肉桂醛熏蒸对金黄色葡萄球菌胞内生物大分子的影响

为研究肉桂醛熏蒸对金黄色葡萄球菌的影响，通过平板熏蒸法和菌块转移法研究其抗菌活性，通过透射电镜观察肉桂醛对菌体形态的影响，通过激光镊子拉曼光谱分析肉桂醛熏蒸对金黄色葡萄球菌胞内生物大分子的影响。结果表明，肉桂醛熏蒸对金黄色葡萄球菌具有良好的抗菌活性，最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)分别为0.25 μL/mL和0.5 μL/mL。经肉桂醛气熏后的菌体表面皱缩，可能与高浓度肉桂醛导致胞内物质外泄有关。激光镊子拉曼结果表明，肉桂醛气熏处理导致菌体蛋白主链、氢键体系以及空间结构发生改变，DNA单、双链发生断裂，脂酰基链骨架断裂或交联，同时，菌体脂双层的有序度也发生改变，影响膜的流动性，从而菌体的生长受到抑制或致其死亡。激光镊子拉曼光谱可以通过分析拉曼位移和峰强变化，分析单个细胞内生物大分子的骨架和结构变化，从而推断抗菌物质的抗菌机理。     

植物精油的熏蒸抗菌活性及其机理研究

本文采用平板熏蒸法测定六种植物精油在气相状态下对四种常见细菌的最低抑菌浓度(Minimum Inhibitory Concentration,MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(Minimum Bactericidal Concentration,MBC),对效果好的精油进行复配研究并将其应用于小米椒保鲜,通过透射电镜和电导率来阐述肉桂精油熏蒸对大肠杆菌的抗菌机制。结果表明,六种精油中抑菌效果显著的是香茅精油、肉桂精油和罗勒精油,在精油浓度为0.125μL/mL时可以抑制所有的供试菌,而杀菌效果较好的是香茅精油和肉桂精油,除铜绿假单胞菌外,在精油浓度为0.125μL/mL时可杀死其余供试菌。将香茅精油、肉桂精油和罗勒精油进行复配,当三者比例为4:1:8时联合熏蒸抗菌效果最好,复配精油对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌表现出协同增效作用,而对金黄色葡萄球菌则表现为拮抗作用。GC-MS结果表明,香茅精油的熏蒸抗菌能力主要来自香茅醛、香叶醇和香茅醇;肉桂精油主要来自于肉桂醛;罗勒精油则主要来自于草蒿脑、芳樟醇。当复合精油空间浓度为0.125μL/mL时,对小米椒具有较好的防腐保鲜效果。透镜结果显示经肉桂精油熏蒸后的大...     

茶多酚-肉桂精油复合保鲜剂抗氧化活性及抑菌作用

为了研究茶多酚-肉桂精油复合保鲜剂抗氧化活性和对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用。采用体外抗氧化法测定了复合保鲜剂抗氧化能力。通过抑菌圈大小确定抑菌效果和最小抑菌浓度(MIC),结合抑菌活力、细菌生长曲线、细胞壁完整性和细胞膜通透性,综合评价复合保鲜剂对金黄色葡萄球菌的影响。结果表明,复合保鲜剂清除DPPH自由基、羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的IC50分别为4.02μg/m L、9.15μg/m L、0.61 mg/m L。复合保鲜剂能够有效抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的生长,MIC为0.5 mg/m L,且能够破坏细胞壁和细胞膜。综上所述复合保鲜剂具有很强的抗氧化活性,对金黄色葡萄球菌有很好的抑菌效果,其可能的抑菌机理是破坏细胞壁,影响细胞膜的通透性。     

留兰香-有机盐复合纳米微乳体系构建及抑菌活性研究

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析留兰香精油组成,发现其主要物质为氧化胡椒烯酮和柠檬烯,分别占精油含量的39.74%和32.56%。构建拟三元相图研究留兰香微乳体系,发现抗坏血酸钠和山梨酸钾对微乳相行为没有显著影响。通过最低抑菌浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC）、最低杀菌浓度（minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration,MBC/MFC）和杀菌动力学实验研究抑菌活性,最后通过扫描电子显微镜和细胞膜通透性实验探究体系抑菌机理。结果显示：留兰香微乳体系对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、酿酒酵母菌和拜耳酵母菌均有抑制作用,MIC介于8～32 μL/mL,MBC/MFC介于32～128 μL/mL;并且在MBC条件下,大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌分别在处理60、90 min后全部失活。在留兰香微乳体系作用下,大肠杆菌核酸迅速外泄,并在电子显微镜照片中发现菌体形态出现扭曲、褶皱,甚至完全破裂。说明体系通过破坏细胞膜,改变细胞膜的结构和功能,使细胞内溶物外泄,从而杀死菌体。     

10种植物精油对腐生葡萄球菌抑制效果比较及肉桂精油抑菌机制分析

为研究10种植物精油对腐生葡萄球菌的抑菌效果,本实验通过抑菌圈与微量肉汤稀释法测定10种植物精油对菌体的最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)与最小杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC),筛选作用效果最佳的植物精油,进一步分析其对腐生葡萄球菌的作用机制。结果显示,肉桂精油对腐生葡萄球菌的作用效果最佳,其抑菌圈直径为(24.10±2.55)mm,MIC与MBC均为1 mg/mL。腐生葡萄球菌经MIC与2 MIC肉桂精油处理后,其在5 h时生长被完全抑制。肉桂精油对腐生葡萄球菌的细胞膜完整性破坏作用明显,使菌体胞外介质中的碱性磷酸酶活力升高,导致蛋白质外泄,对菌体细胞壁与细胞膜的完整性和代谢系统产生一定影响,其作用效果与质量浓度正相关。腐生葡萄球菌经肉桂精油处理后,菌体表面出现明显皱缩,表面不再致密,并出现溶解与黏聚现象,部分菌体破裂,且有内容物溢出,使其外膜脱落,最终导致菌体死亡。综上所述,肉桂精油对腐生葡萄球菌作用效果显著,其可通过破坏菌体细胞壁与细胞膜抑制生物膜形成,实现其抑菌效果。     

工业大麻叶对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌机制

探索工业大麻叶的抑菌组成及对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌机制,为以工业大麻叶成分为先导化合物开发新型天然防腐剂提供理论依据。工业大麻叶乙醇提取物经乙酸乙酯萃取、硅胶柱分离,采用微量二倍稀释法确定最低抑菌浓度(MIC),获得高活性组分,GC-MS分析抑菌组成;研究作用前后菌体细胞壁完整性、细胞膜通透性、能量代谢和氧化损伤变化,探讨抑菌机制。结果表明,工业大麻叶Fr5(石油醚和乙酸乙酯的体积比为1∶1)组分抑菌效果最佳,对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为31.25μg/mL,GC-MS共鉴定出24种化合物;经Fr5处理后,细菌表面明显凹陷,胞外碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活力升高,培养液电导率升高,核酸相对浓度增加,可溶性蛋白质质量浓度增大,菌体三磷酸腺苷(ATP)浓度和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均先升后降。工业大麻叶Fr5可破坏金黄色葡萄球菌细胞壁和细胞膜结构,导致细胞膜通透性增加,内容物外泄,进而影响菌体能量代谢并造成质膜氧化损伤,最终抑制细胞生长。     

10-HDA对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌机理研究

利用倍半稀释法确定10-HDA对金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌质量浓度为0.062 mg/m L。通过对金黄色葡萄球菌生长曲线、细胞膜通透性、细胞超微结构、细胞代谢、菌体蛋白表达的影响研究,探讨10-HDA对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌机理。结果表明10-HDA可破坏金黄色葡萄球菌细胞的完整性,使细胞膜通透性增加,胞内大量离子以及具有紫外吸收的大分子物质泄漏,细胞代谢发生紊乱。原子力显微镜结果表明,10-HDA可破坏菌体细胞结构,导致细胞表面凹陷,形成褶皱。SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示,10-HDA对金黄色葡萄球菌蛋白表达有明显影响,可抑制部分蛋白的正常表达。结论:10-HDA通过使金黄色葡萄球菌细胞膜通透性增加,破坏菌体正常形态及代谢活力,进而使细胞生长受到抑制,最终导致死亡。     

蓝莓叶多酚提取物对3种细菌的抑菌活性

以金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和大肠杆菌为试验菌,采用涂布法确定蓝莓叶多酚的抑菌浓度及牛津杯法明确蓝莓叶多酚p H值对抑菌活性的影响。通过测定蓝莓叶多酚与3种试验菌作用前后的生长曲线、菌液的电导率值、260 nm处的吸光值和观察细胞形态变化,初步阐明蓝莓叶多酚对3种试验菌的抑菌机理。结果表明,蓝莓叶多酚对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠杆菌都有较强的抑菌活性,最低抑菌浓度分别为0.062 5%、0.062 5%和0.125%,在p H7.0~8.0抑菌性较强。经蓝莓叶多酚处理后,3种试验菌生长缓慢,菌液电导率值、260 nm处的吸光值均增大;蓝莓叶多酚作用于菌体细胞后,菌体细胞出现断裂,细胞壁凹陷等现象,表明蓝莓叶多酚可使细胞膜通透性增加,破坏细胞膜完整性,使细胞内容物外泄。     

肉桂精油对成团泛菌和腐生葡萄球菌的抑菌活性及其机理

本文利用滤纸片法和二倍稀释法分别测定了肉桂精油对成团泛菌及腐生葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)以及最小杀菌浓度(MBC)来评估肉桂精油对其的抑菌活性,通过扫描电镜、透射电镜探究肉桂精油对成团泛菌和腐生葡萄球菌的形态影响,以及通过测定细胞膜的通透性、细胞膜的完整性和膜电位来共同阐释肉桂精油对两种菌活性抑制的机理。结果表明肉桂精油对成团泛菌和腐生葡萄球菌的生长均有较强的抑制作用,且对腐生葡萄球菌的抑菌作用明显强于成团泛菌的抑制作用;肉桂精油改变细胞的形态、增加膜的通透性、破坏了膜的完整性、并造成了细胞内容物的泄露、膜电位的降低,从而导致细菌的死亡。     

桉叶精油对水产品中4种微生物的抑菌效果及抑菌机理

本文研究了桉叶精油对水产品中4种微生物的体外抑菌活性及其抑菌机理。通过滤纸片法和倍比稀释法分别测定抑菌圈直径(DIZ)和最低抑菌浓度(MIC),分析植物精油(桉叶精油、薄荷精油、茶树精油、丁香精油)对水产品中4种常见微生物(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、腐败希瓦氏菌和副溶血性弧菌)的抑菌效果;进一步以腐败希瓦氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为研究对象,通过扫描电镜、透射电镜、电导率、核酸含量、细胞内ATP含量分析植物精油的抑菌机理。结果表明,桉叶精油对大肠杆菌、腐败希瓦氏菌、副溶血性弧菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径分别为33.33、27.87、38.88、39.61 mm,对大肠杆菌、腐败希瓦氏菌、副溶血性弧菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值分别为1.00、1.25、0.75、0.63 μL/mL,在4种植物精油中显示出最强的抗菌活性。桉叶精油改变了腐败希瓦氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的细胞形态和超微结构,加了细胞膜的通透性,破坏了细胞膜的完整性,造成细胞内容物的泄露及细胞生理功能紊乱,从而导致细菌的死亡。本实验将为桉叶精油作为一种天然抑菌物质应用于水产品行业提供理论依据。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press