氢气含量对含铁炉料还原及软熔性能的影响

为了研究氢气含量对含铁炉料还原及软熔性能的影响,利用程序还原炉分析了不同氢气含量对含铁炉料还原性能的影响,利用高温熔滴炉模拟高炉喷吹含氢煤气,研究了氢气含量对含铁炉料软熔性能的影响。结果表明,当增大氢气含量后,炉料的软化温度会升高,滴落温度逐渐降低,同时也会改善炉料结构的透气性,使得渣铁更加容易分离;氢气含量会使含铁炉料中的FeO含量降低,弱化了脱碳反应,从而促进生铁中碳含量的增加。低温时氢气含量对还原几乎没有促进作用,高温则会促进氢气的还原性能;同时,氢气会促进含铁炉料中铁的析出。     

喷吹高钙烟煤对含铁炉料熔滴性能的影响

针对某高钙烟煤低灰、低硫、低磷、高CaO、高热值、高燃烧率的特点，本文进行向高炉喷吹该烟煤的试验，研究熔剂入炉方式变化对含铁炉料性能的影响，探索高比例喷吹该烟煤条件下的炉料结构，为该烟煤大规模应用高炉喷吹奠定基础。研究结果表明：使用该烟煤后，除熔融开始温度和软化区间略有提高外，其他指标均降低；保持烟煤占比为30%不变，随着煤比由140 kg/t上升到200 kg/t,炉料的软化开始温度、软化终了温度、熔融终了温度逐渐增加，熔融开始温度、软化区间、最大压差变化不大，熔融区间和软熔层厚度呈现出先升高后降低的趋势；保持煤比为160 kg/t不变，随着烟煤占比从30%上升到100%,炉料的软化开始温度、软化终了温度、熔融开始温度、熔融终了温度整体呈现先升高后降低的趋势，软化区间呈现出先降低后升高的趋势，熔融区间、最大压差和软熔层厚度也呈现出先升高后降低的趋势。     

萤石和氧化镁对含钒钛高炉炉料熔滴性能的影响

利用高温熔滴炉模拟实际高炉软熔带的运行情况,探讨CaF2和MgO加入炉料后,对钒钛高炉炉料透气性、软熔带厚度、压差陡升温度、软熔区间、熔融区间等炉料高温物理性能的影响;为改善软熔带透气性,找出高炉合适软熔带位置,从而达到解决利用钒钛磁铁矿带来的不利影响的目的,为提高高炉强化冶炼目的提供重要依据。结果表明:炉料中添加萤石后对软化开始温度基本无明显影响,但使软化温度区间变窄,初渣带位置形成过早,软熔带厚度、最大压差、总特性值都升高。MgO的加入使软化开始温度升高,软化温度区间变窄,说明MgO的加入使软熔带位置下移,软熔带变薄。     

预还原含铁炉料在高炉内的软熔滴落行为

 试验考察不同金属化率、不同碳含量下预还原含铁炉料软熔滴落特性。结果表明：与未还原含铁炉料相比,预还原含铁炉料的软化温度区间或软熔温度区间虽然较大,但温度区间内的料柱压差较小;熔滴温度区间内,熔化开始温度随着金属化率的增加而升高,滴落温度随铁水碳含量的增加而降低,料柱的最大压差随着金属化率的增加而减小;软熔滴落性能特征值（SD）随着金属化率和碳含量的增加而减小。由此推测,高炉使用具有一定碳含量的预还原含铁炉料将有利于增大软化层空隙、降低熔融层厚度,从而改善软熔带的透气性。     

Al_2O_3对含钒钛高炉炉料熔滴性能的影响

利用高温熔滴炉模拟实际高炉软熔带的运行情况,探讨Al_2O_3对含钒钛高炉炉料的软化温度、熔化温度、最大压差等高温物理性能的影响。结果表明:Al_2O_3含量增加后炉料的软化开始温度(T_(10))和软化终了温度(T_(40))升高,软化区间(ΔT_1)变窄;炉料的熔化开始温度(T_s)降低,滴落温度(T_d)升高,熔化区间(ΔT_(ds))变宽;炉料的最大压差(ΔP_(max))升高,熔滴总特性值(S值)增大,熔滴性能变差。试验结果表明Al_2O_3含量的增加对炉料的熔滴性能产生了负效应。     

鼓风条件及块矿比例对炉料软熔性能的影响

为了研究不同鼓风条件下块矿比例对高炉含铁炉料软熔性能的影响,计算模拟了3种鼓风条件下的温度和气体含量并使用高温熔滴炉研究了块矿比例对含铁炉料软熔性能的影响,进而进行综合炉料结构优化的分析。结果表明,富氧、加湿鼓风条件下,氢气含量增加,能有效降低炉内最大压差,窄化熔融区间,改善炉内透气性;富氧、加湿鼓风条件下,块矿比例的增加虽然会导致炉内最大压差和软熔区间的增大,但是最大压差的绝对值仍远小于基准条件下的最大压差值,软熔带宽度也小于基准条件下的宽度。可以得知,在富氧和加湿鼓风条件下适当增加块矿比例,综合炉料软熔性能仍然优于基准条件,且能降低高炉生产成本,对于炉料结构是一种有效的优化措施。     

球团矿中MgO含量对炉料熔滴性能的影响

球团矿带入适宜的MgO可以提高炉渣的冶金性能,有利于高炉冶炼。为了探究球团矿MgO含量对高炉炉料性能的影响,在全球团冶炼的条件下,以高炉终渣成分为依据进行配料,利用高温熔滴炉检测球团矿不同w(MgO)时高炉初渣性质、炉料软熔滴落性能的变化情况。试验结果表明,随球团矿w(MgO)升高,初渣中未矿化的MgO明显增多,软化结束温度升高,软化温度区间变宽,炉料软化性能变差。当球团矿w(MgO)大于1.01%后初渣熔点升高,导致熔化特征温度升高,熔化带位置向高温区移动,熔化温度区间变窄,熔化带透气性提高;炉料的软熔带温度区间由229 ℃升高至269 ℃,软熔带增厚,炉料整体透气性变差。由于初渣中w((MgO))随之增加,初渣黏度升高,炉料最大压差和熔滴性能特征值增大。因此,在试验范围内,随球团矿w(MgO)升高,高炉炉料的软熔滴落性能恶化,渣铁分离变差,不利于高炉顺行。     

高炉炉料配加热压含碳球团软熔滴落性能的试验研究

 以常用的炼铁原料为基础,系统研究了配加不同比例的热压含碳球团对高炉炉料的软熔滴落性能的影响,并进行了理论分析。研究表明,配加热压含碳球团对高炉综合炉料的软化区间、熔化区间、滴落率和透气性等软熔滴落性能参数有显著的影响。随着热压含碳球团配比的增加,软化区间t40-t4逐渐变宽;熔化区间tD-tS逐渐变窄,熔化开始温度tS逐渐升高,滴落温度tD逐渐降低;滴落率先增加后降低,当配比为40%时,滴落率最高,为6710%;最高压差先下降后升高,但在配加热压含碳球团条件下,炉料的最高压差都有所降低。从综合炉料的软熔滴落性能综合考虑,高炉炉料配加热压含碳球团的适宜配比应为40%~50%。     

高镁碱性球团矿冶金性能试验研究

为了优化唐山建龙高炉炉料结构和改善镁质酸性球团矿质量,运用Fact Sage热力学模拟软件探索了球团焙烧过程中液相量的变化规律,同时采用本地磁铁矿为原料,通过配加镁基、钙基熔剂,研究了MgO含量及碱度对高镁碱性球团矿冶金性能的影响规律。结果表明:固定MgO含量为1.0时,随着碱度提高,球团中铁酸钙生成量增多,同时铁酸钙占总液相量的比例增加;荷重软化初始温度升高,软化区间先变窄后变宽;低温还原粉化及还原性呈先上升后降低的趋势,并在碱度为1.0时达到最佳。固定碱度为1.0时,随着MgO含量增加,铁酸钙生成量减少,其所占总液相量的比例也降低;软化初始温度升高,软化区间先变窄后变宽;低温还原粉化及还原性能得到改善。总体而言,碱度控制在1.0且MgO含量为1.0%时,高镁碱性球团矿的冶金性能最优。     

碱度对含钒钛高炉炉料熔滴性能的影响

利用高温熔滴炉模拟实际高炉软熔带的运行情况,探讨承钢炉料结构条件下,不同碱度对含钒钛高炉炉料软化温度、熔化温度、最大压差、熔滴综合指标等高温物理性能的影响。试验结果表明:碱度在1.38~1.68变化时,随着碱度的升高炉料软化开始温度(T10)升高,由1 180℃升高到1 197℃;软化区间(ΔT1)变窄,由197℃下降到124℃。熔化开始温度(Ts)升高,由1 240℃升高到1 263℃;熔化区间(ΔTds)变窄,由175℃下降到134℃。最大压差(ΔPmax)降低,由14.70 k Pa降低到8.71 k Pa,料层透气性得到改善。熔滴综合指标(S值)降低,由1 301 k Pa·℃降低到638 k Pa·℃,炉料熔滴性能变好。当碱度超过1.68后炉料部分熔滴性能指标变差,因此碱度1.68是承钢现有炉料结构条件下最适宜的碱度。     

高炉冶炼钒钛磁铁矿合理炉料结构的研究

合理的炉料结构是高炉冶炼钒钛磁铁矿最重要的内容之一.本文基于现场生产条件,在保证炉渣二元碱度、焦比、煤比等不变的条件下,进行不同碱度钒钛烧结矿和不同球团比例的综合炉料软熔滴落的试验,研究了高炉冶炼钒钛磁铁矿的合理炉料结构.结果表明,随着综合炉料中烧结矿碱度的提高和球团比例的增加,综合炉料的软化开始温度T4基本不变,软化终了温度T40升高,软化区间（T40-T4）变宽;综合炉料的熔化开始温度TS逐渐升高,熔化终了温度TD逐渐上升,熔化区间TD-Ts明显收窄,综合炉料的透气性能明显改善;同时初铁中V、Cr含量增加,V、Cr收得率明显提高.因此,在一定的范围内,提高综合炉料中钒钛烧结矿的碱度和球团比例,有利于高炉冶炼钒钛矿合理炉料结构的形成.     

Impact of Sinter Basicity and Alumina on Softening Melting Behavior in Blast Furnace

Softening–melting (SM) experiments have been carried out by using sinter basicity (CaO/SiO2) 1.74 to 2.09 and alumina content 2.90 to 3.39%. The objective of the work is to find the relation between sinter basicity and alumina on SM temperature range, so that we can improve the furnace performance. The increase in basicity of sinter from 1.74 to 2.09 at alumina 2.90 decreases softening start temperature and increases melting finish temperature. Thus, there is a rise in the SM temperature range from 192 to 245 degree Celsius (°C) which increases the gas flow resistance and reduces the permeability across the cohesive zone and deteriorating furnace performance, whereas on the other hand, with an increase in basicity from 1.74 to 2.09 at alumina 3.39, it decreases both softening start temperature and melting finish temperature. Thus, there is a decrease in the SM temperature range from 230 to 220 °C, which shows slight improvement in gas flow resistance.     

Controlling the peripheral temperature of the blast furnace

Increase in FeO content lowers the initial melting temperature of primary slags in the blast furnace and prevents the formation of stable surface coatings. That increases the thermal loads on the coolers in the bosh and bosh extension and correspondingly increases the heat losses. The FeO content in the primary slags is determined by the indirect reduction. In the present work, means of reducing the thermal loads on the coolers in the bosh and bosh extension are assessed. Decrease in the gas temperature at the furnace periphery is accompanied by change in the degree of indirect reduction. Hence, the peripheral temperature may be regarded as an indicator of the degree of indirect reduction. A model of the gas temperature and the reducing effect of the gas at the furnace periphery is developed and may be used to optimize the thermal state of the furnace shaft in the peripheral zone.     

铁矿粉矿物组成对烧结矿冶金性能的影响

 为了研究混匀矿的微观矿物组成对烧结矿性能的影响,首先使用XRD精修手段定量分析了矿粉的矿物组成,进而设计烧结杯试验。通过检测试验所得烧结矿的冶金性能和观察所得烧结矿的矿相结构得到,赤铁矿、石英能促使软化开始温度升高,赤铁矿对烧结矿的还原性也是有利的,而高岭石不利于烧结矿还原性的维持,还会降低烧结矿的软化开始温度,使熔融温度区间增大。随着针铁矿含量增加,烧结矿低温还原粉化指数先降低后增高。在矿相结构方面,相较于赤铁矿,针铁矿更容易生成针状铁酸钙,高岭石分解产生的SiO2产生了硅酸盐相。由此可知,混匀矿中赤铁矿、针铁矿FeO(OH)、高岭石、石英等矿物对烧结矿的性能有着较为显著的影响。     

Softening and Melting Behavior of Mixed Burden for Oxygen Blast Furnace

 The behaviors of mixed burden in the cohesive zone of oxygen blast furnace were studied by softening and melting tests, and the influence of reducing gas and burden basicity on the softening and melting behaviors of mixed burden was also investigated. The results indicated that the softening range became wide, however, the melting range narrowed sharply in the atmosphere of oxygen blast furnace. The permeability of burden in the oxygen blast furnace was obviously improved comparing with the conventional blast furnace. In addition, the content of sulphur in the dripping iron of oxygen blast furnace was much lower than that of conventional blast furnace, however, the content of carbon increased. An optimum basicity of burden, which could lead to the appearance of the narrower melting range and better permeability of burden, was obtained in the atmosphere of oxygen blast furnace.     

高炉下部区域气液平衡实证研究

 通过炉腹煤气量指数与透气阻力系数的关系,研究了炉腹煤气量指数的控制对改善炉内料柱透气能力的作用以及对高炉下部区域气液平衡的影响。依据实际生产技术指标数据加以实证分析,绘制炉腹煤气量指数液泛关联图。研究结果表明,炉腹煤气量指数能够较好地用于衡量高炉强化程度,对提高煤气利用效率、保持高炉下部气液平衡、维持高炉稳定顺行具有重要意义。     

Influence of Profile of Blast Furnace on Motion and Stress of Burden by 3D-DEM

 The objective of the present investigation is to analyze the influence of profile of blast furnace on the burden motion and stress field through 3D-DEM (three-dimensional discrete element method). It is clarified that the decrease of shaft angle speeds up the velocity of burden descending and decreases normal stress between particles or particle and wall. This change is good for the smooth operation of blast furnace. However, ore and coke would be mixed for the too small shaft angle (75°), which would influence the permeability in blast furnace. Thus, the appropriate shaft angle is around 80°. Decrease of bosh angle prevents the burden descending motion and increases normal stress between particles and bosh wall. Meanwhile, maximum normal stress acting on the wall moves from belly wall to bosh wall in the case of 68° bosh angle, which accelerates abrasion of refractory in bosh by friction force between particles and wall. Although burden descends smoothly in the case of 88° bosh angle, room is not enough for the ascending heated gas flow. Thus, the appropriate bosh angle is about 78°.