匙羹藤酸调节仓鼠血脂机理的研究

目的:研究匙羹藤酸对高脂仓鼠血脂的调节作用,并初步探究匙羹藤酸调节血脂水平的机理。方法:将40只雄性仓鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组和匙羹藤酸低(20 mg/kg BW/d)、中(40 mg/kg BW/d)、高剂量组(80 mg/kg BW/d),正常对照组饲喂正常饲料,其余各组均饲喂高脂饲料,连续喂养8周。每两周称量一次体重,每四周眼眶静脉取血一次,用来检测不同阶段仓鼠血清中的血脂水平,8周后股动脉取血用于检测肝损伤指标谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)水平,胆固醇代谢相关调控酶羟甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGCR)、胆固醇7α羟化酶(CYP7A1)、胆固醇酰基转移酶(ACAT)的酶活,并取肝小叶进行检测肝脏中HMGCR的酶活。结果:干预前,各组仓鼠血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)水平均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。干预8周后,匙羹藤酸剂量组仓鼠血清中TC、TG、non-HDL-C极显著低于模型对照组(P<0.01);匙羹藤酸剂量组的ALT、AST水平极显著低于模型对照组(P<0.01);匙羹藤酸中、高剂量组HMGCR的活性显著低于模型组(P<0.05),匙羹藤酸中、高剂量组CYP7A1活性显著高于模型组(P<0.05)。结论:匙羹藤酸可以通过抑制HMGCR的活性来降低高脂仓鼠胆固醇的合成,提高CYP7A1的活性来增加胆固醇的排泄,来调节高脂膳食仓鼠血脂水平,因此匙羹藤酸具有降脂、保护肝脏的作用。     

根皮苷对油酸诱导HepG2细胞脂肪及胆固醇代谢基因表达的影响

以噻唑兰(MTT)比色法检测细胞活力,筛选出合适的根皮苷药物浓度及油酸浓度,建立油酸诱导肝癌细胞(Hep G2)产生脂肪堆积体外模型。分别以MTT值、Hep G2细胞形态、Oil Red O脂滴染色、甘油三酯(TG值)、胆固醇(TC值)、脂肪代谢及胆固醇代谢基因SREBP-1C、FAS、CPT-1、PPARα、HMGCR mRNA表达水平为指标,考察根皮苷对油酸高脂模型细胞的影响。根皮苷能够显著抑制油酸诱导的Hep G2细胞脂肪堆积作用,90μmol/L根皮苷能够降低脂肪合成相关基因的表达,提高脂肪氧化代谢基因的表达,降低胆固醇合成相关基因的表达。     

猕猴桃皮多酚对高脂膳食大鼠脂代谢紊乱的调节作用

目的:探讨猕猴桃皮多酚(kiwifruit peel polyphenols,KP)对高脂膳食大鼠脂代谢的影响及其机制。方法:将雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC组)、高脂膳食组(HF组)以及猕猴桃皮多酚低(LKP)、中(MKP)、高(HKP)剂量干预组。连续灌胃9周后,宰杀大鼠,测定肝指数、脂肪指数,肠系膜脂肪、腹部脂肪、睾肾周脂肪质量,血清中的甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、游离脂肪酸(free fatty acids,FFA)浓度以及肝脏脂代谢相关基因脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FAS)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acetyl CoA-carboxylase,ACC)、肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1(carnitine palmityl transferase 1,CPT-1)和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(peroxisomeproliferatoractivatedreceptorα,PPAR-α)mRNA表达水平。结果:与HF组相比,干预组的肝指数以及MKP、HKP组脂肪指数显著降低(P0.05);MKP、HKP肠系膜脂肪、睾肾周脂肪质量较HF组显著下降(P0.05),腹部脂肪各组间无显著性差异;干预组血清TG、LDL-C浓度显著下降(P0.05);MKP、HKP组的TC、FFA浓度显著下降、HDL-C浓度显著上升(P0.05);脂肪合成相关基因(ACC、FAS)表达显著下调(P0.05);脂肪分解相关基因CPT-1以及MKP、HKP组PPAR-α表达显著上调(P0.05)。结论:猕猴桃皮多酚能够缓解高脂膳食导致的脂代谢紊乱,其作用机制与抑制肝脏脂肪酸的合成,以及促进脂肪酸的氧化分解有关。     

月见草油透皮吸收对小鼠体重增长抑制效果的研究

以雄性BALB/C小鼠为实验对象,通过测定体重、身长、体脂质量、血脂生化指标、肝脏脂肪代谢相关基因的mRNA表达水平和观察脂肪细胞大小,评价月见草油透皮吸收后对小鼠体重增长的抑制效果。结果表明:与橄榄油组相比较,月见草油能显著抑制小鼠体重增长,明显降低生殖器周围脂肪质量、脂肪系数以及Lee’s指数;月见草油组小鼠的脂肪细胞直径明显变小;涂抹月见草油可降低血清中TG、TC和LDL含量,减少肝脏脂肪合成相关基因ACC、FAS、LPL、SREBP1-C和HMGCR mRNA表达水平,上调脂肪分解相关基因HSL、CPT1和LDL-R mRNA表达。月见草油透皮吸收后,可以通过调控肝脏脂肪代谢途径,促进机体脂肪氧化分解,抑制雄性小鼠的体重增长,降低血清中血脂含量。     

复方铁皮石斛叶超微粉改善高脂血症小鼠的脂质代谢作用

观察复方铁皮石斛叶超微粉不同配比对高脂高糖致高脂血症模型小鼠的影响。采用高脂高糖饲料喂养制备高脂血症模型小鼠,造模成功后灌胃给予复方铁皮石斛叶超微粉(铁皮石斛叶超微粉和山楂精提物不同配比依次为1:1、1:2、1:4、2:1、4:1)连续9周。检测血清中胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-c)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-c)、谷草转氨酶(ALT)和谷丙转氨酶(AST)水平;末次给药后,检测血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和氧化低密度脂蛋白(Ox-LDL)水平;检测肝脏中胆固醇(TC);HE染色观察小鼠肝脏组织形态学。结果表明,复方铁皮石斛叶超微粉(4:1)能有效缓解高脂血症,降低血清TC、LDL-c、MDA、Ox-LDL水平,下降幅度分别为40.84%、36.67%、5.69%、8.22%(p<0.01),血清SOD活性提高5.48%(p<0.01);肝脏TC水平下降14.10%(p<0.05);肝脏重量降低31.35%(p<0.01),能改善肝脏中脂肪沉积。上述结果明确了复方铁皮石斛叶超微粉(4:1)给药组效果较好,可以改善高脂高糖致小鼠血脂异常、肝脏病变。     

波纹巴非蛤多糖对高脂模型小鼠血脂的影响

本文对波纹巴非蛤多糖进行纯化分析并研究了其对高脂模型小鼠血脂的影响。波纹巴非蛤粗多糖(PUG-1)经DEAE-52纤维素柱层析后,得到PUG-1a、PUG-1b两个主要级分,总糖胺聚糖含量分别为68.3%和62.8%,两个级分组成中氨基葡萄糖:氨基半乳糖:己糖醛酸:硫酸基比例分别为:1.8:0.9:1.3:1.0和1.5:0.8:0.9:1.0;相对分子质量分别为30000 Da和10000 Da。红外光谱分析显示具有糖胺聚糖的特征基团吸收峰。体内实验采用高脂饮食建立小鼠高脂模型,同时给药组灌服高、中、低(400、200、100 mg/kg·d)3个剂量的波纹巴非蛤多糖溶液(PUG-1)和阳性药物(辛伐他汀,0.2 mg/kg·d),4周后检测各组小鼠血清中TC、TG、LDL-c、HDL-c的含量。PUG-1低、中、高三个剂量组均能显著降低高脂模型小鼠的TC、TG、LDL-c水平与LDL-c/HDL-c(p0.05或p0.01),中高剂量组能提高HDL-c水平(p0.05),提示波纹巴非蛤多糖PUG-1对高脂模型小鼠具有较好的降低血脂与预防动脉粥样硬化作用。     

桦褐孔菌多糖对高脂饮食诱导的高脂血症大鼠血脂和肝脏的保护作用及机制

目的:以血清脂质浓度、抗氧化损伤、肝脏损伤以及脂肪酸合成酶的水平为观测指标,探究桦褐孔菌多糖(Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide,IOP)对高脂血症大鼠肝脏疾病的干预作用。方法:将40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、高脂模型组和桦褐孔菌多糖低、中、高剂量组。采用试剂盒测定血脂指标:总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、高密度脂蛋白(high-density lipoprotein,HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(low-density lipoprotein,LDL)水平;抗氧化指标:超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide diamutase,SOD)活力、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathion peroxide,GSH-Px)活力;肝损伤指标:谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(asparate aminotransferase,AST);脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acidsynthetase,FAS)、羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(humanhydroxymethylglutarylCoAreductase,HMGCR)活力。结果:相较于高脂模型组,高剂量(200 mg/kg mb)的桦褐孔菌多糖对于降低大鼠血脂水平,保护肝脏受损有明显的作用效果,其中TC、TG、LDL水平明显下降,HDL水平明显上升,MDA浓度降低,SOD、GSH-Px活力升高,FAS和HMGCR活力明显降低。结论:桦褐孔菌多糖能够对高脂饮食引起的高脂血症大鼠脂质紊乱、肝脏损伤起到保护作用,可能与其抗氧化作用有关。     

板栗壳色素通过AMPK信号通路改善肥胖小鼠的脂代谢紊乱

目的:探讨板栗壳色素(CSP)对肥胖小鼠脂代谢紊乱的改善作用及其分子机制。方法:将雄性C57BL/6J小鼠分为正常饮食(N)组、高脂饮食(HFD)组、高脂饮食+20 mg/kg CSP(HFD-L)组、高脂饮食+50 mg/kg CSP(HFD-H)组、高脂饮食+20 mg/kg儿茶素(HFD-C)组,每周测量小鼠体质量和进食量,14周后检测小鼠肝脏和附睾脂肪质量、血清血脂水平,进行脂肪与肝脏形态学分析,检测肝脏中脂肪代谢关键蛋白的表达等。结果:与HFD组相比,HFD-L和HFD-H组小鼠体质量增长量分别降低28.67%和39.16%;附睾脂肪质量分别降低23.63%和42.80%;CSP能减少进食量、脂肪细胞的扩大和肝脏脂肪的积累,降低血清TG、TC、LDL-C、ALT和AST水平,升高HDL-C,显著升高小鼠肝脏组织中p-AMPK/AMPK、p-ACC/ACC、PPARα的表达量,显著降低SREBP-1c和HMGCR的表达量,且作用效果比单一儿茶素效果好。结论:板栗壳色素具有改善肥胖小鼠脂代谢的作用,此作用与激活AMPK信号通路相关。     

伽马氨基丁酸抑制高脂诱导肥胖小鼠肝脏氧化应激及肝脂肪变性

研究伽马氨基丁酸(GABA)对高脂日粮小鼠肝脏氧化应激、脂肪变性及脂代谢相关基因表达的影响。采用50只C57BL/6雄性小鼠,随机分为5组:正常组(正常日粮),高脂组(高脂日粮),3个GABA处理组(饮水中分别添加质量分数0.2%、0.12%和0.06%GABA)。实验18周后,测定小鼠肝脏组织自由基水平、抗氧化酶活性、脂肪和糖原含量以及血浆谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性,同时对肝组织形态进行观察,并用RT-PCR检测肝脏SREBP-1c、FAS、ACC1、PPARα、Cpt1a和PGC-1α的表达。结果显示,高脂日粮显著升高小鼠肝脏质量、肝指数、肝脏甘油三酯和胆固醇含量,降低肝脏功能(P0.05);添加质量分数0.2%、0.12%和0.06%GABA可显著降低肝脏质量和肝指数,质量分数0.2%、0.12%GABA显著抑制肝脏脂肪变性和改善肝功能(P0.05)。相比正常组,高脂组动物肝组织中抗氧化酶活性显著降低,自由基和丙二醛含量显著升高(P0.05);质量分数0.2%、0.12%GABA可显著缓解氧化应激。高脂日粮小鼠肝脏PPARα、Cpt1a和PGC-1α表达显著下调,SREBP-1c、FAS和ACC1表达显著上调(P0.05),而添加质量分数0.2%、0.12%GABA可显著缓解高脂造成的上述基因表达的变化。因此,高脂日粮导致小鼠肝脏氧化应激、脂肪变性及肝功能损伤,一定剂量GABA可改善肝脏氧化还原状态和脂肪变性,从而预防脂肪肝发生。     

不同蛋白质摄入量对限能超重大鼠肝脏脂联素信号通路的影响

目的：研究不同蛋白质摄入量对低能量摄入状态下的SD超重雄性大鼠肝脏脂联素信号通路的影响。方法：36 只SD雄性大鼠随机取6 只为正常对照组（NC），另外30 只为造模组，给予高脂饲料，9 周后选造模成功的16 只大鼠（体质量为NC组平均体质量的1.1 倍以上）随机均分为模型对照组（MC）、低能量低蛋白组（LP）、低能量正常蛋白组（NP）、低能量高蛋白组（HP），进行能量和蛋白控制，喂养9 周，测定各组大鼠的体质量、体脂肪质量、肝质量、肝脏脂肪质量、血清脂联素（adiponectin，APN）质量浓度和肝脏AMP活化蛋白激酶（AMP-activated protein kinase，AMPK）、固醇调节元件蛋白1c（sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c，SREBP-1c）、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（acetyl-CoA carboxylase，ACC）、脂肪酸合成酶（fatty acid synthase，FAS）、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α（peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors，PPARα）、肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶-1（carnitine palmitoyl transterase-1，CPT-1）水平。结果：干预9 周后，与MC组相比，干预组体脂肪质量、肝质量、肝脏脂肪质量、肝脏中SREBP-1c、ACC、FAS水平均显著降低（P＜0.05），血清APN水平和肝脏中AMPK、PPARα、CPT-1水平均显著升高（P＜0.05），3 个干预组之间体质量、体脂肪质量、肝质量、肝脏中AMPK水平无显著性差异（P＞0.05），与LP、NP组相比，HP组肝脏脂肪质量显著降低（P＜0.05），血清APN和肝脏SREBP-1c、ACC、FAS、PPARα、CPT-1质量浓度显著升高（P＜0.05）。结论：能量控制后，超重雄鼠肝脏APN-AMPK、APN-PPARα-CPT-1信号通路中各因子水平都显著提高（P＜0.05），在一定程度上减轻了超重大鼠的体质量、肝质量和肝脏脂肪质量；在能量限制一致的情况下，高蛋白摄入能促进APN-PPARα信号通路的激活，从而减轻了超重大鼠的肝脏脂肪质量，而对体质量、体脂肪质量、肝质量影响不显著（P＞0.05）。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press