煤矿采空区电力杆塔自动调平液压系统可靠性设计

鉴于煤矿采空区严重威胁电力杆塔的安全,提出了电力杆塔自动调平系统的方案,而自动调平液压系统是整个电力杆塔自动调平系统的关键部分,对液压系统的可靠性指标有了更高的设计要求。文中采用了降额设计和冗余设计的可靠性设计方法进行自动调平液压系统的设计,通过建立系统可靠性框图和数学模型对系统进行了可靠性预测,最后采用相对故障率法与相对故障概率法对自动调平液压系统进行可靠性分配,保证了自动调平液压系统的高可靠性。     

FMS控制软件自动生成原理与模型的研究

软件自动化是提高软件质量、可靠性与软件生产力的一种行之有效的方法和技术。为了适应制造自动化系统快速重组和重建的需要 ,FMS控制软件应能快速有效地生成 ,为此 ,建立了 FMS控制软件自动生成系统。通过对FMS控制软件的自动生成的可行性的分析 ,提出分布式生成原理即按类生成应用程序 ,并深入系统地研究了类源程序的自动生成原理和主程序的自动生成原理 ;创造性地应用程序生成器的方法实现目标软件的自动生成 ,建立了自动生成系统的基本结构和系统模型。     

自动激光焊接机器人系统在FPC焊接上的应用思考

主要研究了自动激光焊接机器人系统在FPC焊接中应用的相关问题。阐述了自动激光焊接机器人系统的基本内容,包括自动激光焊接机器人的技术应用与发展、自动激光焊接机器人系统的焊接轨道特征等;再结合FPC焊接要求,研究了自动激光焊接机器人系统的应用方法。     

机器人在拖拉机底盘涂装中的应用

文中以自动喷涂系统在拖拉机底盘涂装中的应用为例,介绍了自动喷涂系统的组成,以及自动喷涂系统中自动识别系统的维护及机器人喷涂程序的优化方法.     

自动导引车系统避碰及环路死锁控制方法

为了避免单向导引路径网络中各自动导引车间发生碰撞及系统死锁,以基于单向导引路径网络的自动导引车系统为研究对象,提出一种避免自动导引车间碰撞的避碰方法。针对基于单向导引路径的自动导引车系统特点,建立了基于有向图的自动导引车系统运行状态模型,基于该模型提出一种环路死锁搜索方法。定义了包括单环路和多环路死锁临界状态的环路死锁临界状态概念,针对两种环路死锁临界状态,设计了对应的死锁控制策略。通过仿真证明了所提方法的有效性。     

车辆液压制动系统规范化故障树的自动建造

该文提出了在自动建树过程中,系统结构模型的规范化描述方法。通过车辆液压制动系统故障树自动建造的实例,阐述了在对建树过程进行规范化描述的基础上,故障树的自动建造方法。采用此方法,可直接利用已有部件模型库,按指定顶事件状态自动生成故障树,在复杂系统建树过程中,可节约大量的人力和时间,对系统可靠性分析的应用有较大促进作用。此种方法也可用于其他复杂系统故障树的自动建造,具有通用性。     

PLC技术在汽包自动补水系统中的应用

分析了传统汽包自动补水系统的主要原理及控制方法,详细介绍了工业汽包自动补水系统的任务、原理及实现手段,最后探讨了现代PLC技术在汽包自动补水系统中的应用价值.     

基于CATIA的五轴自动钻铆定位方法研究

自动定位是自动钻铆技术的核心,通过在CATIA平台上建立五轴自动钻铆机系统模型,并应用CATIA软件的二次开发技术,研究了基于五轴数控托架的自动钻铆定位方法,该方法是实现整个自动钻铆系统运动仿真和干涉检测的基础,同时也是实现五轴自动钻铆加工自动编程的基础。     

汽车自动变速箱过滤系统设计方法与试验研究

液压控制系统是电液控制自动变速箱的核心,而油液过滤系统正常工作是自动变速箱电液系统能够正常工作的基本保证。以某款自动变速箱为例,对比了不同油液环境下的自动变速箱电磁阀控制曲线,说明了油液污染带来的危害;分析了自动变速箱不同类型的过滤系统,阐明了过滤系统的设计过程及应重点注意事项,同时结合过滤试验方法和试验结果,说明了自动变速箱过滤系统的开发和试验过程。同时,针对自动变速箱的零件清洁度控制提出有效的辅助控制手段。     

自动制造系统中的事件、资源和Petri网

讨论了自动制造系统中事件的形式化表示方法，以及制造系统中的工序和资源的Ｐｅｔｒｉ网表示．在此基础上还讨论了一类自动制造系统Ｐｅｔｒｉ网关联矩阵的构造形式和初始标识的确定方法．最后提出了自动制造系统Ｐｅｔｒｉ网控制器的形式化设计方法．     

光学显微镜自动聚焦的技术研究

在对普通光学显微镜进行一定改装的基础之上 ,设计了一套显微镜自动聚焦系统 ,并且给出了图像的灰度差分绝对值之和算子 ,解决了自动聚焦过程中是否正确聚焦的判断问题。最后还给出了一套基于启发式搜索算法的聚焦搜索策略 ,以加快焦平面的搜索。     

基于液体透镜的自动变焦扫描镜头的设计与验证

由于定焦镜头自身的景深问题使传统的扫码器不具备大的工作距离。为了满足工作人员在不更换扫描器的情况下既能实现近距离的信息读取又能实现十几米外的信息读取,研发了一款基于电润湿（electrowetting on dielectric,EWOD）液体透镜的自动变焦扫描镜头。通过调整液体镜片形状来实现镜头参数特别是焦距的变化,使得从近到远的所有对象都能成像在焦面上,从而达到自动变焦的效果。通过Zemax软件设计出一款成像范围为80 mm至无穷远的自动变焦扫描镜头,并完成了成像质量的验证。     

A fast autofocus sharpness function of microvision system based on the Robert function and Gauss fitting

For the microvision system, a new autofocus evaluation function based on the Robert function is proposed by increasing the threshold value. Compared with the traditional evaluation function, the new focus function reduces the local extreme value and increases the steepness of the focusing curve. According to the characteristics of the focusing evaluation function, the focus curve can be divided into two stages: the gentle area and the steep area. In the gentle area, there will be set a large step‐length to realize the fast search. In the steep area, the data will be fitted by Gauss method, and on the basis of the fitting results, the motor of microvision system was directly driven to achieve the focal plane and this method has been improved in real‐time and accuracy.     

Fast,high-precision autofocus on a motorised microscope: Automating blood sample imaging on the OpenFlexure Microscope

The OpenFlexure Microscope is a 3D-printed, low-cost microscope capable of automated image acquisition through the use of a motorised translation stage and a Raspberry Pi imaging system. This automation has applications in research and healthcare, including in supporting the diagnosis of malaria in low-resource settings. The plasmodium parasites that cause malaria require high magnification imaging, which has a shallow depth of field, necessitating the development of an accurate and precise autofocus procedure. We present methods of identifying the focal plane of the microscope, and procedures for reliably acquiring a stack of focused images on a system affected by backlash and drift. We also present and assess a method to verify the success of autofocus during the scan. The speed, reliability and precision of each method are evaluated, and the limitations discussed in terms of the end users' requirements.     

显微视觉快速自动调焦方法及实验

分析了显微视觉与计算机宏观视觉的特性,得出显微视觉下模糊效果是由几何光学和波动光学两部分造成的结论,并用标定实验验证了显微视觉下扩散参数与物距呈线性关系这一假设。研究了现有基于聚焦的自动调焦DFD(Depth from Focus)方法,提出了显微视觉下一种新型的基于离焦(Depth from Defocus)的快速自动调焦算法,该算法只要给定两幅模糊图像,就可直接计算出目标聚焦平面位置。实验结果显示,该方法的聚焦速度比传统DFF方法(本文选择SML法)快2～4倍。改进了的DFD算法提高了自动调焦性能,增强了显微光学鲁棒性,调焦精度较高,且具有较好的实用性。     

Region sampling for robust and rapid autofocus in microscope

This paper proposes a region sampling based autofocus method for rapid and robust autofocus in microscope. Image content and region size are considered in region sampling criteria. An intelligent search algorithm which employs quartering hill climbing search and golden section search is developed, in which rule‐based evaluation of sampled focusing regions is applied. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly improve the performance of image‐based autofocus. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:382–390, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Bilateral prediction and intersection calculation autofocus method for automated microscopy

In this paper, a bilateral prediction and intersection calculation autofocus method for automated microscopy, which obtains the in‐focus position by calculating the intersection of the predicted left and right focus measure curves located respectively in the left and right sides of the peak position of the focus measure curve, is proposed and performed. According to the autofocus method, the area including the peak position of the focus measure curve and its left and right neighbourhoods should be determined firstly, and the left and right neighbourhoods are considered as the left and right sampling areas. The left and right focus measure curves are predicted by appropriate predicting models according to the two sample sequences, which comprise the focus values by evaluating the sampled images in the left sampling area and right sampling area, respectively and their corresponding sampling positions. The intersection of the predicted left and right focus measure curves is calculated and can be considered as the in‐focus position. The autofocus can be realized by moving the focus plane of the microscope to the intersection of the predicted left and right focus measure curves. The proposed bilateral prediction and intersection calculation autofocus method is experimentally verified in an automated light microscopy for implementing microassembly and micromanipulation. The theoretical analyses have shown that the proposed bilateral prediction and intersection calculation autofocus method can not only effectively avoid the principle error caused by assuming the symmetrical focus measure curve in the autofocus methods based on curve fitting, but also eliminate the possible waver search near the peak position in the modified fast climbing servo method. The experimental results have shown that the proposed bilateral prediction and intersection calculation autofocus method possesses the merits as follows: (1) the focusing accuracy is high and slightly affected by the sampling step size and (2) the focusing speed is higher than those of the 7‐point hill‐climbing search method and the quadratic curve fitting method with a determinate focusing accuracy.     

Methods of improving the accuracy of operation of an autofocus in a circular laser writing system

Specific features of operation of an autofocus in a CLWS-300IAE circular laser writing system are considered. The influence of the focus error on the process of direct laser writing of diffraction structures is considered. A digital adaptive controller for the system of autofocus control is described and studied in experiments. Algorithms of controller operation, a technique for its tuning, and experimental results are described.     

自动影像测量系统关键算法

为了实现对工件的自动影像测量,建立了自动影像测量系统。对该系统所采用的图元识别、图元测量、基于自动聚焦原理的高度测量等算法进行研究。根据圆形和矩形图元的面积和真圆度等特征参数介绍了图元识别算法。以直线和圆形图元为例分析了典型图元的测量算法,即在提取图元边缘点的基础上进行图元拟合。在分析比较能量谱等聚焦评价方法的性能的基础上,说明了采用自动聚焦原理进行高度测量的算法。最后,介绍了系统比例尺的设定方法以及光栅尺读数的误差补偿方法。实验结果表明:比例尺的标定精度为0.5 μm;图元的测量精度在微米级;高度测量精度为0.035 mm,基本满足自动影像测量的稳定可靠、精度高、抗干扰能力强等要求。     

手机摄像模组测试设备调校效率的优化

随着手机拍照要求和性能的提升,相位检测自动对焦(PDAF)类模组广受关注。由于手动方式测试此类模组测试效率低、测量精度低、工人劳动强度大等不足,结合实际生产情况,综合机械设计、机械理论、工程材料等相关知识,通过理论计算与实际模拟相结合的方式,设计并制造了1台三工位自动对焦设备,其实际生产效率能够达到210片/h。为了更好地提高工作效率,进一步将三工位自动对焦测试设备改造成六工位自动对焦设备,改造后生产效率能够达到360片/h,测试效率提升了70%左右。