机器人离线编程系统运动误差分析

在ADAMS平台上对HP6机器人进行虚拟环境下的运动仿真,并通过Matlab建立机器人所识别的脉冲数据与各关节转角数据的关系.通过对ADAMS平台下虚拟机器人与真实机器人的运动精度进行误差分析与补偿,开展对转换误差的定性与定量研究,为优化离线编程系统转换精度提供一定的依据.     

HHRB100搬运机器人码垛程序的离线编程

首先介绍了四自由度搬运机器人的结构特点，然后针对普通示教再现作业方式，提出了码垛机器人离线编程方法。重点对搬运机器人离线码垛过程进行了研究，通过码垛关键参数的输入和码垛空间判断，建立离线编程的基础，给出了机器人码垛的路径规划，最后进行了计算机图形仿真。验证了码垛机器人离线编程方法。     

工业机器人通用图形化编程软件的研究

针对工业机器人控制软件中传统文本编程方式带来的操作难度大和通用性不够的问题,对图形化编程方式进行了研究,将XML技术和图形界面实现技术应用到编程软件中,提出了一种图形化编程软件方案,包括软件总体设计思路及实现方法;通过对工业机器人通用操作的参数分析,建立了通用操作到图标式任务的转换关系,且将图标式任务转换为下方解释器能够识别的中间文件;通过设计用于表示机器人操作的图标的数据结构以及搭建能够自行跟踪用户所有操作并且具有自结构性(本身包含顺序和父子信息)的编辑器,实现了图标式任务的绘制以及记录;定义了与图标数据结构相对应的节点,采取同样具有自结构性的中间文件对图形任务进行了保存,最后生成了逻辑正确、数据无误且能够被下方解释器识别的文件。研究结果表明,用户通过拖曳和连线进行图形化编程,降低了编程难度,同时生成的文件可移植性高,提高了软件通用性。     

Path and orientation accuracy of industrial robots

The automotive industry uses mainly on-line programming, i.e. teach-in programming, of welding and bonding robots for path planning purposes. This programming method is very time-consuming and expensive, and short-term program modifications cannot be easily performed. Computer-aided simulation of the working program and subsequent off-line programming seems to be one possible solution. Unfortunately, off-line versus on-line programmed paths entail completely different robot perfomances. As robot manufacturers are unable to provide data on the off-line path accuracy of their products, this type of programming is not suited for practical operation. This problem will be discussed on the basis of directive VDI 2861, and for the first time results of off-line and on-line path measurements will be compared.     

机器人离线编程语言HRL及其开发环境

介绍机器人离线编程语言HRL及其开发环境。作为机器人离线编程与仿真系统HOLPSS的主要子系统，HRL实现了对一般4～6自由度机器人的离线编程，形成了基于微机的通用机器人语言。HRL语言系统结合HOLPSS的图形仿真系统，构成完善的离线编程与仿真环境，避免了文本编程与图形编程的弊端。论述HRL语言的数据类型及其操作、控制结构、轨迹规划、示教集成和通用性问题，并给出对PUMA560机器人的编程及结果仿真，仿真结果表明HRL语言系统是机器人程序快速生成的有力工具。     

激光焊接机器人离线编程分析与实现

在分析激光焊接工艺要求之后得出激光焊接机器人的位姿要求.重点阐述了激光焊接机器人离线编程过程中位姿的求解原理以及求解过程,利用UG软件二次开发工具UG Open Grip实现了机器人位姿的求解,结合KUKASim软件实现了激光焊接机器人的离线编程和仿真.     

An off-line robot-programming system with graphics simulation

This paper describes an experimental off-line robot-programming system. This integrated robot-programming system, PC-R, was designed to be independent of the robot as well as to provide off-line graphics simulation of the work situation so that evaluation of the performance could be done rapidly. PC-R comprises several modules, including (a) a robot language compiler; (b) a graphics simulator for modelling the robot and its work environment; (c) a solid-modeller based on the CSG scheme using the technique of ray tracing for solid analysis and visualisation, which interfaces with the simulator and performs interference analysis of the robot programs; and (d) a link to the industrial robot ASEA IRB-6. This ASEA link module is capable of manoeuvring the robot according to the robot programs in real time as well as saving the sequence of robot movements to the robot-controller for later playback execution by the robot.     

An event-based,robot-served flexible manufacturing cell modeller

The development is described of a flexible manufacturing cell (FMC) programming and simulation system called FMCPS, which generates robot programs for a 6-DOF industrial robot. The development of FMCPS is based on an FMC that is being developed at UMIST. The cell consists of a Fanuc 600 ARCmate industrial robot, a Takisawa MAC V3 CNC machining centre and an MHP MT-50 CNC turning centre. The software has been developed on a SUN 4/110 workstation running under the UNIX operating system, using three-dimensional SUNCORE interactive graphics and SUNVIEW window systems. An event-oriented robot-programming method is used in the FMCPS. This method divides the robot tasks into different events. The user needs to define the points of the robot gripper route and the corresponding data for each event. The Cartesian coordinates of the points in the robot gripper paths are then transformed to the six robot joint angles by a variant inverse kinematics iteration method. These robot joint angles are used in the simulation model which generates robot programs suitable for the Fanuc robot. A three-dimensional, wire-frame-based graphical model is used for simulation. The user can observe the simultaneous animation of the robot movement, and display machine tool paths in separate graphics windows on the screen simultaneously. The various activities in the cell are simulated in pseudo-parallel mode by taking advantage of the multi-tasking and piping features of UNIX. At the end of a simulation exercise, the user is provided with the facility to obtain a performance report for the FMC which gives information on total operation time and on robot and machine utilisation, in addition to the robot program.     

Adaptive tracking control of two-wheeled welding mobile robot with smooth curved welding path

This paper proposes an adaptive controller for partially known system and applies to a two-wheeled Welding Mobile Robot (WMR) to track a reference welding path at a constant velocity of the welding point. To design the tracking controller, the errors from WMR to steel wall is defined, and the controller is designed to drive the errors to zero as fast as desired. Additionally, a scheme of error measurement is implemented on the WMR to meet the need of the controller. In this paper, the system moments of inertia are considered to be partially unknown parameters which are estimated using update laws in adaptive control scheme. The simulations and experiments on a welding mobile robot show the effectiveness of the proposed controller.     

工业机器人夹持器机构的研究

本文分析了工业机器人夹持器机构的研究现状，提出了解决夹持器机构通用性和专用性矛盾的若干措施，并设计了一种可控制夹紧力的多功能爪型夹持器。     

Exploiting robotic link deflection for low-cost force measurement in manufacturing

A custom, low-cost force measurement system for manufacturing is presented that exploits robotic link deflection for measurement purposes instead of utilizing a commercially purchased load cell. Force measurement can be an important aspect to many manufacturing processes, as it can allow for force feedback control or other process-planning related operations, such as tool-workpiece autozero or through-the-tool joint tracking. This system is demonstrated on a machine that is used for Friction Stir Welding research, and a Finite Element Analysis is also conducted on the robotic link that is used for axial force measurement purposes. This system may be particularly attractive to small businesses or low-volume manufacturers whose smaller operating budgets may normally prohibit them from implementing force measurement systems.     

Sliding mode control of two-wheeled welding mobile robot for tracking smooth curved welding path

In this paper, a nonlinear controller based on sliding mode control is applied to a two-wheeled Welding Mobile Robot (WMR) to track a smooth curved welding path at a constant velocity of the welding point. The mobile robot is considered in terms of dynamics model in Cartesian coordinates under the presence of external disturbance, and its parameters are exactly known. It is assumed that the disturbance satisfies the matching condition with a known boundary. To obtain the controller, the tracking errors are defined, and the two sliding surfaces are chosen to guarantee that the errors converge to zero asymptotically. Two cases are to be considered : fixed torch and controllable torch. In addition, a simple way of measuring the errors is introduced using two potentiometers. The simulation and experiment on a two-wheeled welding mobile robot are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller.     

6R机器人轨迹规划及其在焊接中的应用

分析了关节坐标空间和直角坐标空间轨迹规划的特点，给出了轨迹规划的仿真算法，并进行了仿真分析，针对IVECO横梁的焊接，进行了机器人的轨迹规划，规划轨迹平滑连续，无抖动与停顿，可以保证机器人正常工作，规划结果表明所采用的方法是正确的。     

五自由度教学机器人的运动学分析及仿真

使用常规的D-H参数法对五自由度教学型机器人进行了运动学分析.在此基础上,利用MATLAB中的SimMechanics工具箱结合Simulink软件包,建立了机器人运动学仿真模型,仿真实验表明,该模型可以方便地得到机器人的运动轨迹及坐标参数,并可以直观地观察机器人的动态运动过程,有利于机器人的分析和优化设计.     

基于Solidworks的工业机器人离线编程系统

应用Solidworks API二次开发函数及VC++编程语言,开发了Solidworks环境下运行的工业机器人离线编程系统,实现了FANUC M-900iA/350型工业机器人位姿坐标计算、机器人逆运算及作业程序自动生成等功能。经过与Roboguide仿真结果对比证明,该离线编程系统稳定可靠。     

Kinematic parameter calibration method for industrial robot manipulator using the relative position

A new calibration method for industrial robot system calibration on a manufacturing floor is presented in this paper. To calibrate the robot system, a laser sensor to measure the distance between robot tool and measurement surface is attached to the robot end-effector and a grid is established in the floor. Given two position command pulses for a robot manipulator and using the position difference between two command pulses, the relative position measurement calibration method will find the real robot kinematic parameters. The procedures developed have been applied to an industrial robot. Finally, the effects of the models used to calibrate the robot are discussed. This calibration method represents an effective, low cost and feasible technique for the industrial robot calibration in lab. projects and industrial environments.     

机器人在先进制造业应用与研究

柔性制造、计算机集成、精益生产、虚拟制造等是先进制造业的发展趋势,机器人技术在先进制造系统中的地位和作用十分重要,但是目前在机器人向先进制造系统集成方面有一些问题需要突破.     

Dynamic error compensation for industrial robot based on thermal effect model

This paper analyses the kinematic parameters and the positioning accuracy of robot end effectors influenced by temperature factors. Temperature factors include robot self-heating and environmental temperature changes. This paper also builds the thermal distribution model and deformation model using finite element theory. A thermal compensation strategy is presented to validate the significant correlation between the robot kinematics parameters and previous thermal models mentioned above. It is convenient and suitable for industrial field. Thermal compensation is experimentally proved to adjust the position error of the end effectors by less than 0.1 mm.     

机器人虚拟示教编程系统

介绍了机器人编程技术的现状与发展,提出了一种基于虚拟现实技术的机器人虚拟示教编程系统,以增进机器人编程的可操作性和直观性,从而有利于机器人在实际生产中的应用与推广。