A debugger for a graphical workstation

This paper describes the ups source-level debugger. Ups, which is designed to take advantage of the graphics and mouse available on a workstation, displays the debugged program's current state in the form of a hierarchically structured document in which items of interest can be expanded to show more detail. User interaction is via a system of menus and editable subfields, the intention being to create a debugger which has a lot of functionality but is easy to learn and easy to remember. The paper describes the ups user interface itself and discusses its implementaion, which may be of interest to anyone writing a program with an interface based on menus and editable fields. There is also a discussion of some of the problems that will be encountered by anyone trying to write a new debugger to run in an existing environment.     

A light-weight UIMS

We built a limited but successful user interface management system named HYPE which supports rapid interactive creation and organization of user interfaces for a large class of applications. HYPE is targeted at applications for which the user interface is only loosely coupled to the application. Examples of this class of application are ‘command line-driven’ programs. Many applications in this class can be quickly given satisfactory direct-manipulation interfaces with little or no reprogramming of the application. The programmer need only be familiar with HYPE, and not with the particular windowing system upon which it sits.

• 1 The appearance of the interface is specified interactively through the direct manipulation of interface components.
• 2 The behaviour of the interface is programmed with an interpreted procedural language which can send and receive messages and invoke system services. In particular, it can execute applications.
• 3 The structure of the interface is a tree of potentially-visible objects which communicate with the user, the system, and each other through message passing. The tree structure facilitates grouping interfaces for related applications, or families of applications, into a single master interface.

Visual layout, tree-building, behaviour assignment (programming) and execution of the interface all occur within HYPE, a conjunction that makes it a powerful prototyping tool.     

A debugger for concurrent programs

This paper reports on an experimental debugger for concurrent programs. Design objectives include a showing of greatest usefulness when dealing with multiprocess interactions, creation of a simplified more approachable interface for programmers, allowance for the systematic organization (and limitation) of debugging information by programmers, reflection of a natural view of concurrency, and portability. The design responds to a perceived need for debugging techniques applicable in systems of concurrent, communicating, asynchronous processes. During debugging sessions, a user is able to dynamically explore interprocess synchronization points, parallel actions and deadlock situations. The programmer interface is based on a transparent window multiplexer providing a set of windows for each concurrent process. The window manager interactively maps interesting windows to programmer-specified viewscreen locations, while relegating temporarily uninteresting windows to the background. In implementing a debugger for concurrent programs, a principal concern is the probe effect, or the possibility that the debugger itself masks synchronization errors in the program being debugged. For the examples explored, the probe effect was not observed to limit the localization of implanted synchronization errors.     

A dataflow approach to event-based debugging

This paper describes a novel approach to event-based debugging. The approach is based on a (coarsegrained) dataflow view of events: a high-level event is recognized when an appropriate combination of lower-level events on which it depends has occurred. Event recognition is controlled using familiar programming language constructs. This approach is more flexible and powerful than current ones. It allows arbitrary debugger language commands to be executed when attempting to form higher-level events. It also allows users to specify event recognition in much the same way that they write programs. This paper also describes a prototype, Dalek, that employs the dataflow approach for debugging sequential programs. Dalek demonstrates the feasibility and attractiveness of the dataflow approach. One important motivation for this work is that current sequential debugging tools are inadequate. Dalek contributes toward remedying such inadequacies by providing events and a powerful debugging language. Generalizing the dataflow approach so that it can aid in the debugging of concurrent programs is under investigation.     

支持多种并行程序设计模式的可移植并行调试器设计与实现

MPDG是为高性能并行巨型机系统设计的调试工具,其设计指导思想是：1．采用Client/Server结构,实现系统的可移植性,具体表现为将用户界面,并行调试管理与调试监控服务分离,调试监控采用目标系统支持的调试器;2．以同一的使用方式支持多种并行程序设计模式应用,针对共享内存的并行目标应用（如OpenMP程序)和基．于水息传递的分布式目标应用（如PVM或MPI程序）,提供风格完全一致的调试手段;3．实现图形用户界面,MPDG的GUI分为3级,即主界面,进程集,单个进程,进程集控制特别适合具有相同执行流和用户视图的并行进程的调试。     

A portable high-level database debugger and software performance monitor

The package DBDEBUG assits the users of CODASYL (network) database management systems in two ways. It can be used by applications programmers to debug their programs, and by the database administrator to monitor the performance of the database. The user may select the sections (or even individual statements) of his program to be traced and/or monitored. He may list the specific records and items he wishes to be investigated; he may also restrict tracing and monitoring to only certain DML verbs. The user's database schema and subschema are submitted to processors which generate a data dictionary. This data dictionary is then used by DBDEBUG in modifying the user's DML source code in order to obtain the specified tracing or performance statistics. The output is high-level in that it reflects the high-level language (DML COBOL) in which the user's source code was written. The package is designed to be portable. All but one of its components are written in standard Pascal or ANSI COBOL; assembler code is restricted to a ten-line subroutine which obtains L/O and CPU times from the operating system.     

Micro—UIDT：用户界面的开发工具

本文将介绍用户界面的开发工具:Micro-UIDT。该系统为用户界面的设计者提供交互式设计环境,所提供的进行用户界面设计的设计语言为一种非过程、图示语言。其中,进行用户界面的人-机对话控制部分的设计使用了状态转换图说明技术;而对应用数据显示部分的描述则通过直接作图和定义对该图的控制同应用数据间的关系来实现。Micro-UIDT还可将使用上述图示语言设计的用户界面变换为C语言处理程序。     

Coupling hundreds of workstations for parallel molecular sequence analysis

We present a highly scalable approach to distributed parallel computing on workstations in the Internet which provides significant speed-up to molecular biology sequence analysis. Recent developments show that smaller numbers of workstations connected via a local area network can be used efficiently for parallel computing. This work emphasizes scalability with respect to the number of workstations employed. We show that a massively parallel approach using several hundred workstations, dispersed over all continents, can successfully be applied for solving problems with low requirements on communication bandwidth. We calculated the optimal local alignment scores between a single genetic sequence and all sequences of a genetic sequence database using the ssearch code that is well known among molecular biologists. In a heterogeneous network with more than 800 workstations this job terminated after several minutes, in contrast to several days it would have taken on a single machine.     

User-interface design for text editing: A case study

This paper describes the design of the user interface of a text editor named Occam with the goal of communicating by example the process of user-interface design. An attempt is made to induce principles; where that attempt falls, the raw details are presented. First Occam Itself Is described, and then aspects of its user Interface are used to exemplify (1) power versus ease of learning, (2) the use of prototypes and user feedback, (3) the importance of planning and (4) error detection and handling.     

P/CL: A flexible input processor

An interactive program inevitably has a need for a user interface which exceeds the simple combination of a write and a read statement. This is necessary to prevent a program abort due to an input error from the side of the user. Also it is desirable to allow for more advanced types of input than single characters or numbers. For these reasons a general-purpose input package has been developed which allows for sophisticated command-driven programs while offering the programmer as well as the user an easy-to-use interface. The structure of the package is described and examples of its use are given.     

用户界面自动构造工具的结构模式

本文介绍了一个用户界面自动构造工具的结构模式。重点阐述了该模式的三层视域思想。第一层视域是一个直接操纵环境，也叫可视界面编辑器。在这个环境中，界面设置人员直接创建他所喜欢的界面，并用鼠标和其它输入设备确定该界面的运行机制。第二层视域是一个可编辑的界面描述语言，称做ＩＤＬ。第三层视域是一个交互技术类支持库和运行支撑工具集，它构筑了其它两层视域的工作平台，它的设计采用了面向对象技术。最后，讨论了三者之间的关系，并给出了一个应用实例来验证该模型。     

一种支持适应性人机界面的PDA窗口系统

PDAW(personal digital assistant window)是一个专用于PDA(personal digital assistant)的窗口系统.其最大的特点是可支持开发具有适应性人机界面的应用程序.适应性人机界面有多种不同的类型，由于PDAW系统只提供支持适应活动的机制，不提供决定适应策略的规则和状态，因此，它不限制应用程序界面的适应类型.PDAW由界面视感层、窗口核心层、设备接口层和编程接口4个层次组成.支持适应活动的机制在窗口核心层之中实现.     

JDB: An adaptable interface for debugging

In the Unix environment there are a number of debugging tools. None are universally popular and many programmers choose not to use any of them at all. In this paper we present a study of existing debuggers. We highlight a number of reasons why they may not be popular and we discuss some of the features that programmers look for in a debugging aid. Finally, we report on the development of a new screen-based interface, JDB, and some informal results of its usage.     

A debugger for parallel processes

A system for analysing and debugging parallel Fortran codes is in use on the Sun workstation. The system is composed of a parallel processing simulator mtsim, a window- and mouse-based debugging tool mtdbx, and a set of real-time display routines. The simulator mtsim, which is called from Fortran by a set of routines having the same syntax as the CRAY X-MP multitasking library, causes several concurrently active user tasks to be executed. The debugger mtdbx is based on the Sun dbxtool debugging facility. It has an enhanced command interface with functional control of parallel processes in multiple windows. The display routines offer two real-time views of multitasking synchronization primitives as they are used during execution. These three components of the debugging system afford the opportunity to analyse the behaviour of parallel processes by dynamic interaction at run-time.     

A debugger for distributed programs

Developing a distributed debugger is much more complex than developing a sequential debugger. This added complexity is mainly due to the non-determinism of events that communication delays introduce into distributed systems. We explore the problems that one must address when designing a distributed program debugger and then describe our design and implementation of DPD (distributed program debugger). Problems addressed include non-determinism of events, finding consistent system states, setting breakpoints, recording events, and checkpointing. Important features of DPD include dynamic roll back and replay, as well as a graphical user interface. DPD has been tested successfully in debugging distributed programs within a distributed facility called REM (remote execution manager).     

fKenzo: A user interface for computations in Algebraic Topology

fKenzo (=friendly Kenzo) is a graphical user interface providing a user-friendly front-end for the Kenzo system, a Common Lisp program devoted to Algebraic Topology. The fKenzo system provides the user interface itself, an XML intermediary generator-translator and, finally the Kenzo kernel. We describe in this paper the main points of fKenzo, and we explain also the advantages and limitations of fKenzo with respect to Kenzo itself. The text is separated into two parts, trying to cover both the user and the developer perspectives.