Mobility label based network: Hierarchical mobility management and packet forwarding architecture

Scalability of the network layer mobility management solution is one of the most important requirements for the mobility control plane. Mobility Label Based Network (MLBN) is a new approach to the network layer mobility management problem that relies solely on MPLS to provide both macro- and micro-mobility for IPv4 and IPv6 mobile hosts and routers. This new approach does not rely on the existing IP mobility management protocols such as Mobile IP and is based on the combination of Multi-Protocol BGP (MP-BGP) and MPLS. In the context of the MLBN the scalable control plane should be capable of efficient Mobility Label distribution while allowing the MPLS-based forwarding plane to deliver mobile traffic in an optimal manner. This paper presents a hierarchical mobility management system capable of both macro- and micro-mobility support without the use of Mobile IP and its derivatives and allows scalable Mobility Label distribution and MPLS label stack based packet forwarding in support of optimal traffic delivery between the communicating mobile users.     

Mobility label based network: Mobility support in label switched networks with multi-protocol BGP

To support mobility the network control plane is required to detect changes in the mobile node’s location and distribute the new location information throughout the network thus enabling the forwarding plane to deliver traffic in an optimal manner. The network responsiveness to the mobile node movements can be generally thought of as the time elapsed between the moment the node’s location in the network has changed and the moment the reception of packets in the new location has resumed. This paper outlines an approach to handling the user mobility at the network layer in the context of multi-protocol label switched networks (MPLS). This new approach does not rely on the existing IP mobility management protocols such as Mobile IP and is instead based on the combination of multi-protocol BGP (MP-BGP) and MPLS. This paper proposes to introduce new protocol elements to MP-BGP to achieve mobility label distribution at the network control plane and the optimal packet delivery to the mobile node by the network forwarding plane using MPLS regardless of the IP protocol addressing and the associated logical network topology.     

Comprehensive performance evaluation of distributed and dynamic mobility routing strategy

In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive performance study of distributed and dynamic mobility management (DDMM). DDMM presents a new architectural paradigm for a sustainable mobile networking against an ever-increasing amount of Internet data traffic, providing IP mobility management with distributed deployment of mobility anchors and dynamic activation when mobility is needed. Such a distributed mobility management concept is generally and intuitively accepted in terms of effective distribution of mobile traffic when compared with centralized mobility management (CMM) approaches. Nevertheless, the routing strategy of DDMM has not yet been properly examined through performance studies, and especially the impact of potential mobility routing strategies on the user plane is an open question. We perform a mathematical analysis of DDMM and present numerical results aiming to identify in which conditions, by which factors, and how much, DDMM improves mobility performance. For comparison, Mobile IPv6, Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6), and PMIPv6 localized routing (PMIPv6-LR) were considered as representative IP mobility protocols following CMM approaches. Analytical results demonstrate that DDMM generally achieves higher performance when compared with CMM-based protocols in terms of packet delivery cost, tunneling overhead, and throughput, but specific performance varies in function of multiple input parameters.     

Performance of intelligent Mobile IPv6

Mobile IP is the current standard proposed by IETF for mobility management in IP networks. Mobile node communicating with static correspondent node (CN) has been considered in previous performance studies. We propose the mobility of CN and two additional mobility combinations for Mobile IP in this paper. CN mobility causes performance degradation in an environment with frequent handoffs. A new scheme for Mobile IPv6 called Intelligent Mobile IPv6 is proposed. It is observed through simulation results that the performance of Intelligent Mobile IPv6 is better than Mobile IPv6.     

一种基于标地分离的卫星网络移动切换管理技术

移动卫星网络因具有覆盖区域广、通信延时低等优势受到广泛关注,当前有大量研究旨在开发IP协议的组网技术,并将其与地面IP网络融合。融合网络的挑战之一,即为卫星移动性,用户在卫星网络中的接入点频繁切换导致移动管理问题,而现有的移动IP技术不能高效支持卫星网络移动切换。为了高效支持移动切换,在卫星网络中应用标地分离思想,在标地分离的架构下研究切换管理问题;用映射服务系统对终端进行位置管理,在移动切换中由新接入卫星网关和终端的标志为主要信息在原卫星中形成通告转发表。仿真结果表明,相对移动IP技术,该方法有明显优势。将其应用于卫星网络时可以降低切换延时,减少大量的绑定更新开销或是次优路由,提升系统的性能和可扩展性。     

Performance analysis of Virtual Mobility Domain scheme vs. IPv6 mobility protocols

The population of mobile users seeking connectivity to the Internet has been growing over the years, spurred by the capabilities of handsets and the increasing rich Internet content and services. Mobility management to enable efficient Internet access for users on the move is thus gaining significance. IETF has standardized several protocols such as Mobile IPv6, Hierarchical Mobile IPv6, and Proxy Mobile IPv6 to provide mobility management on the IP network. With future Internet design initiatives gaining momentum, it is important that these initiatives consider mobility management as an integral part of the design. In this article, we introduce the concept of Virtual Mobility Domain and describe the main features and key strengths of Virtual Mobility Domain that are designed to provide mobility management in a newly proposed tiered Internet architecture. Instead of IP addressing, the proposed Virtual Mobility Domain uses a tiered-addressing scheme to identify a mobile node with a single address regardless of its location. The tiered addressing provides a dynamic address length which brings less signaling overhead and scalable management. We also propose a collaborative network-based mobility management mechanism to provide low-latency handoffs and less processing-overhead on the mobile node compared to the IPv6-based protocols. The proposed mobility scheme unifies inter and intra-domain mobility management by introducing common anchor cloud concept which provides a distributed management and seamless mobility experience. We present comparative qualitative and quantitative performance analysis of Virtual Mobility Domain and aforementioned IPv6-based mobility protocols for Intra-AS roaming support. We examine handoff latency and signaling overhead performance of each protocol based on numerical results retrieved from analytical models and OPNET modeler based simulations. The results from a comparative performance study show the potential for more efficient mobility management under the proposed Internet architecture.     

一种具有AAA功能的移动IPv6快速切换方案的研究和实现

和目前WCDMA／GPRS、WLAN网络中的移动性相比，移动IPv6是一种网络层移动性解决方案。具有一定的优势。如垂直切换．但是移动IPv6的切换性能和安全性影响了其商业部署，提出了一种将快速切换和AAA结合起来的机制．并在基于网络处理器的接入路由器和Linux主机上实现了该方案．实验表明，该方案具有较小的切换时延．     

Mobile IPv6 deployments: Graph-based analysis and practical guidelines

The Mobile IPv6 protocol is a major solution to supply mobility services on the Internet. Many networking vendors have already implemented it in their operating systems and equipments. Moreover, it was recently selected to provide permanent IP addresses to end-users of WiMAX and 3GPP2. Mobile IPv6 relies on a specific router called the home agent that hides location changes of the mobile nodes from the rest of the Internet. To do so, the mobile nodes’ traffic must flow through the home agent. This mandatory deviation produces longer paths and higher communication delays.In order to solve these problems, we describe a new approach to address deployments of Mobile IPv6 based on graph theory and could be applied to any operator’s network. In particular, we use notions of centrality in graphs to quantify increases of communication distances induced by dogleg routing and identify relevant home agents locations. We evaluate this approach using real-world network topologies and show that the obtained Mobile IPv6 performance could be close to direct paths ones. The proposed algorithm is generic and can be used to achieve efficient deployments of Mobile IPv6 as well as Home Agent Migration: a new Mobile IPv6 architecture using several distributed home agents.     

Mobile IP与MPLS集成的研究

MPLS技术结合了三层转发的灵活和二层交换的高速,为骨干网络解决方案提供了高速的IP转发能力和极大的可扩展性。MobileIP为用户提供了移动处理的功能。论文介绍了MobileIP与MPLS结合的几种形式,详细研究了在移动节点handoff时,集成方案的处理过程。分析了各种现有的结合方式中的一些缺陷,提出了相应的解决方案。最后简要介绍了MobileIPv6与MPLS集成的方案,并说明这两种技术集成的优势。     

移动IPv6网络及其安全性讨论

移动IPv6是建立在IPv6的体系结构上的，并作为IPv6协议不可分割的一部分，成为IPv6本质性的功能之一。移动IP提供了一种IP路由机制．使移动节点可以以一个永久的IP地址连接到任何的链路上。本文首先讨论了移动IPv6网络，其次对其安全性展开了简单的讨论。     

移动IPv6中移动节点的两种地址

随着网络技术和便携式终端的迅速发展,在网络中实现对移动性的支持变得越来越重要.下一代网络协议IPv6因其巨大的地址空间和合理的报文结构,为节点移动性的实现提供了有力的支持.移动IPv6充分利用了IPv6协议对移动性的内在支持.介绍了移动IPv6的基本概念和通信原理,详细分析了移动节点的本地地址和转交地址,对两种地址之间的关系以及它们在移动通信中的重要作用进行了研究.     

移动IPv6网络及其安全性讨论

移动IPv6是建立在IPv6的体系结构上的,并作为IPv6协议不可分割的一部分,成为IPv6本质性的功能之一。移动IP提供了一种IP路由机制,使移动节点可以以一个永久的IP地址连接到任何的链路上。本文首先讨论了移动IPv6网络,其次对其安全性展开了简单的讨论。     

基于PMIPv6协议的QoS上下文转移方案

在IETF的NetLMM（Network-based Localized Mobility Management）工作组中,Proxy Mobile IPv6（PMIPv6）由于不需要移动节点对IP移动性的支持而引起人们的关注。基于PMIPv6框架,提出一种新的QoS上下文转移解决方案。它的优点是在移动节点执行切换的同时为实时应用提供服务质量保证。采用这种方法可以减少移动节点切换后重新发起信令建立QoS转发处理所带来的延时,减少了移动节点会话的QoS服务中断。理论分析和仿真实验表明,本方案可以显著降低实时业务切换时的延迟和开销,并且有较低的丢包率,实现了移动节点的平滑切换。     

移动IPv6的路由特性分析

移动IPv6是为了使各种移动设备在下一代IP网络间实现无缝漫游而设计发展的路由协议。尽管在移动IPv4中已经解决了节点移动的问题,但由于IPv4本身的限制,它无法解决各种节点和网络移动组合的路由情况。文章在移动IPv6下,不仅对节点移动,还对网络移动的路由特性进行了分析。     

移动IPv6与SIP的终端移动网络切换延迟研究与分析

移动IP和SIP(Session Initiation Protocol)以不同的方式提供对终端移动的支持，在下一代互联网IPv6实验环境下，重点分析了重复地址检测DAD(Duplicate Address Detection)、非平滑切换等对移动IPv6、SIP终端移动的网络切换延迟的影响，并提出了建议解决办法。     

Mobile networking through Mobile IP

Mobile IP is a proposed standard protocol that builds on the Internet Protocol by making mobility transparent to applications and higher level protocols like TCP. Mobile IP (RFC 2002) is a standard proposed by a working group within the Internet Engineering Task Force; it allows the mobile node to use two IP addresses: a fixed home address and a care-of address that changes at each new point of attachment. The article presents the Mobile IP standard in moderate technical detail and points the reader toward a wealth of further information. Is also describes how Mobile IP will change with IP version 6, the product of a major effort within the IETF to engineer an eventual replacement for the current version of IP. Although IPv6 will support mobility to a greater degree than IPv4, it will still need Mobile IP to make mobility transparent to applications and higher level protocols such as TCP. There is a great deal of interest in mobile computing and apparently in Mobile IP as a way to provide for it. A quick Web search for items related to Mobile IP returned over 60,000 hits-impressive even given the notorious lack of selectivity for such procedures. Mobile IP forms the basis either directly or indirectly of many current research efforts and products. The Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD), for example, has created a widely deployed communications infrastructure based on a previous draft specification of the protocol. In addition, most major router vendors have developed implementations for Mobile IP     

基于网络终端支持的NDN移动性管理机制

命名数据网（named data networking,NDN）作为一种新型的互联网架构,旨在应对日益增长的数据流量。基于其消费者驱动的内容检索模型,NDN自然地支持消费者移动性。然而生产者移动性仍然是一个具有挑战性的问题,需要额外的机制来提高生产者移动期间的数据可用性。针对该问题,提出一种可扩展的移动管理机制来支持生产者移动性。该机制利用网络终端在基于名称的NDN转发平面上建立了临时转发路径,并设计了缓存与重传机制支持时延容忍和时延敏感的应用数据流。最后在ndnSIM中建立了一个全面的仿真环境,对所提方案与现有解决方案进行了评估和比较。仿真结果表明,该机制能够充分支持生产者移动性。当速度为30 m/s时,丢包率仅为3.0%,平均传输延时为352.1 ms。此外,支持生产者移动性所需的额外消耗于对于方案相比降低了49.18%。     

移动IPv6接入技术研究

移动IPv6技术可支持网络访问的双向性、移动性,以及实时多媒体业务等。当前的移动IPv6协议及NEMO协议虽然较支持了移动性。然而其仅能支持单一的网络接口通信。本文对移动IPv6多接入问题,开展了研究。本文对IPv6协议及NEMO协议进行了详细的分析,提出了一种移动IPv6多接入技术详细设计方案。     

移动IP移动性管理技术综述*

融合型全IP网络已经成为网络发展的大趋势,采用移动IP解决无线IP网络中的移动性管理成为一种必然。移动IP v6作为网络层移动性管理的核心技术,其相关移动IP扩展技术是移动IP关于移动性管理的重要内容,但必须有更优化的微移动性管理协议处理本地移动性,层次型的移动性管理结构被大家所认同。分层移动性管理的策略对网络中位置代理的位置和层次进行规划,但是增加相应的管理机制引入切换管理愈加重要。