一种基于边缘特征二值化的抠像算法

针对虚拟演播室中的抠像技术进行研究,提出了一种基于边缘特征二值化的虚拟演播室抠像算法.该算法从图像处理的角度.采用基于边缘特征的图像二值化方法以及二值图像处理的有关算法来进行视频对象的提取.实验结果表明,该算法可以有效实现对复杂背景下前景目标的提取.     

基于局部抠像技术的融合图像精确跟踪算法

为了提高跟踪精度,提出一种基于局部抠像的融合图像全自动精确跟踪算法。首先采用帧间差分法获取运动目标的大致区域,并自动生成局部抠像框,由此采集目标、背景代表颜色集合;在此基础上自动生成抠像所需的草图,实现对目标的抠像;最后对抠像产生的前景映射图进行边缘检测即可获取精确的目标轮廓,并可根据跟踪结果对模型进行更新。对于实验的图像序列,与目标实际中心相比较,抠像跟踪误差均值为0.9像素,传统均值漂移跟踪误差均值为5.2像素。实验结果表明,该方法跟踪结果能完整、清晰地表示目标轮廓,很好地解决了跟踪中的漂移问题,提升了跟踪精度     

影视后期制作中数字视频技术AE软件应用研究

常规的影视后期制作方法以创建三维图像为主,抠像时边缘处理不当,影响影视后期观感。因此,研究了基于数字视频技术AE软件的影视后期制作方法。利用数字视频技术AE软件,对影视后期进行抠像处理,将图像边缘整理圆滑。整理并衔接影视后期图像镜头,将抠出来的图像与后期背景完美融合。合成后期影像画面与声音,将声音与图像相结合,使音频与视频高度一致,从而实现影视后期作品的高效制作。采用对比实验的方式,验证了该制作方法的抠像效果更佳,能够与后期背景充分融合,具有较高的推广价值。     

复杂环境下基于信息融合的视频实时抠像算法

针对复杂场景下传统的视频抠像算法对目标物体与背景纹理相似或边界不清晰的图像分割困难的问题,提出了一种基于视觉传感器和激光雷达信息相融合的视频实时抠像算法。该算法从原始激光雷达点云数据中获取感兴趣区域深度信息,并作为先验知识融合到改进的谱抠图算法,创建感兴趣区域深度抠图拉普拉斯矩阵,通过聚类算法最优迭代得出抠像结果,并运用导向滤波器对抠像结果进行后处理。实验证明,对比于融合深度信息的传统算法和没有融合其他信息的算法,该算法降低了欠分割率、提高了运行效率,抠像目标的边缘信息也更加饱满、清晰、平滑。     

分段仿射变换下基于泊松融合的正面人脸合成

针对目前正面人脸合成算法运算量大或合成图像失真较大的问题,提出一种基于分段仿射变换和泊松融合的正面人脸图像合成算法,将多幅输入图像用分段仿射变换（Piecewise Affine Warp,PAW）映射到正面人脸模板,并根据映射时产生的非刚性形变求得其对应的权重矩阵,进而获取每幅映射图像对应的变形掩膜,依次以这些映射图像为前景图像,以其对应的变形掩膜为泊松掩膜,并以上一次的融合图像为背景图像进行泊松融合,生成一幅平滑自然的正面人脸图像。实验结果表明,相比现有算法,该算法生成的正面人脸图像更加逼近真实正面人脸图像,而且很好地保留了输入人脸的个体信息。     

基于显著度的非监督抠像方法

为免除抠像过程中的人工参与步骤,提出一种基于显著度的非监督抠像方法。提取输入图像的显著度图,利用块融合与块过滤方法,获得抠像的参考信息,将图像划分为多个层次进行多分辨率抠像,从图像背景中抠取出前景物体。实验结果证明,该抠像方法在计算速度和抠像效果上均优于非监督的光谱抠像方法。     

面向三维街景重构的立体平行拼图自动生成算法

针对目前已有的多视点拼图技术只注重其二维展示效果,而未考虑三维重构的问题,提出一种面向三维街景重构并结合纹理与深度信息的立体平行拼图(SPM)技术及其生成算法.通过深度信息获得图像场景的平面拟合结果;以最大涵盖建筑物正面和侧面为选取标准,根据平面的参数与位置选出用于拼接的关键视图;基于双缝合线与泊松融合技术对相邻关键视图进行拼接和融合,得到平滑无缝的SPM.实验结果证明,SPM中的纹理拼图具有较好的二维街景展示效果,更主要的是其结合深度信息能够完成街景的三维重构,可为用户提供自由漫游的虚拟城市环境.     

自适应广义全变差的图像泊松去噪算法

针对医学、天文图像中的泊松噪声,基于广义全变差的图像泊松去噪模型,结合交替迭代极小化方法,提出一种自适应广义全变差的图像去噪算法。该算法利用广义交叉验证技术,使得模型中的正则化参数在算法迭代过程中可以自动更新。数值实验结果验证了该算法的有效性与可行性。     

基于滤波算法的曝光图像多特征细节识别仿真

为解决曝光图像信息传递效果差的问题,提出对多序列曝光图像进行垂直方向切片后卷积的方法,然后采用Anscombe变换与图像滤波算法结合,去除曝光图像中的除泊松噪声增强曝光图像的边缘与细节信息。仿真结果表明,在增强曝光图像多特征信息能力上,双边滤波较高斯滤波效果更明显,平均梯度提高了10.2%。基于滤波的多曝光图像特征融合重构可以有效的提高曝光图像的细节信息,提高图像传递质量。     

基于图像抠图技术的多聚焦图像融合方法

针对多聚焦图像融合容易出现信息丢失、块效应明显等问题,提出了一种新的基于图像抠图技术的多聚焦图像融合算法。首先,通过聚焦检测获得源图像的聚焦信息,并根据所有源图像的聚焦信息生成融合图像的三分图,即前景、背景和未知区域;然后,利用图像抠图技术,根据三分图获得每一幅源图像的精确聚焦区域;最后,将这些聚焦区域结合起来构成融合图像的前景和背景,并根据抠图算法得到的确定前景、背景对未知区域进行最优融合,增强融合图像前景、背景与未知区域相邻像素之间的联系,实现图像融合。实验结果表明,与传统算法相比,所提算法在客观评价方面能获得更高的互信息量（MI）和边缘保持度,在主观评价方面能有效抑制块明显效应,得到更优的视觉效果。该算法可以应用到目标识别、计算机视觉等领域,以期得到更优的融合效果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.