活性碳纤维非织造布制备的研究

活性碳纤维(ACF)作为第三代活性碳产品，具有优越的吸附性能，在环境保护、纺织、食品、医疗、交通运输、化学、电子、国防军工、航空航天、能源和日常生活等领域活性碳纤维及其制品广泛应用，市场前景十分广阔。活性碳纤维制品种类很多，其中发展最为迅速、应用范围最广的就是ACF织制品，     

高效催化活性碳与亚都空气净化器

活性碳是通过燃烧植物纤维获得的,它能起到去除有害气体、消除异味的作用。普通活性碳能把有害气体暂时吸附下来,不能进行无害化处理,不仅寿命极低,而且净化速率慢,能净化的气体种类少,净化处理后滤芯臭味大,随着环境温度的变化会把有害气体释放出来,造成二次污染。与普通活性碳不同,催化活性碳为了提高活性碳的吸附力,以多元多相催化为主,结合超微过虑,保证在常温常压情况下使多种有害有味气体分解成无害无味物质,由单纯的物理吸附变为化学吸附,边吸附边     

纳米TiO2/ACF空气净化复合材料的制备方法及性能表征

纳米二氧化钛(TiO_2)是一种理想的环境治理光催化剂,活性炭纤维(ACF)具有良好的吸附性,用ACF负载纳米TiO_2制备空气净化复合材料,其对于净化空气中的污染源有着显著效果。综述纳米TiO_2/ACF空气净化复合材料的制备方法及其在室内空气净化中的研究进展,介绍纳米TiO_2光催化剂的物理性能和化学性能表征方法,并对今后的研究进行展望。     

活性碳纤维生产及应用

一、前言 广泛应用于净化和分离等许多领域的活性炭通常为球形颗粒状、粉末状或模具压制状。最近,纤维状活性炭因其独有的特性而发展迅速,并在许多领域得到应用。 活性碳纤维(ACFs)和粒状及粉状活性炭相比性能独特。和常用于汽相、液相吸附的颗粒状活性炭相比,细纤维形状具有快速的颗粒内部动力学,在设计吸附元件时,这一点是很重要的,因为颗粒内部的扩散阻力大小是导致吸附元件尺寸显著下降的最重要因素。纤维可制成毡状或织物状,以及采用新发展的压模技术制成固定形状,便于运用操作。     

可乐丽与3M联合推出车用新型滤气材料

<正>日本可乐丽化学公司与美国3M公司近来联合开发出新型汽车用空气过滤净化材料,用于净化驾驶室内空气.这种新型材料是采用两层聚丙烯非织造布中间夹一层活性碳薄片结构,并用多种重金属(催化剂)固着在活性碳内许多不同直径的微孔表面,以便(催化转化)吸收氮的氧化物、硫     

活性碳滤材

美国佐治亚州雅典市雅典ImPo，tex公司近来开发出一种活性碳滤材。这种新型滤材使用的活性碳既能吸收空气中和静电纤维中的臭味，又可吸收控制空气中存有的少量变应素、细菌及病毒。它不同于传统活性碳媒体，即使不用任何粘合树脂也可涂上碳层。它具有徐碳延迟吸附性能，设计可使用于高速自动控制（I－IVAC）装置。该媒体既可单独使用．也可与座舱空气滤材、工商业设施、抗微生物复合材料及空气净化系统混合使用。活性碳滤材@许东平     

非织造布负载TiO_2/ACF净化室内甲醛的研究

采用正交实验分析法研究了负载TiO2/ACF的非织造布净化甲醛的性能,选择TiO2量、ACF量和光照强度三个因素、三个水平进行相关实验。结果表明,低水平TiO2/ACF负载量净化高浓度甲醛时,ACF量为最大影响因素,光照强度和TiO2量的影响次之;A3B3C2(ACF 3.6 g/m2,TiO22.6 g/m2,光照强度20μW/cm2)为最佳方案,其净化率达79.2%,净化效力为50.9μg/g。     

国内活性炭纤维的应用研究与开发

活性炭纤维(ACF)由于具有优异吸附性能和使用价值成为研究热点。但是,它在我国生产规模小、实际应用少。为了进一步深入研究,促进其推广应用,对近年来ACF的研发应用进展做了综述,并分析了阻碍其发展的原因。分析表明,规模小、生产和使用成本高、研究深度和实践应用不够,严重阻碍了ACF的推广应用。今后应该重点研究ACF的再生技术,扩大应用研究和实践领域,提高性价比,从而推广其应用。     

纳米TiO2与ACF复合材料净化空气性能的影响因素分析

对纳米TiO2与ACF相互作用增强净化效果进行了理论分析,介绍了TiO2表面羟基含量、晶相组成、薄膜的晶粒尺寸、薄膜的厚度、TiO2/ACF比表面积以及环境等单一因素对TiO2/ACF吸附光催化净化空气性能的影响。     

锆基金属有机骨架材料/活性碳纤维复合材料的制备及其降解性能

为改善活性碳材料在芥子气防护过程中存在的吸附易饱和、处置不当易造成二次污染等问题，制备了一种以活性碳纤维(ACF)为基材的新型降解材料。首先利用抽滤法将纳米锆溶胶沉积到ACF表面，随后采用层层自组装法，以ZrCl₄为金属簇、对苯二甲酸为有机配体，在纤维表面原位生长锆基金属有机骨架材料(Zr-MOF),最终制备出一种对芥子气模拟剂2-氯乙基乙基硫醚(CEES)有较高降解性能的Zr-MOF/ACF复合材料，综合采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、比表面积及孔结构分析等手段进行表征，并测试了其对CEES的降解性能和力学性能。结果表明：锆溶胶的引入有效提高了Zr-MOF在ACF表面的负载量，从而提升了所得材料对CEES的降解性能，并且力学性能也获得显著提高；综合考虑样品的降解性能、拉伸强度与制备效率，将经锆溶胶处理后进行15次循环处理的样品定为最佳工艺样品，经过24 h反应后，对CEES的降解率为83.08%,断裂强度为0.40 MPa,相比于酸化处理的活性碳纤维毡，复合材料的拉伸强度提升了80.99%。     

Modeling effective diffusivity of volatile organic compounds in activated carbon fiber

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) comprise 67% of total hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) that are emitted by major industrial point sources into the U.S. atmosphere (1). Adsorption by activated carbon fiber (ACF) has been recognized as one of the feasible regenerative control processes to separate and recover VOCs for reuse. Characteristics of VOCs transport in ACFs are required to efficiently design ACF sorption systems. However, extensive resources are spent experimentally obtaining transient sorption data to design adsorption systems. As an alternative, this work develops a new model that predicts effective diffusivities of VOCs into ACFs. The diffusion process is modeled as Knudsen transport into the ACF open pore spaces coupled with activated surface diffusion on the ACF's internal surface area. Temperature and Darken's factors are included in the surface diffusion model to provide corrections for thermodynamic state and deviation from Fick's Law, respectively. Depth of the adsorption potential well is considered as the product of the heat of adsorption of a reference VOC, an adsorption similarity factor, and a surface diffusion energy factor. Introduction of the adsorption similarity factor in the effective diffusivity model is a new concept providing a means to predict effective diffusivity of similar adsorption systems from a reference system. Experimental data from a short length column are used to determine effective diffusivity of acetone in ACF. Results from this diffusivity model are compared to experimental values for the acetone/ACF system to describe the degree of closure between modeled and experimental results.     

Exploring molecular sieve capabilities of activated carbon fibers to reduce the impact of NOM preloading on trichloroethylene adsorption

Adsorption of trichloroethylene (TCE) by two activated carbon fibers (ACFs) and two granular activated carbons (GACs) preloaded with hydrophobic and transphilic fractions of natural organic matter (NOM) was examined. ACF10, the most microporous activated carbon used in this study, had over 90% of its pore volume in pores smaller than 10 A. It also had the highest volume in pores 5-8 A, which is the optimum pore size region for TCE adsorption, among the four activated carbons. Adsorption of NOM fractions by ACF10 was, in general, negligible. Therefore, ACF10, functioning as a molecular sieve during preloading, exhibited the least NOM uptake for each fraction, and subsequently the highest TCE adsorption. The other three sorbents had wider pore size distributions, including high volumes in pores larger than 10 A, where NOM molecules can adsorb. As a result, they showed a higher degree of uptake for all NOM fractions, and subsequently lower adsorption capacities for TCE, as compared to ACF10. The results obtained in this study showed that understanding the interplay between the optimum pore size region for the adsorption of target synthetic organic contaminant (SOC) and the pore size region for the adsorption of NOM molecules is important for controlling NOM-SOC competitions. Experiments with different NOM fractions indicated that the degree of NOM loading is important in terms of preloading effects; however the waythatthe carbon pores are filled and loaded by different NOM fractions can be different and may create an additional negative impact on TCE adsorption.     

有限空间内空气净化材料研究的新进展

有限空间内空气净化材料的研究已引起人们的普遍关注。从室内空气净化方法入手,简要介绍了活性碳纤维、纳米二氧化肽光催化剂,以及活性碳纤维与纳米二氧化肽复合等室内空气净化材料研究的新进展,并对各自的优缺点进行了评述。     

Optimization of chemical activation of cotton fabrics for activated carbon fabrics production using response surface methodology

Abstract

The preparation of activated carbon fabric (ACF) from cotton fabric treated with phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) was optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM). Experimental activation variables including; impregnation ratio, heating rate, activation temperature, and activation time were optimized based on the responses evaluated (adsorption capacity, yield of the produced ACF). The operation conditions for obtaining the ACFs with the highest the adsorption capacity and process yield were proposed. Optimized conditions were: impregnation ratio of 2, heating rate of 7.5 °C min^?1, the activation temperature of 500 °C, and the activation time of 30 min. The ACFs produced under optimized conditions were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDX). The surface area and pore volume of carbon nanostructures were characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherm at 77 °K using BET method. The obtained results showed that the produced ACFs have developed porous structure, fabric shape, BET surface area (690 m²/g) and total pore volume (0.3216 cm³/g), and well-preserved fibers integrity.     

氧化石墨烯掺杂TiO2改性活性炭纤维

为更好地解决废水污染的问题,针对活性炭纤维(ACF)改性进行了研究。以活性炭纤维为基体,采用溶胶凝胶法制备氧化石墨烯(GO)掺杂二氧化钛(TiO₂)的溶液,通过浸渍提拉法实现负载,制备了GO掺杂TiO₂的活性炭纤维。借助红外光谱、拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射对其微观结构和表面形态进行表征和分析,并探讨了改性ACF的吸附动力学,以及GO对其可见光光催化降解性能的影响。结果表明:制备的GO-TiO₂/ACFs中TiO₂主要由锐钛矿相组成,GO的掺杂可抑制TiO₂晶体的生长和团聚,TiO₂的晶粒尺寸从15.7 nm降为8.1 nm。与TiO₂/ACFs相比,少量添加GO的GO-TiO₂/ACFs具有更优异的可见光吸附性能,对亚甲基蓝的去除率从65%增至85%,其吸附相比准一级动力学模型更符合准二级动力学模型,属单分子吸附。     

Adsorption of hydrogen sulfide onto activated carbon fibers: effect of pore structure and surface chemistry

To understand the nature of H2S adsorption onto carbon surfaces under dry and anoxic conditions, the effects of carbon pore structure and surface chemistry were studied using activated carbon fibers (ACFs) with different pore structures and surface areas. Surface pretreatments, including oxidation and heattreatment, were conducted before adsorption/desorption tests in a fixed-bed reactor. Raw ACFs with higher surface area showed greater adsorption and retention of sulfur, and heat treatment further enhanced adsorption and retention of sulfur. The retained amount of hydrogen sulfide correlated well with the amount of basic functional groups on the carbon surface, while the desorbed amount reflected the effect of pore structure. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the retained sulfurous compounds were strongly bonded to the carbon surface. In addition, surface chemistry of the sorbent might determine the predominant form of adsorbate on the surface.     

活性碳纤维净化室内空气的研究

本文分析了活性碳纤维的吸附特性与气相吸附性能 ,探讨了其在净化室内空气中的作用 ,并举例说明采用改性活性碳纤维去除室内空气污染物的效果。     

CO_2固体吸附剂研究述评

由于介孔材料具有比表面积大和空隙较多等优点,被广泛地应用于对空气中或工业废气中的CO2的吸附.活性炭、沸石、硅胶等传统的吸附剂具有制备方法简单、制造工艺成熟、成本低廉等优点,是吸附空气中CO2的首选材料,但较强的吸湿性使其不能用于高湿度的吸附环境等,而通过对传统的介孔材料进行表面改性,接枝胺类等碱性物质,将单纯的物理吸附转变为物理吸附和化学吸附共同作用的吸附方式,在改善吸附剂适应环境能力的同时也能增加吸附量.开发具有最佳结构且物理及化学性能稳定的功能复合吸附剂将是该领域的研究热点和主要方向.     

负载金属改性活性碳纤维材料制备及吸碘性能

以活性碳纤维（ACF）为原料,采用浸渍法制备了负载金属银的改性活性碳纤维（Ag-ACF）,并通过测定吸附材料在77 K的氮气吸附等温线对改性前后材料的比表面积和孔结构进行了表征.研究并比较了活性碳纤维在负载金属银后对碘的吸附性能,结果表明,在活性碳纤维上负载适量的金属银,可以显著地提高活性碳纤维对碘的吸附容量,原因是由于金属银对活性碳纤维比表面积和表面化学性质的修饰,并提高了活性碳纤维对碘的吸附势.     

The Evaluation of Activated Carbon in the Purification of Starch-based Sweeteners

Activated carbon is used in the manufacture of starch-based sweeteners such as glucose syrup, dextrose and isoglucose (HFCS) for purification and decolorization of these products. In this contribution the main production processes for activated carbon, that is steam activation and chemical activation are viewed, and the adsorptive properties of the resulting carbons are explained, based on standard adsorption tests (benzene adsorption, molasses number). Then the correlation between these properties and the aspects, that are important in the purification of starch-based sweeteners is established. With the help of results from laboratory tests on glucose syrup using activated carbons with different adsorptive properties, their specific qualities are demonstrated, and criteria for the selection of an activated carbon are discussed. Finally some practical aspects of the application of activated carbon are viewed.