Theoretical Analysis of d–d Transitions for the Reduced Cr/Silica System

The utilisation of high CO₂ content natural gas, such as that found at Natuna island in Indonesia, using methane dry reforming with carbon dioxide to synthesis gas is demonstrated. Highly active catalysts employed for coke-free, stable dry reforming include alumina-supported nickel, either as-prepared or doped with tungsten oxide or calcium oxide, and the supported group VIII metals. No deactivation was observed for the duration of any of the experiments (>70 h), and the methane conversion and product distributions were close to those predicted from thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. It is calculated that the application of dry reforming to the Natuna field alone, combined with known gas-to-liquids (GTL) technology, could provide liquid fuel to Indonesia for almost 18 years.     

Syntheses,structures and properties of a series of 3s–5d–4f mixed metal substituted sandwich-type arsenotungstates

A class of 3s–5d–4f mixed metal substituted sandwich-type arsenotungstates [H₂N(CH₃)₂]₈H₃[LnNa(H₂O)₄(OH)WO(H₂O) (B-α-AsW₉ O₃₃)₂]·8H₂O [Ln = La^III (1), Ce^III (2), Pr^III (3)] have been isolated from an aqueous solution reaction system (pH = 4) of Na₂WO₄·2H₂O, C₂H₇N·HCl, NaAsO₂ and Ln(NO₃)₃·6H₂O and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra, UV spectra and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It is the most prominent in 1–3 that the [LnNa(H₂O)₄(OH) WO(H₂O)(B-α-AsW₉O₃₃)₂]^11 − polyanion consists of two trivacant Keggin [B-α-AsW₉O₃₃]^9 − moieties linked by one [WO(H₂O)]^4 + group and a dimeric [LnNa(H₂O)₄(OH)]^3 + group resulting in the special 3s–5d–4f mixed metal substituted sandwich-type assembly. Interestingly, lanthanide and sodium ions simultaneously occupy the two positions located at the central belt of 1–3 with the site occupancy of 50% for each position. Moreover, the electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties of only 1 and 2 have been measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 0.5 mol·L^− 1 Na₂SO₄ + H₂SO₄ aqueous solution. 1 and 2 illustrate electrocatalytic activities for the hydrogen peroxide reduction.     

Advanc3d推出用于3D打印的TPU材料

<正>Advanc3d Materials最新研发出一种新型TPU 3D打印材料"Ad Sint TPU80sh A",用于该公司自行研发的选择性激光烧结技术(SLS)。此SLS材料只针对特殊条件使用。此材料是一种高弹性材料,最大延伸率可达600%,其打印成品表面光滑,同时具有良好的耐磨耐腐蚀性,可用于制作鞋底、整形手术模具、胶管、管道、密封垫和     

水泥中CaO含量和水泥3d、28d强度的关系

正0引言水泥强度是水泥性能指标中一项重要指标,水泥胶砂强度检验方法,虽然在保证水泥质量和混凝土设计与工程质量方面起到了积极作用,但是需要等到28d以后才能确定水泥标号,无法满足水泥生产控制和水泥使用的要求。从熟料的角度来讲,水泥熟料中最主要的化学成     

Energy storage performance of BiFeO3–SrTiO3–BaTiO3 relaxor ferroelectric ceramics

Dielectric capacitors reveal great potential in the application of high power and/or pulsed power electronic devices owing to their ultrafast charge–discharge rate and ultrahigh power density. Among various dielectric capacitors, the environment-friendly lead-free dielectric ceramics have drawn extensive investigations in recent years. Nevertheless, the relatively small recoverable energy storage density (W_rec) is still an obstacle for their application. Herein, the (0.55−x)BiFeO₃–0.45SrTiO₃–xBaTiO₃ ternary ceramics with 0.1 wt% MnO₂ were prepared by the solid-state reaction, and achieved enhanced relaxor behavior as well as breakdown strength E_b. As a result, the x = 0.12 ceramic exhibited superior comprehensive energy storage performance of large E_b (50.4 kV/mm), ultrahigh W_rec (7.3 J/cm³), high efficiency η (86.3%), relatively fast charge–discharge speed (t_0.9 = 6.1 μs) and outstanding reliability under different frequency, fatigue, and temperature, indicating that the BiFeO₃-based relaxor ferroelectric ceramics are prospective alternatives for electrostatic energy storage.     

A novel 12-tungstovanadate and 3d–4d heterometallic complex hybrid compound [V1W12O40][VO2Ag(phen)3]2

A novel organic–inorganic hybrid compounds containing 12-tungstovanadate and 3d–4d heterometallic complex, [V₁W₁₂O₄₀][VO₂Ag(phen)₃]₂ (1), have been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and IR analysis. The complex is an uncommon bisupporting polyoxometalate derivative in which the saturated Keggin type polyoxoanions are covalently linked by bimetallic complex [VO₂Ag(phen)₃]²⁺. The neighboring Ag⁺ and V⁵⁺ cations are bridged by the oxo atom forming heterometallic cations with the Ag–V distances of 3.556(2) Å in [VO₂Ag(phen)₃]²⁺ cations. Furthermore, the title compound shows good photocatalytic activity for reduction of Rhodamine B (RB) in a liquid–solid system.     

A novel three dimensional 3d–4f heterometallic coordination framework with 2, 2′-bipyridine-3-carboxylate and oxalate ligands

The 3D heterometallic polymeric complex 1 {[Nd₂Cu₂(L)₂ (OXA)₄·2(2H₂O)]·2(3H₂O)}_n (HL = 2, 2′-bipyridine-3-carboxyic acid, OXA = oxalate) was obtained from hydrothermal reaction of Nd₂O₃, Cu(ClO₄)₂, HL and oxalic acid in the presence of ethanol and water. X-ray single crystal diffraction investigation of the polymeric complexes {[Nd₂Cu₂(L)₂(OXA)₄·2(2H₂O)]·2(3H₂O)}_n exhibits an interesting and novel topological structure.     

CaO–Al–Al_2O_3–CaCO_3–O_2体系燃烧合成铝酸钙热力学研究

计算了CaO–Al–Al_2O_3–CaCO_3–O_2体系燃烧合成铝酸钙的绝热温度,运用物质自由能函数理论,对主要反应进行了热力学计算,分析了燃烧合成铝酸钙的物相生成过程。结果表明:体系绝热温度随产物中CA_2含量的增加而降低,但均大于1800K,说明反应可自持;在反应初期,C_(12)A7的生成驱动力最大,其次是CA、CA_2的生成驱动力,C_(12)A_7为主要生成物相;随着反应的进行,铝酸钙不同物相间会发生转化,C_(12)A_7转化CA_2的驱动力最大,其次是C_(12)A_7转化为CA;C_(12)A_7和CA2共同转化成CA的驱动力最小,因此形成以CA、CA_2为主要物相的产物,且CA的含量大于CA_2的含量。燃波前端C_(12)A_7特征峰强度最大;反应区C_(12)A_7的特征峰强度减小,而CA、CA_2的特征峰强度增加;产物区C_(12)A_7特征峰强度消失,且CA的特征峰强度大于CA2的特征峰强度,表明产物中CA的含量大于CA2的,与热力学分析结果一致。在反应区有片状CA和颗粒状CA_2生成;在产物区CA_2弥散在CA中。     

Dy3+ doped LiCl–CaO–Bi2O3–B2O3 glasses for WLED applications

Dy³⁺ doped calcium bismuth borate glasses were synthesized in the composition range of xLiCl-(30 − x)CaO-20Bi₂O₃-50B₂O₃ + 1 mol% Dy₂O₃ (x = 0, 2, 5, 7, 10 and 15 mol%, LC0, LC2, LC5, LC7, LC10 and LC15 respectively) using conventional melt-quench technique. Broad XRD profiles confirmed non-crystalline nature of synthesized compositions. The compositional dependencies of structural changes (using FTIR spectra), thermal behavior (using DSC thermographs) and optical band gap (using UV–Vis–NIR spectra) were discussed. Photoluminescence (PL) excitation spectra recorded at 577 nm yielded six different excitation peaks belonging to Dy³⁺ ions. The PL emission spectra recorded at 451 nm were analyzed to extract different light emission parameters viz. Y/B ratio, color coordinates, correlated color temperature (CCT) following CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram. The emission colors were found to lie in white light region and lies very close to standard white light emission. The CCT of sample LC10 (5335 K) is closest to CCT of standard white light (5615 K) which depicted the optimized concentration of LiCl for application of these glasses in WLED application.     

Construction of three isostructural 3d–4f microporous coordination frameworks based on mixed nicotinate and oxalate ligands

The self-assembly of nicotinic acid and sodium oxalate with mixed 3d–4f metal salts under hydrothermal conditions gave three isostructural 3D 3d–4f coordination polymers, [LnCu(nic)₂(ox)] · xH₂O [Ln = La, x = 1 (1); Ln = Eu, x = 2 (2); Ln = Gd, x = 2 (3)] [ox = oxalate, nic = nicotinate]. All three structures exhibit same unusual 3D microporous heterometallic coordination frameworks that are built up by rare tetranuclear Ln₂Cu₂ clusters and mixed ox and nic linkers. Furthermore, the luminescent property of complex 2 has also been investigated.     

H3BO3–NaCl–MgCl2–H2O体系相平衡及工艺分析

测定了25, 100℃下H3BO3–NaCl–MgCl2–H2O体系的溶解度数据，并依据绘制的相图对我国西藏含钠镁的硼矿资源采用盐酸分解法制备硼酸的生产工艺进行了讨论.     

3d打印技术的现状和关键技术分析

3D打印技术是以计算机数学模型为基础,开展的多种材料可黏合打印技术,主要通过二维平面的逐层打印,完成三维物体的增材制造。在全球3D打印技术快速发展情况下,3D打印技术成熟度、准确性与适用范围随着资金投入及技术研发而不断优化,3D打印成本也不断下降。主要探讨了3D打印的技术现状,以及3D打印中涉及的关键技术,并对3D打印实现原理进行论述与探讨。     

某味精厂3800m^3／d污水处理项目

本文介绍了某味精厂3800t/d的废水处理装置工艺流程,阐明了工艺原理。     

1–(3–硝基–2–吡啶)–1H–苯并三唑的合成与表征

以苯并三氮唑和2–氯–3–硝基–吡啶为原料,合成出1–(3–硝基–2–吡啶)–1H–苯并三唑。采用元素分析、核磁共振光谱等手段鉴定了目标产物结构,并用DSC测定了产物的熔点。考察了反应溶剂、溶剂用量、缚酸剂种类、缚酸剂用量对该反应收率和产品纯度的影响。确定的最佳工艺条件为:以工业乙醇为反应溶剂,溶剂与反应物的原料比为200 mL∶0.1 mol,Na2CO3为反应缚酸剂,缚酸剂与苯并三氮唑的摩尔比为1∶1,反应时间为12 h。     

突破性技术:3d打印聚四氟乙烯PTFE材料

正尽管3D打印机正在迅速被世界各地的制造商所接受,但是与许多其它生产技术相比,3D打印技术至少在一个方面还有所不足:材料的多样性。简单地说,大量常用的工业材料仍然不能用于3D打印,这就大大限制了该技术的应用范围。如今,高分子工业巨头3M在这方面获得了实质性的突破——通过一项新的专利技术,他们成功地实现了全氟PTFE聚合物的3D打     

Optical properties of novel oxyfluoride glasses on the systems of LaF3–LaO3/2–NbO5/2 and LaF3–LaO3/2–NbO5/2–AlO3/2

Oxyfluoride glasses of xLaF₃–(60 − x)LaO_3/2–40NbO_5/2 (x = 0, 5, 10, 35) and xLaF₃–(60 − x)LaO_3/2–30NbO_5/2–10AlO_3/2 (x = 0, 10, 20, 30) were prepared using a levitation technique. Both the glass-transition temperature, T_g, and onset crystallization temperature, T_c, were lowered by substituting a part of the oxygen with fluorine in the glasses. An appropriate amount of fluorine maximized the difference between the temperatures, ΔT (= T_c − T_g), indicating the improvement in the glass-forming ability. The atomic packing densities of the glasses were approximately 60%, which gradually increased with the fluorine content. The absorption edge of the glasses shifted toward the shorter wavelength region in the ultraviolet spectra and toward the longer region in the infrared spectra by fluorine substitution. In addition, in one of the oxyfluoride glasses, a wide transparency from 307 nm to 9.2 µm was realized. Furthermore, the glass exhibited superior optical properties, with a combination of a high refractive index, n_d, of 2.020 and low wavelength dispersion, v_d, of 30.1. The effect of fluorine substitution on the n_d and its v_d was analyzed using the Lorentz–Lorenz dispersion formula.     

3D pillar-layered 4d–4f heterometallic coordination polymers based on pyridine-3,5-dicaboxylate and oxalate mixed ligands

Three 4d–4f heterometallic polymers, Ln₂Ag₂(Hpydc)₂(pydc)₂(ox) · 4H₂O (Ln = Nd (1), Eu (2) and Er (3); H₂Pydc = pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid, H₂ox = oxalic acid), have been successfully synthesized under hydrothermal condition and structurally characterized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that three compounds are isomorphous and exhibit 3D pillar-layered coordination frameworks constructed from two-dimensional lanthanide-carboxylate layers and [Ag(pydc)]^? pillars. Furthermore, the luminescent property of compound 2 was studied.     

Electrical properties of Sb and Cr-doped PbZrO3–PbTiO3–PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 ceramics

The pyroelectric, dielectric and DC resistive properties of Sb and Cr-doped ceramics with a base composition of Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)_0.025(Zr_0.825Ti_0.175)_0.975O₃ have been studied. Sb doping has been shown to produce a linear reduction in Curie temperature (T_C=−22z+294 °C) with concentration (z) and to give an increase in pyroelectric coefficient from 250 to 310 μCm⁻² K⁻¹ for z increasing from 0 to 3 at.%. It also produces first a reduction and then an increase in both dielectric constant and loss, so that the 33 Hz pyroelectric figures of merit (FOM's) are as follows: F_V peaks at 3.8×10⁻² m² C⁻¹ and F_D peaks at 1.2×10⁻⁵ Pa^−1/2. The resistivity is increased substantially from 1.1×10¹¹ to ca 6×10¹¹ Ωm with 1 at.% Sb, thereafter changing little. The behaviour has been explained in terms of Sb acting as a donor ion, reducing oxygen vacancy concentrations up to 1 at.%, with conductivity dominated by hole hopping between traps (E_a=0.59±0.05 eV) that are not changed by the Sb doping. It is concluded that additions of higher levels of Sb do not produce electron-mediated hopping conduction. The Cr additions have no effect upon T_C, but reduce dielectric constant and loss, pyroelectric coefficient and resistivity at doping levels up to 3 at.%. The FOM F_V peaks at 3.6×10⁻² m² C⁻¹ and F_D at 1.9×10⁻⁵ Pa^−1/2. The behaviour of the electrical resistivity as a function of dopant level is shown to produce a linear ln(σ_o) vs z^−1/3 dependence (σ_o=DC conductivity), as would be expected for hole hopping conduction between Cr³⁺ sites, with an E_a=0.38±0.03 eV.