甲醇脱氢制无水甲醛的研究进展

甲醇直接脱氢制无水甲醛是具有工业化前景的新工艺。介绍了该领域催化剂及相关工艺的研究现状。利用金属、金属氧化物、金属难熔盐和分子筛催化剂以及相关工艺技术制得定量的无水甲醛,该技术目前处于研发阶段,离工业化尚有一定距离,在催化剂的选择性、稳定性及使用寿命等方面有待于改进。     

B2O3改性Na2CO3催化剂用于甲醇脱氢制无水甲醛

以B₂O₃为助催化剂,采用研磨混合法改性Na₂CO₃催化剂,在固定床反应器中催化甲醇脱氢制备无水甲醛,考察催化剂的组成和反应条件等对催化反应的影响,采用XRD、TG-DTG、N₂吸附-脱附、SEM和CO₂-TPD等对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,以B₂O₃为助催化剂采用机械研磨混合法改性的Na₂CO₃催化剂,增加了催化剂的比表面积,在(10～30) nm增加了大量的孔道,平均孔径达18.44 nm,比表面积为1.65 m²·g^-1,且B₂O₃分布均匀,改性后的催化剂碱性降低,在催化甲醇脱氢制备无水甲醛的反应中,催化活性明显高于Na₂CO₃催化剂,表明B₂O₃改性Na₂CO₃催化剂能提高甲醇转化率和甲醛选择性。在B₂O₃/Na₂CO₃催化剂中B₂O₃质量分数为30%、甲醇进料质量分数为26%、反应温度为650 ℃和甲醇重时空速为2.94 h^-1条件下,甲醇转化率达59.97%,甲醛选择性达83.28%。     

甲醇脱氢制无水甲醛钠催化剂研究

0前言 甲醛是化学工业中的一种重要的大宗产品，由于它具有较强的反应性，所以甲醛非常广泛地用于如薄膜的研究开发、纺织工业和皮革工业，用作杀菌剂、或在无碳复写纸的生产中用作黑墨汁母体的微囊包封过程中的鞣剂。不过，生产的甲醛大部份用于各种树指和塑料的制取。     

甲醇催化脱氢合成无水甲醛

利用甲醇催化脱氢合成无水甲醛是一条新的工艺路线。评述了这一领域内的研究进展，所研究的催化剂有四大类，其中一些有较高的甲醇转化率和甲醛的选择性。     

SiO2载体对Cu/SiO2催化剂的影响

分别以硅溶胶、气相SiO2、介孔SBA-15分子筛为载体,采用共沉淀法制备了Cu/SiO2催化剂,含活性组分Cu质量分数为25%。运用BET、XRD、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD等对催化剂进行表征。结果表明:以硅溶胶和气相SiO2为载体制得催化剂的Cu物种分散性较差,以SBA-15为载体制得催化剂的Cu物种以高度分散的形式存在,且具有较大的比表面积,较低的还原温度和较大的酸量。     

甲醇直接脱氢制甲醛催化剂研究进展

简要叙述了甲醇直接脱氢制甲醛催化剂的研究进展情况,介绍了甲醇脱氢反应所用3类催化剂：金属及其氧化物、碱金属盐和分子筛催化剂。讨论了各类催化剂对甲醇直接脱氢制甲醛的选择性及转化率的影响,并从催化剂的活性、寿命和经济性等方面分析了其优缺点及应用前景。     

逆水煤气变换耦合乙烷脱氢反应中助剂对Cr/SiO2催化剂性能的影响

分别制备了以Mn、Ce、Cu、Zn、K等为助剂的Cr/SiO2催化剂,考察了助剂在逆水煤气变换耦合乙烷脱氢制乙烯反应中对Cr/SiO2催化剂反应性能的影响。结果表明,高温下Mn的加入有利于催化活性的提高,Cr-Mn/SiO2催化剂显示了较好的催化活性。在740℃、n(CO2)/n(C2H6)=7的条件下,乙烷转化率为47%,乙烯选择性为99%。XRD、XPS、UV-DRS和TPR技术的表征表明催化剂表面存在Cr3+、Cr6+、Mn4+物种,Mn的加入使得催化剂还原性能增强,有助于反应过程中氧化还原循环的进行,提高了反应活性。     

Deactivation of Cu/ZnO catalyst during dehydrogenation of methanol

The deactivation of Cu/ZnO catalyst during methanol dehydrogenation to form methyl formate has been studied. The Cu/ZnO catalyst was seriously deactivated under the reaction conditions: various temperatures of 493, 523 and 553 K, atmospheric pressure and methanol GHSV of 3000 ml (STP)/g-cat h. The weight loss due to reduction of ZnO in the Cu/ ZnO catalyst was monitored by a microbalance. X-ray induced Auger spectroscopy of Zn(L₃M_4,5M_4,5) showed the increase in the concentration of metallic Zn on the catalyst surface after the reaction. Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) of the Cu/ZnO catalyst with methanol demonstrated that the reduction of ZnO in Cu/ ZnO was suppressed by introduction of CO₂ into the stream of helium-methanol. As the concentration of CO₂ in the feed gas increased, the weight loss of the Cu/ZnO catalyst due to the reduction of ZnO decreased. The deactivation of the Cu/ZnO catalyst in the methanol dehydrogenation was also retarded by the addition of CO₂. In particular, oxygen injection into the reactant feed regenerated the Cu/ ZnO catalyst deactivated during the reaction. Based on these observations, the cause of deactivation of the Cu/ZnO catalyst has been discussed.     

甲醛乙炔化反应中CuO-Bi2O3/SiO2-MgO催化剂活化过程研究

甲醛与乙炔发生炔化反应合成1,4-丁炔二醇,选用铜铋作为催化剂。模拟最具代表性的工业炔化催化剂以研究甲醛乙炔化反应的活化过程,制备高性能CuO-Bi₂O₃/SiO₂-MgO催化剂,结合XRD、H₂-TPR、TG-DTA和N₂-TPD-MS等表征,研究炔化催化剂活化过程中铜物种的转变,获得最优催化剂活化方法。结果表明,CuO在甲醛溶液中无乙炔存在下可定向转化为Cu₂O,但经乙炔活化后活性较低,归因于还原过程中Cu物种的流失及晶粒长大。而在甲醛与乙炔协同作用下,CuO可快速转变为Cu的炔化物种,表现出较高的炔化活性。表明炔化催化剂的活化过程必须在甲醛与乙炔同时存在的条件下进行。     

The active site for methanol synthesis on a Cu/ZnO/SiO2 catalyst

This note rectifies serious omissions from the references included in a recent paper by Fujitani et al. concerned with methanol synthesis over Cu/SiO₂ containing ZnO. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Cu/SiO2 catalyst prepared by electroless method

Cu/SiO₂ catalysts prepared by an electroless deposition method were investigated and compared with those by an impregnation method. Copper contents varied from 5% to 15% and SiO₂ was used as support. All catalysts were characterized by BET, DSC, SEM and TPR and tested by an n-butanol dehydrogenation reaction for activities and stabilities. BET analysis showed that the catalysts prepared by the two methods present larger average pore size and less surface area than those of the fresh SiO₂, indicating that smaller pores may get blocked during the course of preparation. This blockage is more severe in the impregnation method. SEM photos showed that the electroless method produces smaller copper crystals than the impregnated method. The reaction activity was found to be in the order of the calcined electroless copper catalyst>the fresh electroless copper catalyst>impregnated copper catalyst. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry     

甲醇氧化制甲醛铁钼催化剂研究

采用共沉淀法制备了不同Mo与Fe原子比的甲醇氧化制甲醛催化剂,在常压固定床反应器上对催化剂进行活性评价,采用BET、XRD和TEM对制备的催化剂进行表征。结果表明, Mo与Fe原子比为2.2~2.8时,催化剂具有较好的活性,(400~450) ℃焙烧的催化剂具有良好的比表面积、适宜的孔容和孔径,形成了较为稳定的MoO₃和Fe2(MoO₄)₃晶相,使催化剂具有更高的活性和选择性。对甲醇氧化制甲醛反应进行研究,结果表明,在反应温度(265~315) ℃,空速(8 500~13 000) h^-1时,甲醇转化率>98%,甲醛收率>93%, 500 h长周期考核,催化剂表现出良好的活性和稳定性。     

用于二乙醇胺脱氢的Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/ZrO2催化剂的制备与表征

以氢氧化钠为沉淀剂,硝酸铜、硝酸锌、硝酸铝和硝酸氧锆为原料,采用共沉淀法制备出了用于二乙醇胺脱氢制亚氨基二乙酸的Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/ZrO2催化剂,并用物理吸附(BET)和X射线衍射(XRD)对不同种类的铜基催化剂进行了表征,探讨了ZnO和Al2O3的不同比例对催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,同时加入ZnO和Al2O3的Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/ZrO2催化剂具有大的比表面积,Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/ZrO2催化剂具有非晶态结构。该催化剂适宜的反应条件为:w(NaOH)=30%、反应温度160℃、压力1.0 MPa,二乙醇胺转化率可达100%,亚氨基二乙酸收率可达95.61%。