Al2O3包覆LiNi0.03Co0.05Mn1.92O4正极材料的制备及其电化学性能

以Al(NO3)3?9H2O为包覆原料,通过燃烧法制备得到LiNi0.03Co0.05Mn1.92O4@Al2O3正极材料。通过X射线衍射(XRD),场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等表征手段对材料的结构和形貌进行分析,并通过恒电流充放电、循环伏安(CV)、交流阻抗(EIS)等测试分析材料的电化学性能。结果表明,Al2O3包覆没有改变LiNi0.03Co0.05Mn1.92O4的尖晶石型结构,包覆层厚度约10.6nm。LiNi0.03Co0.05Mn1.92O4@Al2O3正极材料电化学性能得到了明显改善,1 C和10 C倍率下初始放电比容量分别为119.9 mAh?g-1和106.3 mAh?g-1,充放电循环500次后容量保持率分别为88.4%和78.2%,而未包覆的LiNi0.03Co0.05Mn1.92O4在1 C和10 C倍率下初始放电比容量分别为121.2 mAh?g-1和104.0 mAh?g-1,500次循环后容量保持率分别为84.1%和67.6%。LiNi0.03Co0.05Mn1.92O4@Al2O3活化能为32.92 kJ?mol-1,而未包覆材料的活化能为36.24 kJ?mol-1,包覆有效降低了材料Li+扩散所需克服的能垒,提高了材料的电化学性能。     

La2O3含量对Al2O3/Cu基复合材料组织与性能的影响

以La₂O₃粉、Al粉、CuO粉为反应物原料、纯铜为基体,采用原位合成技术和近熔点铸造法制备颗粒增强Cu基复合材料,研究La₂O₃对Al-CuO体系制备的Cu基复合材料组织及性能的影响。结果表明：添加La₂O₃可获得纳米Al₂O₃颗粒,且弥散分布于Cu基体中,制备的材料组织更加细小、均匀,其材料的电导率及摩擦磨损性能明显提高。当添加0.6%wtLa₂O₃,复合材料的电导率达到90.2%IACS,磨损量达到最小,相比未添加La₂O₃,其导电率提高10.1%,磨损量减小36.6%。     

Pd/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂中载体制备对CH4转化活性的影响

为推动ZrO2-Al2O3在天然气汽车尾气净化催化剂中的实际应用,并阐明其制备条件对负载催化剂转化活性的影响机制,文章以ZrO2-Al2O3复合氧化物为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了Pd/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂,并在连续流动固定床反应器上研究了ZrO2-Al2O3复合氧化物的制备对催化剂低温CH4氧化活性的影响。结果表明：制备方法中,相比于浸渍法和胶溶法,沉淀法更能提高催化剂活性;锆源、铝源优选中,以Zr(NO3)4为锆源、拟薄水铝石为铝源时能获得较高的催化活性;组分配比中,以w (ZrO2): w (Al2O3)=10:90的催化活性最高。XRD、低温N2吸附、CO脉冲吸附的结构表征表明,ZrO2-Al2O3复合氧化物的大的比表面积、孔容、孔径是促进贵金属Pd分散,提升催化剂低温CH4转化活性的关键因素。     

MnBi/Sm2Co17复合磁粉制备、磁性能及微结构研究

采用化学辅助高能球磨工艺制备了MnBi/Sm_2Co_(17)纳米晶复合磁粉,研究了MnBi合金添加量对复合磁体磁性能和微结构的影响。随着MnBi合金添加量的增加,复合磁粉的内禀矫顽力先稍上升,后基本保持不变,但均低于纯MnBi磁粉的864kA/m;磁粉的饱和磁化强度和剩余磁化强度均逐渐下降。复合磁粉中没有发现明显的元素互扩散现象。采用Henkel曲线分析了复合磁体的交换耦合作用,复合磁粉的δM在添加量为15%(质量分数)时达到极大值,说明该复合磁体具有较强的交换耦合作用,结合磁粉形貌分析了随着MnBi合金添加量的增加复合磁粉剩磁比的演变规律。     

Ti/Ir0.4Sn0.6O2电极材料的电容性能

为了得到高比电容的电极材料,采用热分解法制备了不同温度下Ti/Ir0.4Sn0.6O2电极材料。运用X射线衍射(XRD)、差热分析、扫描电镜(SEM)和循环伏安法(CV)分别测试了该材料的晶体结构、表面形貌和电化学特性。结果表明:涂层的晶化温度高于360℃。320℃退火的电极表面有很多白色小颗粒析出,其活性氧化物较多。比电容受热处理影响较大,在280℃时电容值很小,可逆性低,320℃退火的电极比电容为454 F/g。该电极随着充放电循环次数的增加,比电容增加,经过9000次循环后,比电容才开始下降,经历10000次循环充放电后的比电容为493 F/g,比未经循环时还大10%。     

纳米Y2O3对高Nb-TiAl合金高温蠕变性能的影响

在不同温度、不同应力条件下对高Nb-TiAl合金进行蠕变测试,结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等分析手段探究纳米Y₂O₃对Ti-45Al-6Nb-2.5V合金高温蠕变性能的影响。铸态高Nb-TiAl合金组织为α₂/γ层片结构,纳米Y₂O₃的添加可显著细化合金组织并改善合金的高温拉伸性能。蠕变结果分析得出,添加0.15at.%纳米Y₂O₃会显著改善Ti-45Al-6Nb-2.5V合金的抗蠕变性能,在800℃/300MPa条件下,合金稳态蠕变速率由2.389×10^_-7s^_-1降至1.500×10^_-7s^_-1;在850℃/250MPa条件下,合金的蠕变寿命由14.10h延长至61.50h。添加纳米Y₂O₃提高合金蠕变抗力的机制是Y₂O₃与基体具有较高的结合强度,可以有效阻碍位错运动,减弱孔洞萌生的倾向。经分析,两种合金在800℃/300MPa下的蠕变行为主要受位错攀移与孪晶控制,蠕变损伤断裂机理为孔洞萌生与裂纹扩展。     

氧化物添加剂对Ag-SnO2电接触材料抗蠕变性能的影响

为研究氧化物添加剂对Ag基电接触材料抗蠕变性能的影响,用粉末冶金法制备了分别含有CuO、WO_3和In_2O_3的Ag-SnO_2材料。室温下对拉伸试样进行蠕变实验,获得蠕变特征曲线及相关参数,构建了Ag-SnO_2材料的蠕变本构方程。借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对拉伸断口形貌进行分析,用ABAQUS有限元软件进一步对蠕变行为进行模拟。结果表明:由于SnO_2与Ag基体间的界面强度得到提高,氧化物添加剂可显著增强Ag-SnO_2电接触材料的抗蠕变性能,尤其是CuO添加剂的效果最佳。模拟结果与通过实验获得的蠕变数据基本吻合,误差小于3%。研究结果对预测Ag基电接触材料的蠕变行为及改善力学性能均具有一定参考价值。     

钽表面铜掺杂Ta2O5纳米棒的制备及抗菌性能研究

本实验采用两步水热法在钽基体表面制备出掺杂Cu_²⁺的Ta₂O₅纳米棒薄膜。采用XRD、SEM、XPS等方法分析了材料的物相和表面微观结构。用ICP检测了样品在生理盐水中离子析出浓度,最后通过平板计数法检验了不同含量铜掺杂Ta₂O₅薄膜的抗菌能力。结果表明,通过两步水热处理,在钽表面生成了简单斜方晶体结构的Ta₂O₅纳米棒阵列,Cu_²⁺的掺杂不会对纳米棒薄膜的微观形貌和物相造成显著影响。随时间的增加,掺铜薄膜的铜离子析出速率逐渐趋于平缓。平板计数法表明,Cu_²⁺ 的掺杂量达到2.68At%时,铜掺杂Ta₂O₅纳米棒薄膜的抗菌性能最好,抗菌率达99.2%。     

表面包覆Co（OH）2和Er（OH）3的球形Ni（OH）2的高温性能

利用化学沉淀法在球形Ni(OH)2表面复合包覆Co(OH)2和Er(OH)3,利用XRD、SEM和恒电流充放电技术测试其结构、表面微观形貌和充放电性能。研究不同包覆量对其常温和高温性能的影响,确定最佳包覆比为1%(质量分数)。循环伏安测试结果表明:包覆Er(OH)3的球形Ni(OH)2可以有效提高镍正极在高温环境下的析氧副反应电位,从而抑制析氧副反应的发生,最终提高镍电极在高温环境下的充电效率和活性物质利用率。     

Chou模型在La(Fe,Si)13基磁性材料中的研究应用

本文介绍了合金材料吸氢的基本原理及反应机理,主要利用稀土系储氢材料的吸氢模型方程研究了磁性制冷材料La(Fe,Si)₁₃基合金的吸氢特性。通过Chou模型建立了La_0.7Pr_0.3Fe_11.5Si_1.5和La_0.7Pr_0.3Fe_11.5Si_1.5C_0.2合金的吸氢反应分数与时间、温度的具体关系式,探究了两种合金材料的吸氢反应特性。根据模型方程,引入吸氢过程中的重要参数“特征反应时间”,得到在等温等压条件下的La_0.7Pr_0.3Fe_11.5Si_1.5和La_0.7Pr_0.3Fe_11.5Si_1.5C_0.2合金的吸氢反应分数随时间的变化曲线。由模型方程还得到这两种合金吸氢反应分数与温度的关系曲线,曲线表明两种合金均表现出温度越高,特征反应时间越小,合金的吸氢速率越快,与实验得到的结果一致。     

Effect of electrochemically reactive rust layers on the corrosion of steel in a Ca(OH)2 solution

Electrochemical and gravimetric measurements are used to study the effect of rust layers on the corrosion of rusted steel in a saturated Ca(OH)₂ solution imitating the liquid phase in concrete pores. The results indicate that the reduction of rust is the main cathodic reaction in the first phase of the corrosion process of rusted steel. Subsequently the oxygen reduction reaction becomes the cathodic predominant reaction, in which the rust seems to act as a porous electrode. In this research rust clearly favours the corrosion of rusted steel, and an approximately direct correlation is seen between the rust mass and the mass loss due to steel corrosion. In the electrochemical measurements, attention is paid to the overestimation of the corrosion rate deduced from the polarisation resistance in the case of specimens with the highest rust contents, a problem that is attributed to the inappropriateness of the conventional measuring procedure in the presence of high capacitance values and redox processes.     

纳米Ni(OH)2的制备及其电化学性能

采用固相法制备了纳米β-Ni(OH)2, 采用Scherrer公式由其中一样品的(100)、 (101)及(110)晶面参数计算得到晶粒尺寸分别为11.1 nm、 3.6 nm和12.1 nm. 采用循环伏安、恒电流充放电等技术对其电化学性能进行了初步研究, 结果表明 纳米Ni(OH)2的活性比较高, 其首次容量达207.9 mA*h*g-1, 第2周期容量即达到最大值240.4 mA*h*g-1, 但其容量衰退较快.     

乙醇-水体系电沉积制备Ni(OH)2超级电容器正极材料的研究

采用电化学共沉积技术在泡沫镍基体上制备了掺杂Co的Ni（OH）2电极,研究了乙醇与水体积比为3：7,1：1和7：3及水溶液情况下,C／Ni（OH）,超级电容器的容量特性。XRD分析表明,所得产物为掺杂Co的a—Ni（OH）2;电池测试表明在乙醇与水体积比为1：1时,能获得最好的电化学充放电特性,在小电流4mA／cm^2充放电下,比容量达850F／g;在大电流32mA／cm^2充放电下,比容量可达600F／g,其比容量数值随循环次数增加逐渐趋于稳定。扫描电镜观察表明,乙醇与水体积比为1：1时所得电沉积Ni（OH）2呈细小的蜂窝状三维结构,增大了活性物质与电解液接触的比表面积,使电化学反应更加充分,提高了活性物质的利用率和放电比容量。     

Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of Sb doped (NaBi)0.38(LiCe)0.05[]0.14Bi2Nb2O9 ceramics

Sb⁵⁺-doped (NaBi)_0.38(LiCe)_0.05[]_0.14Bi₂Nb₂O₉ (represented as NBNLCS-x, where [] represents A-site vacancies) ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid-state route. The ceramics well sintered to approach ∼98.5% theoretical density and the tetragonality of crystal structure increased with Sb⁵⁺ additions. However, the Curie temperature (T_C) and the piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃) of Sb⁵⁺-modified ceramics gradually decreased. The 3 mol% Sb⁵⁺-doped samples exhibited optimum properties with a d₃₃ value of ∼22 pC/N planar electromechanical coupling factor (k_p) of ∼11.2% and relatively high T_C of ∼765 °C. These results indicate that NBNLCS-x material is a promising candidate for high-temperature piezoelectric applications.     

Crystal structures and structural relationships of KFe2(SeO2OH)(SeO3)3 and SrCo2(SeO2OH)2(SeO3)2

The new phases KFe₂(SeO₂OH)(SeO₃)₃ and SrCo₂(SeO₂OH)₂(SeO₃)₂ have been synthesized under low-hydrothermal conditions and their structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray methods. Both compounds are monoclinic; KFe₂(SeO₂OH)(SeO₃)₃: space group P2, A = 9.983(4), B = 5.270(1), C = 10.614(4) Å, β = 97.42(2)°, V = 553.7 ų, Z = 2; SrCo₂(SeO₂OH)₂(SeO₃)₂: space group P2ln, A = 14.984(2), B = 5.286(1), C = 13.790(2) Å, β = 94.72(1)°, V = 1088.5 ų , Z = 4. The refinements converged to R-values of 2.9 and 3.6% respectively.

The atomic arrangement in KFe₂(SeO₂OH)(SeO₃)₃ and SrCo₂(SeO₂OH)₂(SeO₃)₂ is based on isolated MO₆ octahedra (M = Fe³⁺, Co²⁺), which are corner-linked via trigonal pyramidal selenite groups to a framework structure. Interstitials are occupied by potassium or strontium atoms in ten- or eight-coordination respectively, and by the lone-pair electrons of the Se⁴⁺ atoms. Both compounds are not isotypic but are closely related and may be interpreted as different distortions of an idealized structure type in space group P2/m, which was modelled for a theoretical compound SrFe₂(SeO₃)₄ by distance least squares refinement (program ).     

溶液pH控制合成Ni(OH)_2花状微球

以氢氟酸为溶液中镍离子配位剂,然后加入氨水,调节溶液pH值的同时,作为镍离子补充配位剂,制备了由纳米片花瓣组成的Ni(OH):花状微球.Ni(OH)2花状微球的晶型和微观结构的调控可以简单通过改变溶液pH值来实现.当溶液在7.5≤pH≤8.8范围时,能够得到大量、均匀的Ni(OH)2花状微球.当溶液在7.5≤pH≤8.0范围时,Ni(OH)2微球为a-Hi(OH)2晶型;当溶液在8.0＜pH≤8.8范围时,Ni(OH)2微球为a-Ni(OH)2和β-Ni(OH)2的混合晶型.Ni(OH)2花状微球直径在0.6～1.3μm范围内随溶液pH值的变化而变化.Ni(OH)2花状微球由几十个相互连接的纳米片状花瓣组成.纳米片花瓣厚度约60 nm,长度在80～230 nm之间随溶液pH值的变化而显著变化.     

Preparation and characterization of polyelectrolyte multilayer films containing in-situ synthesized nanoparticles of Cu(OH)2

Copper ions-loaded polyelectrolyte multilayer films (PEMs) of poly(acrylic acid), coded as PAA, and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), coded as PDDA, were constructed on silicon substrate via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly, using CuCl₂ blended in the electrolyte solution as the source of Cu²⁺. Cu(OH)₂ nanoparticles were then in-situ synthesized in the multilayer films by immersion of the copper ions-loaded PEMs into 0.1 M NaOH solution. The Cu²⁺-loaded PAA/PDDA multilayer films and those doped with in-situ Cu(OH)₂ nanoparticles were characterized by means of ultraviolet-visible light (UV-vis) absorption spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The friction and wear behaviors of the multilayer films sliding against 440C stainless steel counterparts were evaluated using a UMT-2 multifunctional micro tribometer. Results indicate that the Cu²⁺-loaded PAA/PDDA multilayers with a bilayer number of 2-8 show similar UV-vis absorbance features, and no noticeable accumulation in the amount of Cu²⁺ occurs during the fabrication of the multilayers, possibly owing to a weak bonding between Cu²⁺ and -COO⁻. The blue-shift of the absorption peak of -COO⁻-Cu²⁺ band, observed for PAA/PDDA multiplayer films, becomes more obvious after being doped with in-situ Cu(OH)₂ nanoparticles. The final Cu(OH)₂ nanoparticles-doped PAA/PDDA multilayer films have excellent friction-reducing and antiwear abilities, possibly owing to the modification and refining of their morphology and microstructure by the in-situ doped Cu(OH)₂ nanoparticles. The present approach could be extended to incorporate nanoparticles of other types of metal ions into the final PEMs to realize multifunctionalization.     

The effect of chemical coating with Ni on the electrode properties of Mg2Ni alloy

Mg₂Ni alloy prepared by powder sintering was chemically coated with 10% nickel by weight. The effects of the nickel coating on the surface appearance, the structure of the alloy and the electrode characteristics were investigated. The discharge capacity and cycle life of the nickel-coated alloy electrode were greatly increased in comparison with values for the bare alloy because of the changed phase structure and surface properties.     

Preparation and luminescent properties of Eu doped Sr3La(PO4)3 phosphor

Eu²⁺-doped Sr₃La(PO₄)₃ phosphors were synthesized by solid-state reaction method. Their luminescent properties were investigated. The phosphor could be excited by ultraviolet light effectively. The emission spectra exhibit two emission peaks located at 418 nm and 500 nm, respectively. These two peaks originated from two different luminescent centers, respectively. One is nine-coordinated Eu(I) center, other is six-coordinated Eu(II) center. It was found that the doping concentration of Eu²⁺ ions affected the shape of emission spectra. As the doping concentration increasing, Eu²⁺ ions are more likely to form Eu(I) luminescent centers and emit purple light.     

电极材料非晶态氢氧化镍的电化学活性

通过快速冷冻沉淀法制备非晶态氢氧化镍粉体，微粒形状不规则，具有较小粒度分布和较大比表面积。经测量，发现其样品粉体拉曼光谱（Raman）峰较多，差热分析（DSC）发现其分解温度较低，为295．18℃，结果分析表明活性较高。将所制备的非晶态Ni（OH）2粉体作为活性物质合成正极材料，并组装成MH—Ni碱性模拟电池，在恒流50mA／g下充电8h，25mA／g下放电，终止电压为1．0V时，其放电工作电压平稳且时间长，放电平台为1．26v。放电比容量可达333．22mAh／g，高于β-Ni（OH）2的理论比容量289mAh／g，循环伏安曲线的测试结果表明，可逆性能较好，在碱性电解液中结构稳定。