乳清浓缩蛋白的应用

乳清是干酪或干酪素生产的副产品。随着新技术的不断推出,乳清产品已受到越来越多的关注,现已作为多种不同需求的食品配料使用。乳清是蛋白质的经济来源,它能给食品加工提供许多功能性成分。乳清产品（包括乳糖）能改善质构、增强风味和色泽,起乳化和稳定作用,改善流动性和在于混料中的分散性,有助于延长货架期和表现出许多能改善食品品质的特性。由于乳清加工和精制技术上的发展;在过去几年中,乳清产品在食品中的应用增长迅猛,其中婴儿食品使用乳清已有数年,因为它能提供许多营养成分,但许多有关乳清的最新应用于培烤食品、乳饮…     

美国乳清蛋白的应用研究和最新进展

牛乳中的蛋白质包括两个主要组成部分──酪蛋白（80％）和乳清蛋白（20％）。在干酪生产中酪蛋白从牛乳中被分离出来，剩余部分称为乳清，乳清蛋白就存在于乳清中。乳清蛋白在很多方面与酪蛋白不同，它们是一些更小的、紧密的球状蛋白质。它们独特的氨基酸序列和三维结构赋予它们广泛的功能特性，这些性质对亚洲和中国的食品加工者来说是十分有益的。新技术产生的新产品随着现代科学技术的发展，具有多种功能特性的，满足许多企业不同需要的乳清蛋白产品不断增加。乳清蛋白的加工能产生多种不同的最终产品。在过去的十年中，随着膜技术和离…     

乳清蛋白的酶解及其性质研究

研究了碱性蛋白酶对乳清蛋白的水解作用。通过正交试验,得出最优水解条件为：[E／S]=5％、T=60℃、pH=8．0,水解度=21．6％;离子交换法脱盐处理,脱盐率77．1％,蛋白回收率81．8％;多肽水解液在等电点附近溶解度为90％,经灭菌处理后溶解度高达94％以上。     

美国乳清蛋白在肉类加工中的新应用

有哪家肉联厂和火腿肠厂不想降低成本、提高单产呢?乳清蛋白能助你一臂之力,这就是为什么每家火腿肠和鱼糜制品厂都对乳清制品怀有极其浓厚的兴趣。 多少年来,乳清制品虽然能降低配料成本,但高乳糖影响了它在肉制品中的应用。最近,乳清制品的加工和制造取得了很大进展,这有助于、也吸引了肉制品厂。现在,乳清制品的蛋白质含量可以做到从11％到90％以上,它们在增加产品功能的同时还能保持产品的应用价值。 乳清浓缩蛋白(WPC)和乳清分离蛋白(WPI)是最新的产品,是乳清经过一系列的超滤、双重过滤和浓缩     

美国乳清蛋白应用研讨会将于9月在京举办

为了促进业内人士对乳清蛋白及其应用的了解,美国乳品出口协会将于2009年9月1113在北京嘉里中心酒店举办为期一天的研讨会,届时,将有来自美国的Steven Young博士与大家见面,系统全面地介绍美国乳清蛋白的营养和功能特性,及其在饮料、酸奶、膳食补充品、冰淇淋等产品中的应用实例和市场前景。     

水牛奶乳清蛋白的热稳定性

以水牛奶为材料,利用native-PAGE和SDS-PAGE,通过不同温度和加热条件下总乳清蛋白和单体蛋白质量浓度的变化,研究水牛奶乳清蛋白的热稳定性。结果表明:水牛奶乳清蛋白在native-PAGE条件下只有β-LG一条条带,在SDS-PAGE条件下得到4条单体乳清蛋白条带;随着提取温度和时间的增加,水牛奶单体乳清蛋白和总乳清蛋白质量浓度均呈下降趋势,说明水牛奶乳清蛋白热稳定性较差;4种乳清单体蛋白中,α-LA的热稳定性最好,IG的热稳定性最差,热稳定性顺序为:α-LAβ-LGBSAIG。     

乳清蛋白在食品工业中的应用

乳清蛋白是生产奶酪的副产品(乳清)经浓缩而得的产品.它是一种很有营养价值的原料,并且具有许多独特的功能性质.乳清蛋白在食品工业中的应用具有广阔的前景.     

美国乳清蛋白在肉制品加工中的应用

<正> 当前乳清配料在肉制品加工中的应用呈现上升趋势。有多种类型的美国乳清蛋白产品可以应用于肉类、家禽和海鲜制品中,其中最常用的产品有:甜乳清、乳清浓缩蛋白(蛋白质含量34%～80%)、乳清分离蛋白(蛋白质含量≥90%)和其它定制的乳清浓缩蛋白(WPC)和/或乳清分离蛋白(WPI)产品。     

乳清的开发与利用

乳清的开发与利用张敬荣（东北农业大学·哈尔滨市１５００３０）张英德（黑龙江省轻工研究所·哈尔滨市１５００１０）１引言乳清是生产干酪、干酪素等的副产品，是制造上述产品时从牛乳中分离出来的液体部分。一般每生产１ｋｇ干酪可得到１０ｋｇ乳清。全世界每年生产干...     

Functionality of extrusion--texturized whey proteins

Whey, a byproduct of the cheesemaking process, is concentrated by processors to make whey protein concentrates (WPC) and isolates (WPI). Only 50% of whey proteins are used in foods. In order to increase their usage, texturizing WPC, WPI, and whey albumin is proposed to create ingredients with new functionality. Extrusion processing texturizes globular proteins by shearing and stretching them into aligned or entangled fibrous bundles. In this study, WPC, WPI, and whey albumin were extruded in a twin screw extruder at approximately 38% moisture content (15.2 ml/min, feed rate 25 g/min) and, at different extrusion cook temperatures, at the same temperature for the last four zones before the die (35, 50, 75, and 100 degrees C, respectively). Protein solubility, gelation, foaming, and digestibility were determined in extrudates. Degree of extrusion-induced insolubility (denaturation) or texturization, determined by lack of solubility at pH 7 for WPI, increased from 30 to 60, 85, and 95% for the four temperature conditions 35, 50, 75, and 100 degrees C, respectively. Gel strength of extruded isolates increased initially 115% (35 degrees C) and 145% (50 degrees C), but gel strength was lost at 75 and 100 degrees C. Denaturation at these melt temperatures had minimal effect on foaming and digestibility. Varying extrusion cook temperature allowed a new controlled rate of denaturation, indicating that a texturized ingredient with a predetermined functionality based on degree of denaturation can be created.     

Water sorption by proteins: milk and whey proteins

The content and physical state of water in foods influence their physical, chemical, quality, safety, and functional behavior. Information concerning the sorption behavior of dairy proteins, in the water activity (Aw) range 0 to 0.9, is collated in this paper. The sorption behavior of proteins in general, the kinetics of absorption, factors affecting water binding, the phenomenon of desorption hysteresis, and the chemical and physical nature of water/protein interactions are reviewed in general terms. This is followed by a discussion of thermodynamic aspects of sorption phenomena and the adequacy of the various equations for describing sorption isotherms of proteins. After a discussion of the methods available for measuring sorption by milk proteins, the sorption behavior of various milk protein preparations, i.e., nonfat dry milk, whey proteins, caseins, and milk powders is summarized. Finally, the water activity of cheese and its relationship to solute mobility and solvent water are discussed. Some of the unique features of protein behavior, i.e., conformational changes, swelling, and solubilization are cited as possible sources of disparities between various reports.     

大豆乳清蛋白研究进展

大豆乳清蛋白是大豆加工业产生的大豆乳清水中的酸溶性蛋白成分,它的性质及其应用越来越受到人们的重视.本文从分离与组成、各组分的生理活性、功能特性及食品工业中的应用等角度,针对其相关的国内外研究进展进行了综述.     

大豆乳清蛋白功能特性的研究

对经过膜分离技术提取的大豆乳清蛋白的功能特性进行研究。主要研究了pH对大豆乳清蛋白的溶解特性、起泡性能及乳化性能的影响,并对大豆乳清蛋白的组成成分进行了电泳分析。结果表明,大豆乳清蛋白具有较好的溶解性及起泡性,但泡沫稳定性及乳化性不如大豆分离蛋白。大豆乳清蛋白主要包含6种成分。     

Interactions between whey proteins and salivary proteins as related to astringency of whey protein beverages at low pH

Whey protein beverages have been shown to be astringent at low pH. In the present study, the interactions between model whey proteins (β-lactoglobulin and lactoferrin) and human saliva in the pH range from 7 to 2 were investigated using particle size, turbidity, and ζ-potential measurements and sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE. The correlation between the sensory results of astringency and the physicochemical data was discussed. Strong interactions between β-lactoglobulin and salivary proteins led to an increase in the particle size and turbidity of mixtures of both unheated and heated β-lactoglobulin and human saliva at pH ∼3.4. However, the large particle size and high turbidity that occurred at pH 2.0 were the result of aggregation of human salivary proteins. The intense astringency in whey protein beverages may result from these increases in particle size and turbidity at these pH values and from the aggregation and precipitation of human salivary proteins alone at pH <3.0. The involvement of salivary proteins in the interaction is a key factor in the perception of astringency in whey protein beverages. At any pH, the increases in particle size and turbidity were much smaller in mixtures of lactoferrin and saliva, which suggests that aggregation and precipitation may not be the only mechanism linked to the perception of astringency in whey protein.     

功能性乳清的综合利用

1　乳清综合利用的意义乳清是指在制造干酪或或干酪素时 ,分离出凝絮物后剩下的一种极稀薄的液体 ,是工业生产干酪及干酪素的副产品。乳清按生产干酪时的工艺不同可分为甜乳清 (ｐＨ约为 6 0 )、酸性乳清(ｐＨ约为 4 6 )、含盐乳清 ,含盐乳清则是指在加工干酪时另外加了食盐而得的乳清。近年来 ,随着人们对营养健康食品认识的提高 ,蛋白质、脂肪含量相当于原料奶 10倍的高营养含量的干酪 ,成为世界上唯一保持连续上升的乳品[1] 。据报导 ,1984年世界干酪产量为 12 33 7万吨 ,1989年上升到 14 4 4 4万吨 ,至1990年已达 180 0万吨 ,这三个年…     

Incorporating whey proteins into mozzarella cheese

A study was conducted to improve the yield of cheese and make reduced fat cheese by incorporating whey proteins. Whey protein dispersions were prepared by heating whey at 95°C and pH 4.6, then removing excess serum and homogenizing part of the whey protein. Cheeses were made from standardized milk and standardized milk with homogenized and non-homogenized protein dispersions. Cheeses were also made from standardized milk, reduced fat milk and reduced fat milk with homogenized protein. Adding whey proteins improved the yield, but lowered the retention of fat. Homogenization of whey proteins improved fat retention and yield. The dry matter increase was due to increased solids-non-fat. Reduced fat cheese gave lower yields, which were partially offset by adding homogenized whey proteins. Physical and sensory properties of reduced fat cheeses made with homogenized whey proteins were similar to the control.     

乳清制品在焙烤食品中的应用

<正> 过去几代焙烤师已逐渐认识到乳清粉的特性,并在传统的蛋糕、饼干和面包,以至现代的蛋羹、糖衣和华夫饼等食品中广泛使用。由于蛋白质与乳糖之间所发生的褐变和美拉德反应,会使产品的色泽和风味发生变化,而使用乳清粉的主要目的,就在于强化和改善食品的色泽和风味。乳清制品的加工与制造最近取得的重大进步,为焙烤师带来了喜讯。各种乳清制品的蛋白、乳糖、灰分和脂肪含量各     

Synergistic enhancement in the co-gelation of salt-soluble pea proteins and whey proteins

This paper investigated the enhancement of thermal gelation properties when salt-soluble pea proteins were co-gelated with whey proteins in NaCl solutions, using different blend ratios, total protein concentrations, pH, and salt concentrations. Results showed that the thermal co-gelation of pea/whey proteins blended in ratio of 2:8 in NaCl solutions showed synergistic enhancement in storage modulus, gel hardness, paste viscosity and minimum gelation concentrations. The highest synergistic enhancement was observed at pH 6.0 as compared with pH 4.0 and 8.0, and at the lower total protein concentration of 10% as compared with 16% and 22% (w/v), as well as in lower NaCl concentrations of 0.5% and 1.0% as compared with 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, and 3.0% (w/v). The least gelation concentrations were also lower in the different pea/whey protein blend ratios than in pure pea or whey proteins, when dissolved in 1.0% or 2.5% (w/v) NaCl aqueous solutions.     

Atomic force microscopy studies on whey proteins

β-Lactoglobulin, standard whey protein concentrate (WPC 80) and cold-gelling whey protein concentrate (mWPC 80) were dried onto mica sheets at 0.03-3 μg cm⁻² surface load and imaged with atomic force microscopy (AFM) in tapping mode. β-Lactoglobulin and WPC 80 spread to a fairly even 2.5 nm thick layer at about monolayer surface load, while mWPC showed particle sizes of 20-30 nm laterally. There is little difference in the observed structures between 0.3 and 3 μg cm⁻² apart from the higher surface load. At 0.03 μg cm⁻², β-lactoglobulin spread somewhat more thinly than WPC 80. With the addition of DTT, mWPC spread evenly with only few particles in evidence. AFM appears to be a convenient method for the characterization of aggregation states of sub-micrometer protein particles.