Radiation-Chemical Behavior of TBP in Hydrocarbon and Chlorohydrocarbon Diluents under Conditions of Reprocessing of Spent Fuel from Nuclear Power Plants

Experiments were performed for comparative assessment of the effect of ionizing radiation on the service characteristics of 30% TBP solutions in various diluents: hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD), mixtures of n-paraffins (RED diluent), and fraction of naphthenic hydrocarbons (RZh diluent). The following main parameters were chosen for comparative assessment of the quality of irradiated extractant solutions: composition and behavior of diluent radiolysis products, effect of diluents on the TBP radiolysis, and aggregative stability of emulsions in the main operations of the extraction cycle. The service life of the extraction mixtures was estimated from variation of the above parameters with the irradiation dose. Principles for choosing solvents with increased service life under irradiation were substantiated.     

Ti合金在核燃料后处理设备中的应用研究进展

主要介绍了Ti合金在核燃料后处理设备中的应用研究进展.开发Ti合金替代超低碳不锈钢作核燃料后处理设备用材料已成为后处理设备用材料的发展方向.目前Ti-5Ta钛合金已在日本东海村后处理厂进行了中试运行,它的综合性能评价较好,在后处理环境中应用也最具前景.印度对其开发的Ti-5%Ta-1.8%Nb钛合金进行了腐蚀性能研究,结果表明它比普通低碳不锈钢和硝酸级不锈钢具有更好的耐蚀性.     

Determining the Specific Activity of Tritium in Samples of Spent Nuclear Fuel

Radiochemistry - Procedure for determining the specific activity of tritium in samples of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) was developed and methodologically certified. The procedure was used to determine...     

Determination of the Gravimetric Content of Neptunium in Spent Nuclear Fuel Samples

Radiochemistry - The reduction of penta- and hexavalent Np ions to the tetravalent state with Fe(II) sulfamate in HNO3 solutions was studied. The dependence of the degree of the Np reduction on the...     

Mathematical Simulation of Steady-State Concentration Profiles in Extraction Cascades for Reprocessing NPP Spent Fuel Using TBP-Compatible Processes (SUPERPUREX)

A mathematical model is proposed for calculating distribution coefficients of NPP spent fuel components in extraction systems with 30% TBP in a hydrocarbon diluent and dibutylphosphoric acid zirconium salt in 30% TBP. The model is based on the semiempirical extraction equations. A computer code has been developed for simulation of the steady-state concentration profiles throughout the extraction cascade. Comparison of the predicted and experimental data showed that the code is well applicable to simulation and optimization of the SUPERPUREX process.     

某乏燃料运输容器减震器设计及验证

目的 研发用于某运输容器的减震器,同时探究减震器尺寸和填充材料的分散性对减震器设计的影响。方法 开展减震器尺寸对运输容器减震效果的分析计算,通过木材抗压强度试验获取木材压缩强度分散性,并使用有限元方法对运输容器进行9 m过重心角跌落分析,并进行9 m过重心角跌落测试验证。结果 一般来说减震器尺寸越大,其吸收能量越多,但其尺寸超过某临界点后减震效果反而下降;低抗压强度的填充木材吸能力不如较高抗压强度的,但填充木材抗压强度较大时,减震器偏硬会导致较大的容器刚体加速度。结论 该减震器设计合理,满足规范要求。填充木材的力学性能分散性,偏大或偏小都会对设计产生影响,因此,使用木材作为缓冲填充材料,设计时需要充分考虑木材压缩强度分散性对缓冲效果的影响。     

A Method for Determining the Isotope Composition of U, Pu, Am, and Cm in "Hot" Particles and Spent Nuclear Fuel

A method was proposed for determining the content of ^234-238U, ^238-242Pu, ^241-243Am, and ^242-244Cm in "hot" fuel particles and spent nuclear fuel. The method is based on high-precision measurement of the -activity in the sample and calculation of the relative contributions of individual nuclides or radionuclide groups to the total activity. Partitioning of U, Pu, Am, and Cm was carried out by ion-exchange chromatography. The contents of ²³⁴U, ²³⁶U, ²³⁸U, ²³⁸Pu, ^239+240Pu, ²⁴²Pu, ²⁴¹Am, ^242mAm, ²⁴³Am, ²⁴²Cm, and ²⁴⁴Cm in "hot" particles sampled in the Chernobyl area were reported. The applicability of the method proposed to determining the radionuclide composition of spent nuclear fuel was discussed.     

相位型宽频带激光测振系统

详细描述了一种新型的激光偏振移相干涉测振系统。通过计算机对两路正交振动光电干涉信号的接收和正弦逼近与频比计数相结合的数字处理，在宽频带内实现加速度传感器复合灵敏度的绝对校准。     

大视场光电测量系统实时

给出了多相机系统大视场拼接成像的空间坐标关系,建立了数学模型,在此基础上,对引起大视场光电测量系统测量误差的因素进行了初步的分析,并给出了系统综合测量误差现场标校的方法与步骤。     

实时监测激光核聚变靶球涂敷状态的CCD成像系统设计

介绍一种CCD成像系统的设计,它可应用于连续监测直径0.1-0.3mm的激光核聚变靶球涂敷时的实时状态。这个系统利用现成照相物镜和变焦显微物镜二次成像,配以场镜压缩轴外光线,和CCD传感器相组合,设计斜向视场上的二维扫描机构构成了可在8.2mm×44mm全视场扫描检测的CCD扫描成像系统,无论是空间分辨力或时间分辨力都达到了实时监测的要求,大大提高了靶球膜层的涂敷效率。     

激光CCD钢板尺寸在线检测与控制系统

热轧中板厚度检测及剪切过程长宽度检测和位置控制系统要求完成对运动钢板的尺寸进行在线非接触跟踪测量，并据设定值和测量值对钢板进行自动定位控制与调整，满足长宽度剪切的要求，实现对定尺或非定尺成品钢材的最终尺寸确定．厚度在线检测则要求在热轧工艺过程中完成；该系统测量控制精度高，跟踪速度快、实时性能好．智能化程度高；测控系统投入使用将降低原材料消耗，提高生产效率，同时对提高钢板尺寸的质量控制及生产线技术水平，将起到良好作用．     

纳米级二维激光外差干涉仪的设计

提出了一种５０μｍ测量范围内，２ｎｍ不确定度，、０．５ｎｍ分辨率的二维激光外差偏振干涉仪的设计。其中用声制器和稳频Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光器获取频差小于２００ｋＨｚ的正交偏振双频激光束，Ｘ和Ｙ二臂偏振干仪将采用差分干涉仪，采用相位解调技术进行外差干涉信号的处理。     

电缆压痕激光测量系统设计与不确定度分析

针对人工测量电缆压痕效率慢以及受人为切片水平影响较大的问题,设计了一套自动测量装置。该装置通过软件对运动控制板卡发送指令,从而驱动电机实现对装有电缆夹具的二维移动平台的移动控制;同时激光传感器进行数据采集,得到数据集;对数据集进行滑动平均滤波处理,采用差分方法判断压痕;对非压痕数据进行线性回归处理,与压痕段数据相减,获得压痕深度。分析了测量计算过程中引入的不确定度来源,对一段电缆试样的测量结果进行不确定度评定,取包含因子k=2,扩展不确定度U=0.028mm。     

SiC基惰性基体复合材料相容性研究

为了利用同收的钚,开展了以SiC为基体的惰性基体燃料的复合材料的制备和材料制备过程中陶瓷组分间相容性研究.以氧化铈代替PuO2制备了固溶的氧化锆燃料小球,并采用电火花烧结制备了固溶ZrO2弥散在SiC基体中的复合材料,对材料结构和复合材料的界面进行了初步研究.结果显示,采用电火花快速烧结制备的复合材料界面没有明显的反应.这对于进一步优化材料的制备工艺,获得性能良好的惰性基体燃料研究奠定了基础.     

三角法激光测量系统的误差分析及消除方法

从理论和应用两方面分析了三角法激光测量系统的误差，得出：定点标定和插值可以消除光学放大率随测量点位置变化的影响；双光路方案或标准点校准方法可以消除光线路径随环境温度，湿度变化而引入的误差；提高激光束质量和采用峰值求光斑中心的方法，可以消除激光束强度分布，物体表面粗糙度，CCD传感器，信号处理电路等引入的误差。     

具有高空间分辨力的位相型光瞳滤波式差动共焦测量法

提出一种新的改善光触针类测量传感器空间分辨力的位相型差动共焦测量方法.该方法通过具有横向超分辨能力的位相型光瞳滤波器最大程度地改善共焦测量系统的横向分辨力,通过差动共焦测量法改善共焦测量系统的轴向分辨力,最终提高共焦测量系统空间分辨能力.理论分析和实验表明,当入射激光束波长λ=632.8 nm、测量物镜数值孔径NA=0.85、uM=4时,该方法的横向分辨力优于0.2μm,轴向分辨力优于2 nm.该方法可用于表面微观轮廓及微小尺度的超精密测量.     

Spectral Differentiation of Trace Concentrations of NO(2) from NO by Laser Photofragmentation with Fragment Ionization at 226 and 452 nm: Quantitative Analysis of NO-NO(2) Mixtures

Laser-induced photofragmentation with fragment ionization is used to detect and spectrally differentiate trace concentrations of NO(2) from NO in NO-NO(2) mixtures. A laser operating near 226 or 452 nm ionizes the target molecules, and the resulting electrons are collected with miniature electrodes. NO is detected by (1 + 1) resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization by means of its A (2)?(+) ? X (2)? (0, 0) transitions near 226 nm, whereas NO(2) is detected near 226 nm by laser photofragmentation with subsequent NO fragment ionization by means of both its A (2)?(+) ? X (2)? (0, 0) and (1, 1) transitions. The NO fragment generated from the photolysis of NO(2) is produced rovibrationally excited with a significant population in the first vibrational level of the ground electronic state (X (2)?, upsilon? = 1). In contrast, ambient NO has a room-temperature, Boltzmann population distribution favoring the lowest ground vibrational level (X (2)?, upsilon? = 0). Thus discrimination is possible when the internal energy distributions of both fragment NO and ambient NO are probed. We also demonstrate this approach using visible radiation, further simplifying the experimental apparatus because frequency doubling of the laser radiation is not required. We measured up to three decades of NO-NO(2) mixtures with limits of detection (signal-to-noise ratio of 3) in the low parts per billion for both NO and NO(2) for a 10-s integration time using both ultraviolet or visible radiation.     

Strategic Separation of Technetium and Rare Metal Fission Products in Spent Nuclear Fuel: Solvent Extraction Behavior and Partitioning by Catalytic Electrolytic Extraction

Extraction behavior of Tc in the PUREX process was discussed on the basis of the observations at TRP, a semi-industrial scale reprocessing plant for spent LWR fuel in Tokai-mura. The Tc extraction in the HA/HS banks of the TRP was significantly enhanced by the coextraction with Zr(IV), while more than 99% of Tc was finally acccumulated in HLLW. Catalytic electrolytic extraction (CEE) was studied to separate Pd, Ru, Rh, Tc, Te, and Se, categorized as rare metal fission products (RMFP) in the HLLW. Cyclic reaction of metallic cations such as Pd^{2 +} or Fe^{2 +} can accelerate the electrochemical deposition of RuNO^{3 +}, Rh^{3 +}, and ReO₄ ^- owing, e.g., to the promoting effect of Pd adatoms or to behavior of Pd as mediator. Apart from being the first step for transmutation or other selective strategies for radioactive waste management containing long-lived fission products, the RMFP separation also offers alternative material resources to meet expanding demands for catalysts in fuel cell/hydrogen soft energy systems. Extended recycling of RMFPs is proposed as a new strategy on nuclear fuel reprocessing.     

A Computerized System for the Measurement of Attenuation in a Helix Waveguide

A computer controlled system for fast and accurate measurements of the TEo11, TEo12 mode attenuations in a helix waveguide over the frequency range of 85-110 GHz is described. Measurement is done by monitoring the change in amplitude of a 10-ns wide pulse propagating inside the helix, as a function of the position of a moving short circuiting piston. Data are acquired and processed by a mini-computer facility. A brief discussion on the generation of the desired waveguide modes and the results of some typical measurements are also given.     

Measurement Transducer – Digital Voltmeter System for Measuring the Energy of Laser Pulses

The results are given of theoretical investigations and of a simulation modeling of the process of measuring the energy of short-pulse laser radiation. The grounds are given for choosing the principal parameters of the measurement transducers depending on the probability density distribution function of the values of the output signal. Comparative values are given of the relative standard deviation in accordance with a proposed mathematical model and with experimental data obtained using a working standard of the unit of energy created at the All-Russia Scientific-Research Institute of Optophysical Measurements.