基于熵权-TOPSIS的光电光热制冷系统评价与分析

以三亚市某办公建筑为例，基于TRNSYS建立传统制冷系统、太阳能光电制冷系统和太阳能光热制冷系统，并对系统进行能耗模拟。然后以能源、经济和环境效益作为评价指标，使用熵权-TOPSIS法对传统制冷系统、光电制冷系统的两种不同方案、光热制冷系统进行综合评价，并对各方案进行比较。结果表明：太阳能光电制冷系统的两种不同方案的综合效益显著优于传统制冷系统；按耗电量匹配的光电制冷系统方案优于按最大安装面积匹配的系统方案；并且太阳能光电制冷系统比太阳能光热制冷系统具有更好的综合效益。     

冷暖联供太阳能喷射制冷系统的一次能耗

太阳能喷射式制冷(热泵)系统在满足供冷、供热需求时，通常需要补充一定量的一次常规能源。该文在系统能量平衡的基础上，引入太阳能倍率、冬夏负荷比等参数，推导了太阳能制冷系统与电压缩制冷系统的一次能耗比计算公式。进而对太阳能双元混合工质喷射式制冷(热泵)系统、单元工质喷射式制冷系统、太阳能直接供热系统与电压缩制冷系统的一次能源消耗进行了对比分析。结果表明，太阳能喷射式热泵比太阳能直接供暖系统节约一次常规能源；太阳能喷射式制冷(热泵)系统，在其太阳能倍率位于节能区时，比电压缩制冷(热泵)系统节约一次常规能源。     

新型太阳能吸附式制冷系统研究

提出用玻璃材料（玻璃管）代替金属材料做太阳能吸附式制冷系统的太阳能集热器和吸附床，建立了一套该种系统的试验样机，并在实验里对样机进行了试验研究。试验数据和结果表明，该系统的运行可靠，证明以玻璃管（真空管）做太阳能吸附式制冷系统的集热器和吸咐床是可行的。     

太阳能烟囱制冷系统的研究

通过分析制冷系统和太阳能烟囱热气流发电系统的技术和特点,提出了太阳能烟囱制冷系统.将太阳能烟囱系统与制冷系统相结合进行制冷,可实现制冷不用电.该系统由烟囱、集热棚、蓄热层、涡轮机、开启式制冷压缩机、冷凝器和变速器等组成.介绍了太阳能烟囱制冷系统的结构特点、工作原理以及系统相关参数的计算方法.分析结果表明,太阳能烟囱制冷系统结构简单,运行维护方便,制冷不用电,无污染,具有良好的环境效应,可根据环境温度改变压缩机运行转速调节供冷负荷,能有效解决热带及沙漠地区的供冷及供电问题.     

多能源复合采暖/空调系统设计

正目前市场上现行的新能源采暖/制冷系统主要有太阳能采暖系统、空气源热泵采暖-制冷系统和水源热泵采暖-制冷系统,但单个系统采暖-制冷都存在诸多问题,难以满足用户的冷热需求。本文结合工程实际情况,将太阳能集热器、空气源热泵、工业余热和水源热泵相结合设计一种多能源复合采暖/空调系统,可满足用户的需求,提供冬季供暖和夏季制冷需求,     

太阳能喷射式制冷系统性能的实验研究

对太阳能喷射式制冷系统进行了实验研究,采用电加热模拟太阳能辐射的方法,研究了冷凝器、发生器和蒸发器温度对制冷系统COP的影响,给出了太阳能喷射式制冷系统制冷能力与COP随时刻的变化关系。系统在80℃热源条件下,全天提供16℃的冷水,系统最大制冷量为0.43 kW。     

太阳能热利用的实践与体会

我国的太阳能建筑应用研究开始于上世纪70年代末，80年代重点发展了被动式太阳能采暖技术，建成数百座太阳能采暖示范建筑；90年代，太阳能热水器得到大力推广和全社会的普遍认可，成为家用首选产品，在宾馆、学校、洗浴中心等公共建筑中也有大量应用；90年代末至今，我国在太阳能技     

内蒙古地区太阳能热水采暖系统的应用研究

太阳能采暖系统是一种满足住户采暖和热水供应需求的新型太阳能热水系统,能有效的减少常规能源的消耗。针对北方寒冷地区气候特点,研究了一套新型的太阳能热水采暖组合系统,阐述了其工作流程,并以内蒙古新能源试验示范基地太阳房为试点,对其太阳能采暖和生活用热水供应的可行性、经济性进了行分析。     

新型太阳能喷射与电压缩联合制冷系统研究

为提高太阳能与辅助能源的综合利用率，提出了一种新型的太阳能喷射式与电压缩式有机结合为一体的联合制冷系统，进而对这种新型联合系统及传统联合系统进行了热力学对比分析，对联合系统太阳能喷射式制冷时最佳发生温度进行了选择，并计算了典型年气象条件下两种联合系统相对于电压缩制冷系统的节能量及节能率。结果表明：两种联合系统相对于电压缩式制冷系统而言都是节能的，但新型联合制冷系统比传统联合制冷系统更节能，更能高效地综合利用太阳能与常规能源：在文中计算条件下，新型联合系统比传统联合系统多节能13．6％。     

太阳能喷射式制冷系统性能分析

叙述了太阳能增压喷射式制冷的原理和系统工作过程. 探讨了太阳能喷射式制冷系统研究的进展状况.通过计算研究了多种制冷剂对喷射器工作性能和系统制冷系数的影响.应用数学模拟的方法,分析了太阳能增压喷射式制冷系统在实际日照条件下的工作性能.结果表明,这种系统能够利用太阳能提供实际需要的制冷量.     

Development of an embedded solar tracker for the enhancement of solar energy utilization

An embedded two‐axis solar tracking system using Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench to write the operation and control algorithms was developed for enhancing solar energy utilization. The system consists of a real‐time processor, two motion‐control modules, two step drives, two step motors, feedback devices, and other accessories needed for functional stability. The real‐time processor allows the solar tracker to be used as a stand‐alone, real‐time system that can operate automatically without any external control. The system combines two different solar tracking methods: the optical method and the astronomical method. Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) sensors are employed to continuously generate feedback signals to the controller, ensuring high‐precision solar tracking even under adverse conditions. The CdS sensor is a resistor whose electric resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensity. A database of solar altitude, azimuth, and sunrise and sunset times is provided by this solar tracking system. Other solar trackers operating in an astronomical method may access and use this database over the Internet. Solar position and sunrise and sunset times in the database were compared with those of the Astronomical Applications Department of the U.S. Naval Observatory. The differences were found to be negligible. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Design nomogram for long-term performance prediction of Integrated Collector–Storage (ICS) solar water heater

The performance prediction of Solar Integrated Collector–Storage System (ICS) is determined in terms of generalized dimensionless grouped parameters. These dimensionless parameters are primarily a combination of physical characteristics representing thermal performance curves for solar ICS systems and include information readily available to a designer pertaining to dimensions, thermal characteristics and operating conditions. The inter-relation between these is summarised as a nomogram and helps in predicting the system performance graphically for a particular locality or it may be deduced from it by simple hand calculation. This method does not require a detailed knowledge of system parameters for predicting system performance, and an advantage of this method is that short-term performance data is used to predict long-term performance and solar fraction. A simulation model was developed using a transient one-dimensional analysis for a solar ICS system. Time-dependent heat transfer coefficients and thermophysical properties were taken in the present simulation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

温室太阳能加热系统的设计与试验研究

针对温室冬季加热费用高的问题，作者研制了温室太阳能加热系统，介绍了系统的总体设计，详细论述了系统的控制策略和软件设计，实现了系统的自动控制，并对系统进行了应用效果试验。系统经济性分析评价的结果表明，与锅炉和电加热系统相比，使用本系统是经济合理的。     

太阳能热水系统流量分布的一种分析计算方法

分析了在求解太阳能集热器的流量分布时,能量守恒模型和现行的动量守恒模型存在的一些不足。在前人研究的基础上,综合考虑计算的可行性、准确性和简便性后,建立了新的数学模型,提出了一种改进算法,并对计算结果进行了误差分析。     

我国典型城市太阳热水系统热及经济性能分析

对太阳热水系统热及经济性能的分析是系统设计合理的关键。采用了f-CHART方法对太阳热水系统的热和经济性能进行计算和优化分析。首先对我国的太阳能资源分布和f-CHART方法进行了简要的描述，随后对我国太阳能区划的5个典型城市的太阳热水系统的热及经济性能进行模拟计算。计算结果包括太阳能利用率、太阳热水系统优化配置方案、寿命期(10年)内的经济性能等。该方法及其结果可以为实际太阳热水工程的设计和评价提供依据。     

Probabilistic analysis of weather data for a hybrid solar/wind energy system

In this paper, a procedure for the probabilistic treatment of solar irradiance and wind speed data is reported as a method of evaluating, at a given site, the electric energy generated by both a photovoltaic system and a wind system. The aim of the proposed approach is twofold: first, to check if the real probability distribution functions (PDFs) of both clearness index and wind speed overlap with Hollands and Huget and Weibull PDFs, respectively; and then to find the parameters of these two distributions that best fit the real data. Further, using goodness‐of‐fit tests, these PDFs are compared with another set of very common PDFs, namely the Gordon and Reddy and Lognormal functions, respectively. The results inform the design of a pre‐processing stage for the input of an algorithm that probabilistically optimizes the design of hybrid solar wind power systems. In this paper, the validity of the proposed procedure was tested using long‐term meteorological data from Acireale (Italy). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sizing and modelling of photovoltaic water pumping system

With the decline in price of the photovoltaics (PVs) their use as a power source for water pumping is the most attractive solution instead of using diesel generators or electric motors driven by a grid system. In this paper, a method to design a PV pumping system is presented and discussed, which is then used to calculate the required size of the PV for an existing farm. Furthermore, the amount of carbon dioxide emissions saved by the use of PV water pumping system instead of using diesel-fuelled generators or electrical motor connected to the grid network is calculated. In addition, an experimental set-up is developed for the PV water pumping system using both DC and AC motors with batteries. The experimental tests are used to validate the developed MATLAB model. This research work demonstrates that using the PV water pumping system is not only improving the living conditions in rural areas but it is also protecting the environment and can be a cost-effective application in remote locations.     

Characteristics and application of road absorbing solar energy

If the heat of road surface can be stored in summer, the road surface temperature will be decreased to prevent permanent deformation of pavement. Besides, if the heat stored is released, it can supply heat for buildings or raise the road surface temperature for snow melting in winter. A road-solar energy system was built in this study, and the heat transfer mechanism and effect of the system were analyzed according to the monitored solar radiant heat, the solar energy absorbed by road and the heat stored by soil. The results showed that the road surface temperature was mainly affected by solar radiation, but the effect is hysteretic in nature. The temperature of the solar road surface was 3°C–6°C lower than that of the ordinary road surface. The temperature of the solar road along the vertical direction was 2°C–5°C lower than that of the ordinary road. The temperature difference increased as the distance to the heat transfer tubes decreased. The average solar collector efficiency of the system was 14.4%, and the average solar absorptivity of road surface was 36%.     

F-图法的可视化算例及其分析

简要的介绍国际通用的稳态太阳能供热系统分析方法F-图法(F-Chart)及其特性,采用VB和Fortran混合语言编程实现了F-图法分析软件的可视化,并以算例对软件计算的正确性进行了检验,对软件的输入、输出进行了说明,并对计算结果进行了讨论。该算例对以天然气、柴油、汽油和电作为辅助燃料时系统的经济性进行了分析,分析表明,随着燃料价格的上升优化系统太阳能保证率随之增加。并就集热器面积的大小对系统经济性的影响进行了分析,结果表明集热器面积的大小直接影响了分析期内系统的总投资。最后综合阐述了系统设计时燃料类型和集热器面积选择方面的注意事项。F-图法可视化软件为太阳能供暖设计和系统性能评价提供了一个更加方便的分析平台。     

太阳能等照度带聚焦菲涅耳透镜研究

为了提高聚光发电时太阳电池的光电转换效率,从提高太阳电池表面会聚光强分布的均匀性入手,对传统平板型线聚焦透镜进行改进,提出一种用于聚光光伏发电的等照度带聚焦菲涅耳透镜设计方法。带聚焦菲涅耳透镜分为奇数个单元,每个单元宽度与太阳电池宽度相等,单元内所有尖劈角φ相等并将太阳辐射等宽度折射至太阳电池表面,从而实现各单元透过的太阳能等照度叠加。最大聚光比由光伏电池宽度、透镜与太阳电池间距以及透镜材料折射率决定。对带聚焦和线聚焦两种透镜聚光条件下电池表面温度分布情况进行比较分析,验证了等照度带聚焦透镜设计的可行性。