Effect of particle morphology on flow characteristics of a composite plasma spray powder

The effects of BaF₂-CaF₂ particle morphology on National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) PS304 feedstock powder flowability were investigated, BaF₂-CaF₂ eutectic powders were fabricated by comminution (producing an angular morphology) and by gas atomization (producing a spherical morphology). The fluoride powders were added incrementally to the other powder constituents of the NASA PS304 feedstock, (Ni-Cr, Cr₂O₃, and Ag powders). A linear relationship between flow time and concentration of the BaF₂-CaF₂ powder was found. The flow of the powder blend with spherical BaF₂-CaF₂ was better than that with angular BaF₂-CaF₂. The flowability of the powder blend with angular fluorides decreased linearly with increasing fluoride concentration. However, the flow of the powder blend with spherical fluorides was independent of fluoride concentration. The results suggest that for this material blend, particle morphology plays a significant role in flow behavior, offering potential methods to improve powder flowability and enhance the commercial potential. These findings may be applicable to other difficult-to-flow powders such as cohesive ceramics.     

Comparison of atmospheric plasma sprayed anode layers for SOFCs using different feedstock

Atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) is a cost-effective way to produce solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) components. When using APS, therefore, sinter steps can be avoided, which is essential once a metallic support is used for the SOFC. Several properties are required regarding the microstructure of an optimized anode layer. Here, gas permeability, electrochemistry, electronic conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, as well as thermal shock resistance have to be considered. Different types of powder feedstock were investigated to develop an atmospheric plasma sprayed anode layer: (a) NiO or Ni together with YSZ as starting materials, (b) agglomerates in which NiO and YSZ are already mixed on a submicrometer range, (c) blended NiO/YSZ powder, and (d) separate injection of the individual NiO and YSZ powders, respectively, into the plasma by two separate powder lines. The performance of APS anodes are measured in single fuel-cell tests. Anode layers sprayed by a separate injection of the individual NiO and YSZ powders into the plasma show the best results. This article was originally published inBuilding on 100 Years of Success, Proceedings of the 2006 International Thermal Spray Conference (Seattle, WA), May 15–18, 2006, B.R. Marple, M.M. Hyland, Y.-Ch. Lau, R.S. Lima, and J. Voyer, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2006.     

Behavior of porosity and copper oxidation in W/Cu composite produced by plasma spray

A spherical tungsten (W)/copper (Cu) composite powder was plasma-sprayed onto a boron-nitride-coated graphite substrate to produce heat sink material for the electronic packaging by atmospheric plasma spray using different input powers. At the surface of the deposited layer, Cu became oxidized to cuprite (Cu₂O). The degree of oxidation at the surface layer did not vary significantly with input power. Very little Cu₂O was detected at the inner layers after grinding off the 70 μm from the surface. The input powers had a strong effect on the porosity in the deposit layers. The porosity in the deposit layers at 25 kW was very small, about 3 vol%. The microstructures of W/Cu composite were discussed.     

ZrB2-Al2O3复合粉体的制备及应用综述

以ZrO2（或ZrOCl2·8H2O）、B2O3（或H3BO3）和工业Al粉为原料,在氩（氮）气气氛中合成了ZrB2-Al2O3复合粉体,较佳的摩尔配比为ZrO2（ZrOCl2·8H2O）：H3BO3：Al=3：6：20。自蔓延高温合成法、微波法以及高能球磨法合成的复合粉体晶粒细小,具有良好的成型性和烧结性。ZrB2-Al2O3复合粉体可用来制备高性能陶瓷以及作为含碳耐火材料的添加剂来提高材料的抗氧化性和抗侵蚀性,此复合粉体在磨料磨具工业也有广阔的应用前景。     

Influence of substrate properties on the impact resistance of WC cermet coatings

This research delivers a generic understanding of the design and integrated performance of the coating-substrate systems under impact loading, and comprehends the understanding of underpinning failure mechanisms. Repeated severe impacts to the coatings often result in poor performance by cracking and delamination from the coating-substrate interface. The durability of coatings thus depends on the choice of coating and substrate materials, coating deposition process, and service conditions. The design of thermal spray coatings thus requires an optimization of these parameters. This investigation provides insight into the role of coating and substrate properties on the impact resistance of coated materials, and maps the relationship between the impact resistance of WC cermet coatings on a variety of substrates. Results indicate that the delamination resistance of the coating during impact loading not only depends upon the hardness and roughness of the substrate material, but, more importantly, substrates with a higher work-hardening coefficient indicate a higher delamination resistance. The original version of this paper was published as part of the DVS Proceedings: “Thermal Spray Solutions: Advances in Technology and Application,” International Thermal Spray Conference, Osaka, Japan, 10–12 May 2004, CD-Rom, DVS-Verlag GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany.     

复合铁钛粉及其系列防锈漆

一种经特殊工艺复合而成的用于各种油性、水性涂料的防锈颜料——复合铁钛粉。它具有无毒无污染、防锈性能特别优异、价格低廉的特点。经各权威机构多次检测，其防锈能力优于传统红丹粉数倍之多。是一种全面取代红丹粉、铁红、云铁粉等的理想产品。     

Preparation of nanosized W／Cu composite powder by sol-gel technique

1 Introduction W/Cu alloys have been widely used in variousapplications, such as welding electrodes, heat sinks and spreaders due to their high thermal and electrical conductivity, high arc erosion and low thermal ex-pansion coefficient [1-2]. There are t…     

Effects of the powder manufacturing method on microstructure and wear performance of plasma sprayed alumina-titania coatings

Three Al₂O₃-13wt.% TiO₂ powders, with the same chemical composition but different Al₂O₃-TiO₂ distribution patterns, are plasma sprayed and the resulting coatings are compared in terms of their phase composition, microstructure, hardness, crack growth resistance, and abrasive wear performance. It is demonstrated that the degree of mixing of the Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ ingredients in the feed powder has immense impact on the phase composition, microstructure, hardness, crack growth resistance, and abrasive wear performance of the coatings. A high degree of mixing of Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ in the powder state results in more uniform microstructure, higher hardness, higher crack growth resistance, and consequently better abrasive wear resistance of the coating.     

喷焊合金粉末在涂铸工艺上的应用——结合区特征的研究

本文选用镍基，铁基，铜基等喷焊合金粉末应用在涂铸工艺上，使铸件表面形成具有特殊性能的合金层，经电镜，能谱分析，合金层与基体属于冶金结合，结合面较宽，形成犬牙交错。元素之间相互扩散，涂生能与合金粉末所具有的性能相似。喷焊合金粉末在涂铸工艺上的应用，解决了复杂零件表面合金化问题，应用在新产品上有明显的经济效益。     

预合金粉对金刚石复合体组织结构影响及机理分析

文中以热压烧结金刚石刀头胎体材料为研究对象,对比分析了添加不同比例的FCu14预合金粉对金刚石刀头孔隙率、硬度、抗剪强度、抗弯强度等性能的影响.结果表明,随着FCu14预合金粉含量的增加,胎体合金成分均匀化,微细的铁基胎体被铜基粘结相均匀地包围,减少了孔隙的存在.胎体的孔隙率明显降低,孔隙均匀细小,因而金刚石刀头胎体硬...     

Peening Effect of Thermal Spray Coating Process

The present study investigated the influence of grit blasting, feedstock powder, and thermal spraying technology on performance near the surface on the substrate’s side. The experimental results show that both the grit-blasting process and thermal spraying process harden the substrate, and microhardness on or near the surface was noticeably increased. Grit blasting created deformed regions next to the surface of the substrate and interface between entrapped grits and substrate. Initial equiaxed grains in the deformed regions were elongated and spirally oriented surrounding impact spots. There were no visible changes in microstructure caused by thermal spraying, and the elongated grain regions remained in the coated substrate. Substrate hardening was attributed to grit blasting and associated heating due to flame rather than powder particle impacting during thermal spraying, thus feedstock powder and individual thermal spray technology had no influence on the hardening.     

微纳米陶瓷粉末对粒子行为及复合涂层性能的影响

将微纳米材料应用于热喷涂制备高耐磨、耐蚀的涂层是近年来的研究热点.作者测量了微纳米陶瓷粉末对电弧喷涂中飞行粒子熔化程度、飞行速度及雾化粒子尺寸的影响,观察了喷涂铁基TiB2/Cr3C2/Al2O3粒子的变形过程,分析微纳米陶瓷粉末对粒子行为的影响规律,并对涂层性能进行了测试,发现微纳米粒子增加了金属陶瓷复合涂层的结合强度,改善涂层的韧性,对涂层的耐磨粒磨损性能影响不大,但明显提高涂层的耐冲蚀性能.最后对微纳米陶瓷粉末在喷涂过程中的作用、对粒子行为及涂层性能的影响机理进行了探讨.     

Sintering under plasma of a Ta–20%Cu composite powder prepared by high energy milling

The sintering under plasma heating of a powder mixture Ta–20w%Cu prepared by high energy milling is focused. The powder has composite particles in which Ta and Cu phases are amorphous. Plasma is able to heat the samples at a very high rate, but large temperature gradients are produced. The sintering of the Ta–Cu composite powder starts before Cu melting. Cu leaves the composite particles, forming a layer. This layer creates necks between the composite particles. Above the copper melting point, liquid copper leaves the composite particles and fills the pores. The composite particles rearrange but keep their original shape and size. Disintegration of composite particles is not observed due to the short sintering time used in the work. The final sintered structure is heterogeneous.     

反应等离子喷涂TiC/Fe-Ni金属陶瓷复合涂层的显微组织

采用前驱体碳化复合技术制备Ti-Fe-Ni-C系粉末,并通过反应等离子喷涂技术（RPS）原位合成并沉积了TiC/Fe-Ni基金属陶瓷复合涂层。利用XRD、SEM和EDS研究复合粉末和涂层的成分、组织结构,考察复合粉末的TiC含量及复合粉末粒度对涂层组织结构的影响。结果表明：采用前驱体碳化复合技术制备的反应喷涂复合粉末粒度均匀、无有害相生成;TiC/Fe-Ni复合涂层由不同含量TiC颗粒分布于晶粒内部而形成的晶内型复合强化片层叠加而成,基体主要为（Fe、Ni）固溶体,TiC颗粒呈纳米级;涂层TiC含量较高时,纳米级TiC颗粒弥散分布更均匀;喷涂粉末粒度较大时,片层厚度较大,孔隙率较高。     

Effect of ball milling process on the microstructure of titanium-nanohydroxyapatite composite powder

Titaninm-nanohydroxyapatite （Ti-nHA） composite powders, composed of titanium with 10 vol.% and 20 vol.% of nano-hydroxyapatite, were milled in a planetary ball mill using alcohol media to avoid excessive heat. XRD and SEM were performed for characterization of the microstructure, and the homogeneity of Ti/HA nanocomposite powder was evaluated by EPMA with prolonged ball milling time. The results show that under the condition of wet milling, the grain size of Ti-nHA composite powders is decreased with the increase in ball milling time and the amount of the addition of nHA. While for milling of 30 h, the nanocomposite powder with free structure, which consists of the nano-hydroxyapatite （nHA） particles and titanium （Ti） phase, is obtained. Three stages of milling can be observed from the dement mapping of Ti, Ca, and P by EPMA; meanwhile, it is found that the nHA would be more homogenously distributed after milling for 30 h.     

Plasma deposition of powder materials in a magnetic field

The effect of the longitudinal magnetic field on the properties of deposited metal is investigated. The experimental results show that a longitudinal magnetic field with a specific value of magnetic induction has a positive effect on various parameters such as the burn out of the alloying elements, the penetration depth of the parent metal and the hardness and microhardness of the coating.     

Mg_2Si/Al复合材料制备技术研究现状

Mg2Si/Al复合材料具有较多的优点,有着广泛的应用前景。探讨了Mg2Si/Al复合材料的制备技术,总结了各种技术的优缺点,得出了适合大规模工业化的制备方法。     

Influence of powder characteristics on plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings

Phase transformations, particle breakdown, and partial decomposition occur in hydroxyapatite (HA) powder feedstock during plasma spraying. The biological responses of the coatings consequently change from the bioactive nature of the starting material to a less biocompatible one. This paper investigates the influence of powder characteristics on the phase composition and microstructure of plasma sprayed HA coatings. The raw HA was prepared by chemically reacting calcium hydroxide with orthophosphoric acid. Subsequently, HA was either calcined and crushed, flame spheroidized, or spray dried. These three types of HA powders were plasma sprayed on steel substrates to form coatings. A previous study showed that the calcined HA powder suffered from particle breakdown in the plasma. The plasma sprayed HA powders contained other calcium phosphate phases (amorphous and crystalline) apart from hydroxyapatite. The flow properties and stability of spheroidized HA were better than calcined HA and spraydried HA. Standard metallographic preparation of the cross sections of the coatings revealed different microstructural features among the coatings. The HA coatings prepared from calcined HA were highly porous and lacking in intimate lamellar contact. The spheroidized HA powders produced the coating with the lowest porosity. Characterization of the powders and coatings was carried out using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy.     

Effect of powder synthesis atmosphere on the characteristics of iron nanopowder in a plasma arc discharge process

To investigate the effect of the powder synthesis atmosphere on the characteristics of iron nano powder in a plasma arc discharge process, the hydrogen volume fraction in the powder synthesis atmosphere was changed from 10 to 50%. The particle size, phase structure, and magnetic property of the synthesized iron powder were studied using FE-TEM, XRD, XPS, and a vibration sample magnetometer at room temperature. The particle size increased simultaneously with the increase in the hydrogen volume fraction, and the particle size ranged from about 20 to 100 nm with the change in the hydrogen volume fraction from 10 to 50%. The synthesized iron powder particles had a two-layered shell-core structure composed of α-Fe in the core, Fe₃O₄ in the inner shell, and FeO(OH) in the outer shell. The thickness of the oxide shells decreased with increasing hydrogen volume fraction in the powder synthesis atmosphere.     

The influence of HVAF powder feedstock characteristics on the sliding wear behaviour of WC-NiCr coatings

In this paper, the HVAF technique was used to deposit coatings with mechanically milled nano and micron blended WC-NiCr powders. The mechanically milled nano powder was produced using the high-energy ball milling process. Due to low particle heating and high particle velocity in the HVAF process, the fine and dense microstructure of the mechanically milled powder remains almost unchanged after spraying. The sliding wear resistance of the two coatings was evaluated by ball-on-disc tests. It was found that the sliding wear resistance of the coating produced using mechanically milled powders was greatly improved compared with the coating produced using micron blended powder. The sliding wear resistance of the coating produced using mechanically milled powder was about two hundred times than that of the coating produced using blended powder. The coefficient of friction for the coating produced using mechanically milled powder increased steadily from 0.22 to 0.51, while for the coating produced using blended powder it attained a steady value of 0.58. Both the coating produced using mechanically milled powder and blended powder were characterized in terms of their microstructure by X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy in the as-sprayed state as well as after sliding wear. The sliding wear mechanism was also discussed.