极大流量工况下离心泵内部流场数值分析

针对离心泵极大流量工况下内部流动特性的问题,应用流体动力学软件Fluent,采用RNGκ-ε湍流模型与SIMPLEC算法,对某一高比转速离心泵内部流场进行了数值模拟,并与实验结果进行了比较。对比分析了4种不同流量工况下离心泵内部流体速度和压力分布以及离心泵的外特性。研究结果表明,在设计流量工况下,离心泵内部压力分布均匀,速度迹线平滑;较大流量工况下,蜗壳压力不断减小,速度分布不均匀;极大流量(1.7Qopt)工况下,蜗壳出口处出现局部负压现象,速度流线产生的漩涡增大,在扩散管局部位置流体受到冲击,容易出现回流现象。针对离心泵在不同工况下以及达到极大流量工况下内部流动随流量变化规律的研究,可为高比转速离心泵多工况优化设计、延长使用寿命提供参考。     

小流量工况下低比转速离心泵内部流场的数值分析

针对小流量工况下低比转速离心泵内部流动特性问题,通过运用计算流体力学软件FLUENT,并采用RNG k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLE算法,对离心泵内部流场进行了数值模拟。采用3种不同网格数对离心泵模型进行了网格无关性分析以验证提高数值计算的准确性。沿进水管道至其进口端设置了监测点,分析了周向速度和轴向速度,得出了不同工况下发生回流的位置,分析比较了4种流量工况下离心泵内部的流场分布。结果表明:0.7Qd工况下,进水管道和叶轮流道中的流线均比较平滑,离心泵内部流动比较稳定。0.6Qd工况下,叶轮进口和叶轮流道开始产生了漩涡。随着流量的进一步降低,叶轮进口回流强度增大,叶轮流道中的漩涡逐渐向其相邻流道中扩展,离心泵内部的流态十分紊乱。     

离心泵叶轮区瞬态流动及压力脉动特性

目前离心泵过流部件的瞬态流动分析主要集中在蜗壳内,对旋转叶轮区内的流动特性研究较少。基于RNG k-ε湍流模型和滑移网格,对不同工况下离心泵内部瞬态流场进行数值模拟,计算得到的离心泵扬程和效率曲线与试验结果吻合较好。在离心泵叶片正背面分别设置3个监测点,分析叶轮区压力脉动特性。结果表明,设计工况下叶片正背面压力脉动的主频为叶轮转频或2倍叶轮转频,非设计工况下其主频均为叶轮转频。从叶轮进口到出口,叶片正背面的压力脉动最大幅值都逐渐增大。同一监测点上压力脉动最大幅值在小流量时最大,约为设计工况下5倍。分析小流量工况下叶轮内部相对速度分布,叶轮出口处附近随时间变化的旋涡是内部流动不均匀的主要原因,使得离心泵在该工况下运行效率低、压力脉动强度大。     

低比转速离心泵叶轮内三维流场PIV试验及数值仿真

为研究低比转速离心泵内部流场分布情况，借助于PIV试验，结合数值仿真方法对一台叶轮直径为187 mm、比转速为70的离心泵叶轮通道流场进行了测量及数值模拟计算。为对比不同湍流模型计算结果的可信度，分别采用Standard k-ε模型、RNG k-ε模型、SST k-ω模型进行计算，并将流场计算结果与PIV试验结果进行了对比。研究结果表明：在小流量工况下，叶轮通道内速度分布较不均匀，在通道后半区域靠近叶片工作面存在明显的低速区，叶片背面的中前部区域附近出现高速区；随着流量增大，叶轮通道内部速度分布渐趋均匀，水流出口角增加。三个湍流模型计算结果与试验结果吻合较好，尤其是对低速区的模拟较好。对比三个不同的湍流模型，在小流量工况及设计流量工况下，RNG k-ε模型计算结果与试验值更为接近；在大流量工况下，Standard k-ε模型计算结果与试验值吻合更好。对比离心泵整体性能表现，扬程、效率计算结果均远高于试验测量值。     

基于多面体网格的离心泵性能预测分析

多面体网格具有计算网格数量少、精度高、收敛速度快等优势,但在离心泵性能预测分析方面应用较少。以一台实际运行的低比转速离心泵为研究对象,建立离心泵内部流场模拟的三维数学模型,划分多面体网格,计算其扬程和效率,并预测其性能。通过与试验值进行对比分析,验证了采用多面体网格预测离心泵性能的可行性与准确度。研究表明,在设计工况下,选用SSTk-ω湍流模型计算的结果与试验值更接近,具有更好的适应性;采用多面体网格划分预测水泵性能曲线与试验值有较好的一致性,但在小流量工况下数值模拟偏差较大,需尽可能的消除蜗壳出口回流,提高数值模拟的精度。     

基于CFD的离心泵三维内流场的数值模拟

为了研究离心泵内部流场的流动规律,基于CFD技术,应用雷诺时均N-S方程与标准k-ε湍流模型对不同工况下二级离心泵内部的三维湍流流动进行了数值模拟,并对其内部的流动状态进行了分析,得到了离心泵内部流场的压力分布规律。结果表明:随着出口流量不断增大,泵的整体压力逐渐减小,各级叶轮的压力逐渐减小,叶轮的速度值逐渐增大。在相同条件下,离心泵进口到出口的压力逐渐增大,各级叶轮中的静压值径向逐渐增大,且次级叶轮的压力值比首级叶轮的压力值大。     

叶片交错布置对双吸离心泵外特性的影响

基于RANS方程、修正后的RNG湍流模型和壁面函数法,采用CFX软件分别对交错布置和对称布置叶片的高转速低比转速双吸离心泵进行了流场为三维不可压缩湍流流场的数值模拟,计算得到了各自的性能曲线以及叶片和蜗壳内的压力和速度分布。通过对比分析可知,采用交错布置叶片能有效降低泵的轴功率,且在设计工况和大流量工况提高泵的效率,能明显改善蜗壳内部流动特性,有效减小泵内气蚀的严重程度,增强离心泵的运行稳定性。     

叶片进口型线对高速离心泵内部流动特性的影响

叶片进口结构对离心泵的性能具有重要的影响。为了解叶片进口型线对高速离心泵外特性及内部流动特性的影响,以一台高速离心泵为研究对象,设计了两种不同叶片进口角度的叶轮(IP0、IP30)。利用Fluent软件,基于N-S方程和SST k-ω湍流模型对两种不同叶片进口角度叶轮的高速离心泵进行全流场三维数值模拟,并以外特性试验验证数值模拟结果的准确性。结果表明:IP30在1.0Q、1.2Q以及流量小于0.4Q时扬程均高于IP0,在0.6Q及0.8Q流量下扬程低于IP0,在全流量工况下效率均低于IP0。整体而言,IP30叶轮的高速离心泵能在一定程度上消除驼峰。与IP0相比,IP30的压力脉动幅值更低,具有更稳定的周期性,具有更好的压力脉动特性。     

带有前置导叶离心泵空化性能的试验及数值模拟

为分析前置导叶对离心泵空化性能的影响,在不同流量下开展带有前置导叶离心泵的空化性能试验,得到无导叶、导叶预旋角(12(时的离心泵空化性能曲线.空化性能试验结果表明,离心泵的临界空化余量随流量的增大近似线性增大.基于均相流假设的完全空化模型,考虑空化流可压缩性的影响修正RNG κ-ε湍流模型,采用SMPLEC算法,数值求解雷诺平均的Navier-Stokes方程,模拟离心泵安装前置导叶前后不同工况下的全流道空化流动.计算得到的H-LBOSGa曲线与试验数据吻合较好,验证计算方法的准确性.基于数值模拟结果,分析不同工况下叶轮内部空泡体积率的分布规律,发现前置导叶预旋调节对离心泵叶轮空化性能的影响较小,并能有效改善叶轮进口流态,使压力分布更均匀.     

离心泵内流场空化特性的数值模拟研究

针对离心泵内流场特性分析困难的问题,对离心泵流场数值模拟的几何模型建立、模型网格划分和边界条件设定进行了研究,采用计算流体力学方法,获取了在敞水性能条件下离心泵的扬程-流量、效率-流量的变化关系;结合Zwart空化模型,重点对不同有效汽蚀余量时离心泵的空化流场进行了数值模拟,得到了离心泵的内部流线和空泡分布的情况,并与该离心泵机组进行了性能测试实验,最后在此基础之上进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,所采用的数值模拟方法和空化模型合理有效,此结果可为进一步开展离心泵空化监测技术研究提供借鉴。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.