合成元三维相控阵天线辐射空间多重控制理论的研究

在接收阵天线中,提高信/噪比,即最大化增益并有效地抑制干扰一直成为研究的中心课题。本文围绕着这个中心,提出了振子型合成元三维相控阵天线辐射空间多重控制理论。它包括:合成元三维阵远区辐射场表达式;合成元在三维空间辐射场型最大方向可控性质;阵辐射场图型多重零点控制的基本关系;在多重零点控制强制条件下,合成元三维相控阵天线方向增益最大化。     

发射自适应波束形成技术研究

在天线阵发射波束时进行方向图零点控制是现代雷达采用的先进技术之一,该文分析了一种唯相位共轭梯度自适应于扰置零算法,并详细叙述了我们研制的基于TMS320C31的雷达自适应干扰对零阵列处理实验系统。理论分析和实验结果均表明系统能有效置零抑制干扰、是一种实用性强的系统。     

遗传算法在宽窄波束切换天线阵设计中的应用

采用对天线单元开关通断的方法,使天线阵形成不同的远场辐射方向图,实现阵列天线方向图宽波束和窄波束的切换。对一个24元线阵天线阵进行了设计。提出了一种改进的遗传算法及其目标函数模型。采用该算法对天线阵各个天线单元的电流幅度进行了优化计算,计算结果显示能够产生满足设计要求的宽波束和窄波束方向图。最后采用HFSS软件进行了仿真,计算结果与仿真结果吻合,证明了所提方法的有效性。     

基于G-S正交化方法的宽零陷方向图综合

在线性阵列天线方向图无约束Gram-Schmidt(G-S)正交化综合方法基础上加入零点导数约束条件实现宽零陷波束图综合.此方法保持了无约束正交化方法中因采用对阵列导向矢量正交化处理而使得计算简便的优点,适合均匀或非均匀直线阵的综合.实验结果表明,此零点约束正交方法能很好实现在零阶、一阶和二阶导数约束条件下线性阵列波束图的综合.     

经济型舰载相控阵截获雷达天线

介绍一种试验性质和截获雷达天线,该天线采用相控阵技术,经济实用,天线阵用带有移相器的裂缝波导阵实现波束的方位面扫描,通过配置在裂缝阵前面的Radant透镜进行波束的俯仰面扫描,这样就避免在每个辐射单元后面使用移相器或T／R组件,从而利用行0－列相位控制简化对波束的控制,降低天线阵的成本,与每个辐射单元后面使用移相器或T／R组件的同样尺寸的天线阵相比,该天线阵的生产费用估计不到前者的1／3     

基于EIRP最优的智能天线阵赋型算法研究

在实际天线阵列中,由于互耦的影响会使得单天线阵元辐射方向图畸变,导致传统的波束赋形算法性能恶化甚至失效。针对这个问题,文中提出了基于等效全向功率约束条件的粒子群算法,避免了传统的波束赋形算法的失效,提升了系统的等效全向功率。同时,为了减弱干扰方向的影响,文中进一步提出了零陷生成方案。仿真结果显示本文提出的算法不仅能够提升波束的等效全向功率,而且可以有效地生成干扰方向的零陷。     

共形球面阵的分析及其方向图综合

为了实现空中平台波束覆盖范围的需求,引用了共形球面天线阵。它的波束覆盖范围可以达到? 90°的空间范围。 本文首先对球面阵的辐射方向图进行分析,分析了球面阵阵因子,其次介绍了自适应波束形成理论。并通过自适应算法 得到各阵单元间的幅度和相位的加权因子。     

四维多极化天线阵

针对通信感知一体化应用,利用四维天线阵技术实现了能够同时辐射多个极化波的新型天线阵。该天线阵列由四维天线阵馈电网络和4端口圆环阵列组成。四维天线阵特有的时间调制特性可以在不改变天线结构且不引入移相器的情况下,在中心频率产生垂直极化全向辐射波束,在第一边带产生左旋圆极化定向辐射波束,在负一边带产生右旋圆极化定向辐射波束。相比于传统极化可重构、波束可重构天线,四维天线阵结构简单,且三种极化状态和两种辐射波束可以同时实现,更好地满足多功能一体化系统需求。     

强干扰下的波束形成

提出强干扰条件下等距线阵的波束形成方法。该方法将空间角度映射到数字频率,对阵列方向图的设计就等效于对FIR滤波器的零点设计。在强干扰方向形成零陷可采用零点修改法与零点增加法2种设计方法,由于该2种方法均会使波束主瓣方向略有改变,且对旁瓣的抑制能力有所下降,所以要设计方向图指向正确且对旁瓣电平有要求的方向图时需要进行迭代设计。仿真结果表明,该2种设计方法适用于强干扰条件下弱信号的接收。     

用于机载SAR的距离向波束赋形微带天线阵的研究

通过对宽测绘带的机载合成孔径雷达距离向回波特性的分析,推导出了天线距离向辐射赋形方向图表达式。利用Schelkunoff单位圆结合零限填充对天线阵进行综合,得到了天线各单元激励幅度和相位,并利用微带贴片天线阵列实现赋形波束方向图。该文用两种介质配置分别加工了实验样阵列,实验结果、仿真结果与理论综合结果三者吻合较好,从而证明了赋形方法正确,技术路线可行。     

ANTENNA ARRAY PATTERN NULL STEERING——A THEORETICAL INTRODUCTION

The antenna array pattern null steering is one of the important current topics in the array synthesis theory, due to it's very effectiveness to suppress the interfering signals. Thus in this paper the problem of forming nulls in the radiational pattern of three-dimensional arrays is discussed. This paper deals with the following aspects: The essential relations forming multi-nulls in the arrays are analysed by the method of vector space. A method forming multi-null regions is presented in terms of the extensive property of null itself. The resolvent formulation of the radiational pattern of multi-null steering is derived. The numerical results are given and discussed. The resolvent formulation is analogous to the one of the adaptive arrays.     

任意形状旁瓣波束形成技术研究

在自适应零陷形成的基础上,提出了一种自适应加权算法,用于任意阵型阵列构成具有任意形状旁瓣的波束图,并考虑基元方向性对波束图的影响.给出了实现自适应加权算法的三个步骤,预先设定所需旁瓣形状及旁瓣级,采用循环,最终使旁瓣与预设形状吻合.将该算法用于均匀线阵和抛物线阵,均得到期望的结果,并与道夫-切比雪夫加权作了相应比较.研究表明,基元的方向性对该算法波束形成的影响很小,新算法可以消除基元宽带方向性对波束的影响.     

粒子群阵列天线方向图适应值函数研究

在粒子群算法优化阵列天线方向图时,适应值函数的选取对算法收敛和优化效率都有着至关重要的影响。针对复杂多指标方向图优化容易早熟收敛,提出了一种分步的适应值函数策略,通过分阶段提高优化指标,可以更好地促进算法收敛和提升优化效率。仿真结果表明：将此适应值策略应用于天线方向图综合中,在不改变算法本身的同时,可以在多零点和低旁瓣约束情况下取得更好的优化效果。     

一种基于面阵的旁瓣对消方法

目前基于阵列的旁瓣对消方法,主要是通过自适应算法对各阵元进行幅度和相位加权,使得阵列波束图在于扰方向上形成零陷,即可对该方向上的干扰进行抑制。由于利用了自适应算法,所以随着阵元数的增多,该算法的硬件实现将越来越难,甚至会导致算法失效。以面阵为倒,提出了两种在干扰来波方向上快速形成零陷的方法。这两种方法摒弃了以往方法中的自适应权值求取过程,只需要利用事先求取好的权值对选定的阵元进行加权处理,极大地增强了系统的实时处理能力。另外,两种方法形成的零陷足够深且宽,对主瓣没有影响。     

Admittance analysis of nonuniformly spaced phased arrays of waveguide apertures in a ground plane

A general formulation for the analysis of a phased array of waveguide apertures in a common ground plane has been given for finite number of elements and nonuniform spacings based on network representation of the system. The analysis yields the radiation pattern, reflection coefficient, and aperture field in each waveguide. The pattern of an array of physically identical elements is expressed as superposition of patterns of infinite number of arrays. The formulation, when applied to single and two aperture cases, confirms the known results. It is then applied to investigate the properties of the element position modulated phased array of 15 rectangular waveguide apertures excited by uniform incident waves. Uniformly spaced arrays are also analyzed for comparison. The dominant mode and one higher order evanescent mode are included in the computations. The results show that the overall power reflection coefficient of the nonuniform array does not undergo any peaks over a wide scan range. It is concluded that the advantages of nonuniformly spaced arrays in suppressing grating lobes and eliminating blind spots are physically realizable.     

Analysis of an over-constrained adaptive array

In antenna arrays, the number of nulls that can be formed independently is equal to or less than the number of array elements minus one. Therefore, if the number of interferences exceeds the number of freedom for pattern synthesis in adaptive arrays, nulls in the radiation pattern can not be steered toward each interference direction. To clarify the behavior of the adaptive array in such an environment, an analysis is made for the case where two interferences are impinging on the two-element directionally constrained adaptive array. As a result, it is proved that the adaptive array acts to reduce the undesired noise power at the array output. However, improvement in output signal-to-noise ratio is insufficient because of the limitation in null formation.     

Surface-wave phenomena in phased slot arrays with parasitic wirearrays

Blind spots observed in structures consisting of a slot array and parasitic straight wire arrays are investigated. Each blind spot is found to be associated with either a pattern null or the excitation of a surface wave on the corrugated structure consisting of the parasitic wires and conducting screen, with the slots shorted. The plane-wave-expansion technique is used to evaluate the coupling between arrays. It is shown analytically that for structures consisting of a single wire array, the blind spot can exist only at broadside, where there is a pattern null for the parasitic wires. For structures with two-wire arrays, such as an array of Clavin elements, a surface wave can be excited at a particular scan angle provided a certain uniformity condition in the structure is satisfied. The information presented is relevant to the incorporation of parasitic wire arrays for scan compensation     

Basic array theory

Basic antenna array theory is outlined with major emphasis on pattern analysis and synthesis for periodic linear and planar arrays, phased arrays, and conformal arrays. Extension is made to synthesis techniques which use computer algorithms. These include arbitrary sidelobe control, shaped beams, and phase-only null steering. The subjects of random errors and phased array quantization errors are outlined     

Finite periodic structure approach to large scanning array problems

There are two conventional techniques dealing with mutual coupling problems for antenna arrays. The "element-by-element" method is useful for small to moderate size arrays. The "infinite periodic structure" method deals with one cell of infinite periodic structures, including all the mutual coupling effects. It cannot, however, include edge effects, current tapers, and nonuniform spacings. A new technique called the "finite periodic structure" method, is presented and applied to represent the active impedance of an array, it involves two operations. The first is to convert the discrete array problem into a series of continuous aperture problems by the use of Poisson's sum formula. The second is to use spatial Fourier transforms to represent the impedance in a form similar to the infinite periodic structure approach. The active impedance is then given by a convolution integral involving the infinite periodic structure solution and the Fourier transform of the equivalent aperture distribution of the current over the entire area of the array. The formulation is particularly useful for large finite arrays, and edge effects, current tapers, and nonuniform spacings can also be included in the general formulation. Although the general formulation is valid for both the free and forced modes of excitation, the forced excitation problem is discussed to illustrate the method.     

Antenna array pattern nulling by controlling both amplitude and phase using modified touring ant colony optimization algorithm

This paper presents an efficient method, based on the modified touring ant colony optimization algorithm, for null steering of linear antenna arrays by controlling both the amplitude and the phase of array elements. The maximum sidelobe level, the null depth level and the dynamic range ratio are taken into account in the pattern synthesis. Simulation results for Chebyshev patterns with the imposed single, multiple and broad nulls are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.