氧化淀粉对面条品质的影响研究

应用氧化淀粉对面条品质进行改良研究,详细研究了不同添加量和不同氧化度的氧化淀粉对面团的流变学性能、面条的拉伸性能、弯曲断条率、蒸煮断务率、吸水率、溶出率及面条的感官品质等的影响,探讨了氧化淀粉对面条品质影响的机理。     

蛋白质和淀粉对肉制品品质影响的研究

选取了三种蛋白(谷朊粉、花生分离蛋白和大豆分离蛋白)和三种淀粉(玉米淀粉、红薯淀粉和绿豆淀粉)作为肉制品的脂肪模拟品,经比较分析可知,大豆分离蛋白和绿豆淀粉均为肉制品的最佳脂肪模拟品.通过单因素试验和正交试验,结果表明,当大豆分离蛋白和绿豆淀粉的比例为1:4,添加量为15%(占鲜肉质量分数),水分添加量为20%时,肉制...     

变性淀粉对海绵蛋糕品质影响

研究预糊化乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯、预糊化玉米淀粉和预糊化羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯对蛋糕比容、水分活度和组织结构等方面影响。结果表明:添加0.20%预糊化乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯可增大蛋糕体积;添加0.40%~0.80%预糊化玉米淀粉对降低蛋糕水分活度效果明显;添加0.20%预糊化羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯对延缓蛋糕老化效果最为显著。     

The effects of the addition of corn husk fibre,kaolin and beeswax on cross-linked corn starch foam

Significant efforts have recently been made to improve the physical properties of starch foams formed using baking processes. For example, cross-linking starch with 0.126 g/kg glyoxal considerably reduces the baking time, density and water absorption of starch foams. In this study, we attempted to further develop the physical properties of glyoxal cross-linked starch foam by adding corn husk fibre, kaolin, beeswax and combinations of these products. We also studied the effects of these components on the microstructure and physicochemical and mechanical properties of trays. Starch-based trays in which additives were used showed improved water resistance. The water absorption capacities of the trays were 13%, 14% and 9% when combinations of kaolin/beeswax, fibre/beeswax and fibre/kaolin/beeswax were added, respectively.     

破损淀粉对面条蒸煮品质的影响研究

研究破损淀粉值对面条蒸煮品质的影响规律,实验结果表明:随着破损淀粉值的增加,面条的品质有所劣变;干物质损失率和蛋白质损失率与破损淀粉值呈高度显著正相关,面条吸水率与破损淀粉值相关系达不到显著水平。     

淀粉添加量对西式香肠品质的影响

本试验采用单因素四水平(2%、4%、6%、8%)设计,研究了不同淀粉添加量对西式香肠品质的影响.通过对样品的感官指标评定和贮藏试验,结果表明:淀粉添加量对西式香肠的感官品质有显著影响,在西式香肠配方中添加4%的淀粉,香肠品质最佳,产品经过80℃40min的蒸煮处理后,在0～4℃下,贮藏期可达到8d以上.     

不同淀粉与大豆分离蛋白混合涂层对冷却牛肉贮藏品质的影响

研究淀粉（木薯淀粉、红薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、玉米淀粉、豌豆淀粉和高直链淀粉）与大豆分离蛋白混合可食性涂层对冷却牛肉贮藏品质的影响。研究在4℃下贮藏5d过程中,各种淀粉与大豆分离蛋白混合涂层对冷却牛肉失重率、颜色、pH、硫代巴比妥酸值和感官评价得分的影响。结果发现豌豆淀粉和玉米淀粉与大豆分离蛋白混合涂层不仅有效降低冷却牛肉中水分损失（分别为9.97%和12.83%,低于聚乙烯膜包装）,而且较好的保持冷却牛肉的感官指标。     

The impact of resistant starch on characteristics of gluten-free dough and bread

The study focused on partial replacement in gluten-free breads of corn starch with tapioca and corn resistant starch preparations. The use of resistant starch resulted in the increase of storage and loss moduli of the dough, and the lowering of loss tangent, which indicates its more elastic character. The incorporation of resistant starch reduced creep and recovery compliance and elevated zero shear viscosity. Modified doughs displayed higher starch gelatinization temperatures and lower viscosities that were proportional to the share of RS. It was found that the loaves baked with the share of resistant starch had less hard crumb than bread without RS addition. The crumb hardness diminished with the increasing amount of applied RS preparation. The addition of resistant starch raised total dietary fibre, by up to 89%, as compared to control (bread without RS addition). The most pronounced change was observed for insoluble dietary fibre (increase 137%), while only slight increase was found for its soluble fraction (18%).     

变性淀粉对面团流变学特性和面包品质的影响

探讨不同添加量的马铃薯变性淀粉和木薯变性淀粉对面团流变学特性和面包品质的影响。结果表明:两种变性淀粉均可改善面团的流变学特性,增大面团的韧性、减小面团的延伸性,改善面团的筋力;与对照相比,马铃薯变性淀粉能有效改善面包的焙烤品质,明显增加面包的比容,有效改善面包的硬度和弹性,木薯变性淀粉对面包品质的影响不明显;马铃薯变性淀粉的最适添加量为0.8%～1.2%面粉。     

小麦淀粉的理化特性与面条的品质

本文通过对小麦样品中淀粉的理化特性指标及面条品质指标的测定,研究了小麦淀粉的理化特性与面条品质的关系,得出直链淀粉含量、胶稠度、膨胀势与面条品质呈正相关;降落值与面条品质呈负相关。     

Effect of fibre size on the quality of fibre-enriched layer cakes

The effects of fibre type (wheat bran, oat bran, cellulose microcrystalline), size (50, 80, 250 μm) and percentage of substitution (0%, 12%, 24%, 36%) on batter and layer cake characteristics were determined. Batter density, and the rheological parameters (G′ and G″) increased with fibre size, but the flow index decreased. Especially with 20% wheat bran, large-sized fibre gave the most firm, chewy and yellow cakes, while providing the most significant sensory differences with the control. Cakes with microcrystalline cellulose were the most similar to the control. All cakes obtained high sensory scores, indicating that they were not disagreeable for consumers. It is possible to obtain high quality cakes when adding up to 20% of fibre, but selection of an adequate fibre is necessary.     

燕麦蛋白和淀粉的提取纯化工艺研究

通过对pH、水料比、温度、时间等因素进行单因素试验,然后进行正交试验,对燕麦蛋白和淀粉进行初步分离,得到燕麦蛋白的初步提取工艺条件,并对分离的蛋白和淀粉进行纯化。试验得出燕麦蛋白纯化的最适酶解条件及燕麦淀粉纯化的最适酶解条件,燕麦淀粉得率为86.2%,纯度为77.6%。     

Breadmaking quality of ten greek breadheats. II. Relationships of protein,lipid and starch components to baking quality

Protein, lipid and starch components of ten Greek inter bread heats (four poor quality soft milling varieties, and to soft and four hard milling varieties of good quality) ere examined for possible relationships ith bread loaf volume and volumes in sedimentation tests for flour quality. High molecular eight glutenin subunit quality scores ere loer (4, 4, 6, 6) in the poor quality heats than in the good quality heats (6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 10) and ere only roughly correlated ith the other quality parameters. Gliadin electrophoregram patterns ere distinctive for most heats and might be useful for variety identification, but consistent occurrence of γ-gliadin 40, associated ith eakness, and γ-gliadin 43.5, associated ith strength, as not observed. The ratio non-polar/polar free lipids as highly correlated (P < 0.001) ith loaf volumes using both long fermentation and activated (chemical) dough development processes. Starch granule composition, selling and gelatinisation properties, hich ere very similar to those of other heat starches, did not relate to baking quality. A 15-kDa protein on the surface of starch granules associated ith endosperm softness as found in the soft heats.     

Influence of the protein distribution of maize endosperm on ruminal starch degradability

This study was aimed at determining the influence of the protein distribution of maize endosperm on ruminal starch degradation using 14 maizes differing in endosperm texture (eight dent and six flint maizes). Ruminal starch degradability was determined by an in situ technique on ground samples with a particle size of 3 mm. The distribution of endosperm proteins was assayed by a method based on their differential solubilities in solvents. The (α,β,δ)‐zeins and the true glutelins were the predominant proteins in the endosperm. The (α,β,δ)‐zeins (66.1 and 70.1 g kg⁻¹ of recovered protein for dent and flint types respectively) and the true glutelins (21.8 and 18.4 g kg⁻¹ of recovered protein for dent and flint types respectively) were related to the vitreousness, ie the ratio of vitreous to floury endosperm. Ruminal starch degradability averaged 619 and 462 g kg⁻¹ for dent and flint maizes respectively. It was correlated negatively with the (α,β,δ)‐zeins and positively with the true glutelins. The (α,β,δ)‐zeins located in the protein bodies should limit the accessibility of starch granules to ruminal micro‐organisms and, as a consequence, the ruminal starch degradability. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of heating temperature,pH, concentration and starch/whey protein ratio on the viscoelastic properties of corn starch/whey protein mixed gels

The viscoelastic properties of corn starch (CS) gels were more dependent on heating temperature, while the properties of whey protein isolate (WPI) gels were more dependent on pH. Thus heating temperature (75, 85, 95 °C) and pH (5, 7, 9) were varied to obtain a series of mixed gels with interesting viscoelastic properties. WPI gels showed extensive stress relaxation (SR) indicative of a highly transient network structure, while CS gels relaxed very little in 2000 s. Based on SR results, it appeared that CS/WPI mixed gels with 25 and 50% CS formed compatible network structures at 15% total solids only at pH 9. This supposition was supported by SEM microstructures obtained for dehydrated gels and a synergistic increase in the large‐strain fracture stress for these gels. Some synergy was also found for mixed gels at 30% total solids at pH 9, while at pH 7 the mixed gels seemed to contain separate additive WPI and CS networks unlike the case for pH 7 at 15% total solids. In both cases (15 and 30% total solids) the degree of elasticity of the mixed gels decreased as the WPI content increased. Mixed gels (CS:WPI = 0.5) at pH 9 showed increased fracture stress and fracture strain relative to the same gels at pH 7. This suggests that a unique chemical compatibility exists at pH 9 and results in gels that combine the elasticity of CS and the internal stress dissipation of WPI. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Use of response surface methodology to investigate the effects of milling conditions on damaged starch,dough stickiness and chapatti quality

Response surface methodology was used to investigate the influence of three factors namely mill aperture, feed rate and moisture content of wheat grain on the damaged starch content of whole wheat flour from Lokwan wheat cultivar, dough stickiness and chapatti (Indian unleavened flat bread) quality. Each predictor variable was tested at three levels. Aperture was varied as 2, 3 and 4 mm in a stone mill, feed rate as 0.21, 0.63 and 1.05 min for 200 g wheat grains and grain moisture content as 8.6, 14.3 and 20% w/w. Flours containing varying amounts of damaged starch ranging from 6.1% to 26.90% were obtained and these were evaluated for dough stickiness and chapatti quality. Dough stickiness was increased with decreased aperture. With decreased aperture and increased grain moisture content softness of the chapatti was improved.     

脂质与淀粉相互作用及其对淀粉性质影响

淀粉是食品重要成分,在食品体系中起到提供热能与影响质构作用,在蒸煮、焙烤等加热过程中,淀粉粒开始吸水膨胀,淀粉性质发生变化。淀粉中脂质或外加入脂质在淀粉加热过程中,影响淀粉特性变化;脂质存在会使淀粉溶胀性和溶解性降低,改变糊化温度和热焓,对淀粉流变性质也会产生影响。     

Contribution of starch and non-starch parameters to the eating quality of japanese white salted noodles

Viscograph paste viscosity parameters of starches isolated from 42 wheat varieties were highly correlated with each other and with measures of the quality of the derived Japanese white salted noodles. Better correlations with noodle quality were obtained when measurements of wheat protein and grain hardness (PSI) as well as a starch viscosity parameter were included in the regression equations.     

淀粉及其结构、性质对面条品质影响的研究进展

淀粉对面条感官品质、蒸煮品质、质构特性等有重要影响。该文就淀粉的种类、添加量对面条品质影响进行了概述,并总结了淀粉结构及特性在改善面条品质方面的作用,为进一步研究淀粉在面条加工中作用机理提供参考。