A microcomputer-based system for stereogrammetric analysis

A system for the quantitative analysis of stereo-pairs of photomicrographs has been devised using a Commodore ‘PET’ microcomputer coupled to a digitizing pad, plotter and printer. The system need not use any form of stereo-viewer and does not require any particular alignment of the photographs. Height differences, derived from parallax measurements, can be obtained quickly even by operators who might normally experience difficulties with stereoscope-based systems due to either poor stereo vision or inexperience. Three-dimensional coordinates, input from point-pairs, are stored inside the computer and may be sorted to draw line profiles along any operator-selected line. Such profiles may be referred to either the projection of the median plane of the two images or rotated (‘levelled’) to the 0° tilt plane. The operation of the system is described and illustrated using both specially-constructed left- and right-hand ‘images’ from test contours and also real SEM stereo pairs. Finally, both the potential and limitations of such a system for development and application are discussed.     

激光加工机微机控制系统的研究

根据激光加工机的结构特点,阐述了用于激光加工机的微机控制系统硬件和软件结构及系统特点.激光加工机微机控制系统经过中间试验、工业试验和现场使用,测试结果令人满意,证明了系统的设计是合理的.     

The utility of an on-line digital image recording system for SEM

An on-line digital image processing system provides several useful functions to SEM users. It is especially convenient for general SEM image storing and filing, preferable to conventional methods using video monitor, camera, and film. When equipped with state-of-the-art magneto-optical disk unit (external memory) and a video copy processor for printout of a digital SEM image, its usefulness is enhanced. In order to validate this useful function, we compare a modern on-line digital image recording system with a conventional one, from the viewpoint of the general SEM user.     

A computer system for on-line image capture and analysis

A computer control system for electron microscopy is proposed; it consists of functionally distinct microprocessors communicating via a central microprocessor (the supervisor) by direct memory access or a common data bus. The control functions such as digital beam scan, accelerating voltage, focusing, etc., are controlled by distributed microprocessors under the direction of the supervisory microprocessor. The system includes a framestore for image storage and a special high speed processor that contains a microcode library of functions. The system is used for interactive real-time image analysis by comparison of calculated images and processed experimental images.     

种子罐的微机智能控制系统

介绍了两台3m^3种子罐的智能控制系统。给出了系统硬件配置，讨论了温度、pH和溶氧的控制方案及组态软件的设计和功能。     

在线分析系统的广义抗干扰研究

在线气体分析技术的本质和根本目的就是连续计量的准确度,而各种原因和形式的干扰使计量准确度很难保障。从工程应用实践出发,在干扰组分干扰、样气处理干扰、电气干扰等三个相关领域研究干扰的来源,干扰影响误差的定量分析以及抗干扰的措施,进而有效保障和提高计量准确度,是十分紧迫的工程技术课题。现在已经积累和取得了许多有现实操作性的进展,本文是在线气体分析工程技术广义抗干扰的综述性总结。     

A PC-AT-based system for the acquisition of SEM images

A system for the acquisition of high-quality DDVC (digital differential voltage contrast) images based on a low-cost personal computer and a dedicated scanning electron microscope interface is described. It is capable of obtaining high-quality voltage contrast maps of passivated integrated circuits even on supply lines, which are not usually seen due to static biasing. Grey-level and colour image-comparison utilities allow effective state-by-state comparison of a failed device with a good one, and are extremely useful for failure analyses.     

柴油发电机用柴油机的微机监控系统

介绍了一种柴油发电机的微机控制系统。它可实现对柴油发电机各参数的实时显示和监控,并可对其的正常启动、紧急启动、正常关机、紧急关机等功能实行自动和手动控制。采用BS232通讯口或MODEM与上位机进行短距或长距通讯,对其实行遥测、遥讯和遥控。     

An image processing/stereological analysis system for transmission electron microscopy.

This study examines the feasibility of combining computer image digitization, image enhancement, and point counting stereological techniques to quantify video images from transmission electron microscopes (TEM). The essential hardware consists of an IBM PC/AT, a Matrox imaging board, a digitizing tablet, a high resolution black and white monitor, and a portable mass storage device. In addition a video camera must be mounted to the TEM. The software is written in three modules which have numerous routines for image acquisition, enhancement, and quantification. Quantification is achieved by selecting an electronic lattice and superimposing it on the cell image. A cursor is moved on the lattice (via the digitizing tablet) and the points are entered into a spreadsheet. One of the major limitations of the system was the reduced resolution inherent in the current hardware. However, sampling experiments showed that one could compensate for the reduced resolution by increasing the magnification of the digitized images, and the stereological values from digitized images compared favorably to those from electron micrographs. Furthermore, the system proved advantageous by eliminating the usual darkroom work, and in enhancing low contrast tissue. In spite of several hardware limitations, the concept of quantifying computer digitized TEM images appears promising.     

A microcomputer-based controller for milling machines

The design and development of a microcomputer-based servo motor controller is presented. The control procedure is implemented within the microcomputer so that it can be modified easily. Indeed, the flexibility introduced by the software rather than the usual emphasis on hardware makes the control package extremely attractive for machine retrofits or the custom machine-tool market. Enhancements to a standard model of servo motor, the use of sampled-data techniques and a custom-developed interface card made it possible for one particular machine tool to achieve positional accuracies of the order of 0.0005″ at the machine's maximum feedrate of 30 in min⁻¹.     

An interactive image analysis system for mean particle volume estimation using stereological principles

A semi-automatic image analysis system based on the stereological approach of point-sampled intercepts for mean volume estimation is described. The method used requires no assumptions about particle geometries and is thus general in its application. To ease implementation in this application, the assumption of particle convexity is made, making the measurement of intercepts easier for the user. The system was tested with computer-generated sample sections to determine the accuracy and precision of the estimates obtained. The results were found to be within 10% of expected values in all cases. When tested with ‘real’ samples a typical result gave a coefficient of variation of 9% from eight independent estimates of one sample.     

构建在线分析系统基础理论的探索研究

任何专业技术的健康发展,都离不开基础理论的强力支撑和正确引领.以在线分析系统(On-line analysis system,以下简称OAS)为标志的在线分析技术也是如此.基于在线分析系统56年的工程实践经验,根据钱学森关于系统学的科学理论和综合集成的科学方法,经过4年的探索性研究,在第5届国际论坛上,提出在线分析系统基础理论初创的命题.“十二五”期间,为着力推进在线分析技术基础理论的构建,促进OAS品质的提升和质量发展,理应作出前瞻性的理论探索和深入的工程实践.     

快速模具系统工艺特点与分析

采用传统的模具加工方法,制造周期长且成本高。快速成型配合传统制模技术不仅适合单件小批的模具快速制造,而且能适应各种复杂程度的模具快速制造。介绍了基于快速成型技术的快速模具制造技术工艺原理、分类、成型方法及其技术特点以及与传统成形方式的区别。从模具的寿命,模具的制作成本,模具的生产周期等方面对几种典型快速模具制造技术系统进行了比较和归纳。分析了快速模具制造技术面临的关键问题,展望了基于快速成型原理的快速模具制造的应用前景。     

污水COD在线快速检测仪的研制及其性能分析

本论介绍基于虚拟仪器平台构建的污水COD在线检测仪的测量原理,硬、软件设计及性能参数。仪器实现COD的在线快速连续自动测量。     

Automatic contrast adjustment for detail recognition in SEM images using on-line digital image processing

A new digital filter method has been developed for enhancement of detail recognition in SEM images of high signal-to-noise ratio using an on-line digital image processing system. The filter allows an automated improvement of the presentation of SEM image information and utilizes a median filter of very large mask size and histogram equalization. Since the method can be performed without input of any processing parameters, the user simply pushes a button for obtaining the processing result similar to conventional photo recording. The method utilizes digital signal processors for establishing high speed, hence, the processing results can be immediately assessed. When Applied to a variety of field-emission SEM images, there were no problems with inconvenient artifact encountered.     

A comparison of two sampling procedures for stereological analysis of cell pellets

Electron micrographs of macrophages within pellets of rat peritoneal exudate cells were analysed by the morphometric point-counting technique to compare the volumetric and surface-to-volume parameters obtained by two distinct sampling procedures. The distinction between the two sampling procedures was dependent upon the nature of the cell profile recorded on the micrographs. The two types of profile compared were (1) equatorial profiles (each containing a substantial nuclear component to facilitate cell identification) and (2) mixed profiles (a random mixture of equatorial profiles, anucleate profiles and cell profile fragments). Exudate cells were obtained from normal animals and from animals stimulated 5 days previously by a single intraperitoneal injection of Freund's Complete Adjuvant in Hank's solution. Volumetric data for intracyto-plasmic organelles were found to be in excellent agreement when the two sampling procedures were compared. In addition, the results gave satisfactory consistency for the recorded decrease in the surface-to-volume estimate of the stimulated macrophage. It is concluded that equatorial profile analysis, in which cell identification is facilitated by virtue of the presence of the nucleus, is suitable for comparative morphometric cytology in the present study and that the biased sampling procedure may have a wide applicability.     

铝酸钠溶液在线检测系统的研制

介绍了溶液在线分析系统的测定原理和系统结构。对数学模型的修正作了详细讨论。程序运算得到的溶液浓度值与化验室分析值的相对误差不超过± 2 .5 % ,测量结果的精度能满足生产工艺的要求 ,对生产具有现实的指导意义     

论在线分析系统的高准确度应用

物质成分量的准确计量是在线分析系统工程应用的本质目的.本文从定量分析在线分析器和在线分析系统的动态误差着手,探讨了在线分析系统实现高准确度应用的可能性.工程应用实践及技术分析得出的初步结论是:高准确度应用的最高控制水平可以达到0.5%.     

在线分析仪表成套系统的现场应用

对在线分析仪表成套系统组成进行了介绍,并对现场应用中的一些问题提出了指导性意见.     

A narrow-band injection-seeded pulsed titanium:sapphire oscillator-amplifier system with on-line chirp analysis for high-resolution spectroscopy

A narrow-band tunable injection-seeded pulsed titanium:sapphire laser system has been developed for application in high-resolution spectroscopic studies at the fundamental wavelengths in the near infrared as well as in the ultraviolet, deep ultraviolet, and extreme ultraviolet after upconversion. Special focus is on the quantitative assessment of the frequency characteristics of the oscillator-amplifier system on a pulse-to-pulse basis. Frequency offsets between continuous-wave seed light and the pulsed output are measured as well as linear chirps attributed mainly to mode pulling effects in the oscillator cavity. Operational conditions of the laser are found in which these offset and chirp effects are minimal. Absolute frequency calibration at the megahertz level of accuracy is demonstrated on various atomic and molecular resonance lines.