Irradation of 2,5-diaryl-2H-tetrazoles in an EPA-glass (ether: i-pentan: ethanol=5:5:2) or in an i-pentan glass at 77-80 K with UV-light of wavelength 290 nm yields diarylnitrilimines by the extrusion of nitrogen. The photoreactions investigated show spectroscopic unity. 22 diarylnitrilimines are included in the discussion with regards to the influence of substituents on the absorption maxima. The influence of substituents is interpreted by a LFE-relationship. An intramolecular charge transfer as the reason for the relatively strong dependence of ν${}_{\text{a}}^{\text{∼max}}$ -values on substituents is discussed.     

Der Einfluß der Umwelt auf die Fettzusammensetzung der Sojabohne

Influence of Environment on Fat Composition of Soybean Location and seasonal effects have stronger influence on oil- and protein-content as well as on fatty acid composition of soybean than differences among the varieties. Content of linoleic and linolenic acids and fat content were lower under dry and hot climatic conditions. Under cold and humid conditions of growth, the content of less desirable linolenic acid distinctly increased. However, growing conditions were inter-related with the varieties as well; thus under definite climatic conditions, individual varieties exhibited more favourable fatty acid composition.     

Einfluß der Raffination auf die Zusammensetzung der Säuremontanwachse

Refining Effect on Acid Montana Wax Composition Three acid montana waxes which result from industrial refining process in ZA Kedzierzyn were investigated with respect to their group composition and chemical composition. The subsequent wax types were investigated: 1. wax MR - weakly refined (one step, by HNO₃), 2. wax MR moderately refined (two step, by HNO₃ and Na₂Cr₂O₇), 3. wax R - highly refined (two step, by Na₂Cr₂O₇). These acid waxes were used in Poland as raw materials for production of various semisynthetic montana waxs. The characteristical values of the waxes have been determined. Besides that the examined acid montana waxes were separated by ion exchange methods and adsorption chromatography in free and esterified wax acids, wax alcohols and hydrocarbons. By GC methods the components separated from the substance groups have been qualitatively and quantitively analyzed. The effect of the refining methods on the chemical conversion processes of the waxes is explained.     

Die wirkung aromatischer additive auf den strahleninduzierten abbau von polymethylmethacrylat. II. einfluß der verteilung

The efficiency of additives against radiation-induced reactions in polymers depends on the concentration as well as on the distribution. The latter is mainly conditioned by the method of mixing. In the case of admixing the additives to a solution of the polymer or to the monomer crystallization may occur during concentrating the solution or during polymerization, resp. Mixtures of PMMA with several aromatic compounds were studied. Crystals of pyrene and phenanthrene greater than 200 Å were identified by means of electron microscopy. The decomposition of additives, which does not cause an efficiency decrease, was measured. The results as well as the consideration of energy transfer indicate that there are also smaller crystals. Even solvents like benzene seem to be not molecularly distributed. The crystallization of additives in mixtures with increasing concentration causes a less specific energy absorption. For that reason the linear concentration dependence of radiation protection is not realized at higher concentrations. Only in the case of benzene a linearity was found up to a maximum value.     

Einfluß der diffusion auf die sauerstoffaufnahme bei chloroprenkautschuk

The influence of the film thickness on the course of oxygen absorption of polychloroprene rubber was investigated in the temperature range 90–120 °C. While the nature of the oxygen absorption kinetic curves was changed, the inhibition period of oxidation remained uncharged in the thickness range 4-30 μm. The critical film thickness at which the influence of the oxygen diffusion into the polymer begins to appear, depends on the temperature and is about 10 μm. The limit stage of the oxidation is influenced by the film thickness as well. The apparent activation energy of oxidation – 17 kcal/mole–was calculated from the temperature dependence, and the value 12,1 kcal/mole was obtained from the temperature of the maximum velocity. The results obtained were confirmed by the measurements of the oxidation products by means of infrared spectra.