考虑准则依赖的多准则变权决策新方法

为克服Choquet积分、网络分析法以及决策试行与评价实验室方法在处理具有准则依赖特征的多准则决策问题时存在的指数灾难、难以进行有效判断以及忽视因素自我影响强度等内在缺陷,吸纳网络分析法、数据包络分析以及非线性加权影响测度体系的核心思想,提出一种全新的考虑准则依赖的多准则变权决策方法。该方法不仅从超矩阵构造机理上实现了对系统方案的变权评价,而且更易于反映复杂决策问题的非线性、涌现性、复杂性等本质特征以及决策者的偏好判断信息。案例对比验证结果表明,所提方法是科学可行的,对于解决复杂系统多准则决策问题有着较强的实践应用可操作性。     

基于非线性复杂系统观的直觉模糊变权多属性决策方法

为克服传统直觉模糊多属性决策方法所存在的采用固定不变的权重体系难以反映复杂系统因素之间蕴含的非线性联结机理、尚未考虑方案之间的内在关联性、对于决策主体风险偏好的异质性关注不足等缺陷,依据非线性复杂系统思维观,通过将属性因素变权、方案因素关联和决策主体风险态度合理引入三方面有机融合,提出一种直觉模糊变权多属性决策方法.该方法运用决策试行与评价实验室(DEMATEL)算法确定出不同方案情境下变化的属性权重,且通过综合集成集对势理论和风险态度系数构建出新的记分函数,并证明了其相关性质.最后,通过案例应用及对比分析验证了所提出方法的科学性和可行性.     

信息不完全的多准则层次分类方法研究

提出一种信息不完全的多准则层次分类决策方法．该方法利用决策者对训练集的分类结果(属于最高分类和不属于最高分类)和准则权系数的不完全信息构建非线性规划模型，将其转换成线性规划模型，求解得到训练集中方案在各准则值下的偏好值和准则权系数，通过插值得到方案集中方案在各准则下的偏好值，计算其一致性指标值，确定是否属于该分类．对于不属于最高分类的训练集中的方案进行分类，并继续上述过程，直到所有方案均分类为止．最后通过实例说明该方法的有效性和可行性．     

基于投票排序的复杂系统ANP-BOCR群组决策新方法

传统ANP-BOCR方法（即从收益（B）、机会（O）、成本（C）和风险（R）视角分别构造ANP（网络分析法）子网络,再将BOCR子网络下的方案评价值进行综合集成）被认为是一种处理复杂系统问题的有效方法。然而,一方面,该方法不仅尚未考虑隶属于不同BOCR子网络中元素之间的关联关系,而且在对BOCR方案评价值进行集成时也会陷入简单还原论的思维误区。另一方面,该方法集成群组专家意见时通常会损失部分专家的偏好判断信息,并硬性要求所有专家提供各方案的全偏好判断信息。为克服上述缺陷,通过构建复杂问题ANP-BOCR的新分析结构,提出基于DEA（数据包络分析）投票排序的ANP-BOCR群组决策新方法。新方法不仅实现了方法论和整体论的有机融合,而且还可保证群组专家信息集成过程中的信息无损。案例应用结果表明：新方法是行之有效的,有较强的实践应用推广价值。     

基于方案修订的群决策一致性形成的研究

层次分析法(AHP)是群决策中经常使用的一种方法,利用AHP进行群决策的过程实质上也是决策者个体偏好集结的过程。针对如何将不同形式的偏好信息进行有效集结以形成群决策一致性方案的问题,提出一种通过活用AHP修订决策方案达到决策者群体的一致性偏好最终得以形成的方法,在利用决策者的决策信息进行群组划分的基础上明确各个划分的决策偏好差异,提出了活用AHP进行群决策一致性形成的方向,并形成了有效的动态群决策过程。     

偏好关系粗近似的一种新方法*

提出一种多准则方案对偏好程度粗度量的一般方法。构造了一种从参考方案集中获取偏好规则并用于全体方案排序和优选的算法。将参考方案对的偏好关系定量分级表示,应用粗集理论的近似原理对综合偏好关系进行粗近似以获取基于偏好信息的决策规则。计算实例表明新方法能充分表示决策者的偏好,有效避免了规则不一致性。     

概率语言术语集多准则决策方法研究进展

多准则决策理论与方法的应用能否达到预期的经济效益与社会效益,逐步成为该研究领域关注的核心议题。近年来,基于概率语言术语集（Probabilistic Language Term Set,PLTS）的决策理论与方法受到广泛关注,PLTS既能够反映决策者对方案或准则的犹豫模糊语言评价或比较偏好,又能体现各语言术语的概率信息,较为贴近决策者的思维认知过程,已广泛应用于投资项目风险评估、模式识别、医疗诊断等领域,产生了良好的应用效果。从PLTS的信息融合理论、测度理论、偏好关系理论、基于PLTS的多准则决策方法这四方面系统回顾PLTS的研究现状,分析现有研究存在的不足,指出采用概率不确定语言术语集（Probabilistic Uncertain Linguistic Term Set,PULTS）即能更为高效、精准地反映定性决策信息的模糊不确定性。阐述该领域后续研究应当重点关注PULTS的信息融合、测度理论框架、偏好关系的一致性-共识达成过程、多准则群决策方法及其应用研究等核心问题,并给出相应的研究思路,为该领域后续研究提供可行性借鉴。     

多粒度拓展语言层级群组DEMATEL改进方法*

决策试行与评价实验室方法(decision making trial and evaluation laboratory,DEMATEL)作为一种面向复杂社会经济系统问题的因素分析算法,近年来受到国内外学者的广泛关注。为解决DEMATEL方法在分析复杂不确定社会经济系统时,由于专家知识背景不同而导致的群组专家选择多粒度评价标度进行偏好信息判断的问题,引入二元语义模型表达群组专家的偏好判断信息,提出一种基于拓展语言层级模型的多粒度群组DEMATEL改进方法。改进方法先对群组专家给出的不同粒度评价信息构造二元语义直接影响矩阵,再利用拓展语言层级模型进行归一化处理,并通过二元语义集合算子进行群组信息的集成,进而运用DEMATEL方法进行系统因素的因果关系分析与决策。最后,将改进方法应用于中国汽车零部件再制造的内部障碍因素分析,案例应用结果表明,所提方法在实践中是切实可行的。     

基于离差优化的信息不完全确定的多准则分类方法

提出一种准则权系数信息不完全确定且有训练集的多准则分类决策方法.该方法利用训练集的分类结果和准则权系数的不完全确定信息,基于类间离差最大和类离差最小构建非线性规划模型,再利用遗传算法求解所得优化模型,得到训练集中各方案在各准则下的效用值和准则权系数,通过插值得到方案集中方案在准则下的效用值,确定方案与各类间的离差,进而得到方案的分类.实例计算表明了该方法的有效性和可行性.     

基于证据理论的群组DEMATEL改进方法

在群组DEMATEL（决策试验与评价实验室）分析过程中,科学合理地集成群组专家意见是保证群决策有效性的技术核心。然而现有文献不仅没有对群组专家意见的集成机理作出科学合理的解释,而且还存在单专家对因素关系判断过于主观武断的问题。为克服上述缺陷,在概述传统群组DEMATEL及系统分析其缺陷的基础上,提出了一种基于证据理论的群组DEMATEL改进方法。该方法优点在于：一方面以信度函数反映决策信息的不完备性,并通过Dempster组合规则有效集成群组专家意见;另一方面以整体判断思想实现群组专家证据信息的交互。实例验证结果表明,改进方法是科学可行的,有着较强的实际应用可操作性。     

Developing a fuzzy TOPSIS approach based on subjective weights and objective weights

Multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) is widely used in ranking one or more alternatives from a set of available alternatives with respect to multiple criteria. Inspired by MCDM to systematically evaluate alternatives under various criteria, we propose a new fuzzy TOPSIS for evaluating alternatives by integrating using subjective and objective weights. Most MCDM approaches consider only decision maker’s subjective weights. However, the end-user attitude can be a key factor. We propose a novel approach that involves end-user into the whole decision making process. In this proposed approach, the subjective weights assigned by decision makers (DM) are normalized into a comparable scale. In addition, we also adopt end-user ratings as an objective weight based on Shannon’s entropy theory. A closeness coefficient is defined to determine the ranking order of alternatives by calculating the distances to both ideal and negative-ideal solutions. A case study is performed showing how the propose method can be used for a software outsourcing problem. With our method, we provide decision makers more information to make more subtle decisions.     

A Model for Decision Making with Missing,Imprecise, and Uncertain Evaluations of Multiple Criteria

In real‐life multicriteria decision making (MCDM) problems, the evaluations against some criteria are often missing, inaccurate, and even uncertain, but the existing theories and models cannot handle such evaluations well. To address the issue, this paper extends the Dempster–Shafer (DS)/analytic hierarchy process (DS/AHP) approach of MCDM to handle three types of ambiguous evaluations: missing, interval‐valued, and ambiguous lottery evaluations. In our extension, the aggregation of criteria's evaluation takes the following six steps: (i) calculate the expected evaluation interval and the ambiguity degree of each group of decision alternatives regarding each criterion, (ii) from them to obtain the preference degree of each group of decision alternatives, (iii) apply the DS/AHP method to obtain the mass function distribution of each group of decision alternatives, (iv) use the Dempster's rule of combination to get the overall mass function of each group of decision alternatives with respect to all criteria, (v) according to the overall mass function to count the belief function and the plausibility function of each decision alternative, and (vi) set the overall preference ordering of decision alternatives by our regret‐avoid ambiguous principle and then find the optimal solution. Finally, we give an example of real estate investment to illustrate how our approach is employed to deal with real‐life MCDM problems.     

An integrated fuzzy multi-criteria approach for the performance evaluation of multiple manufacturing plants

The performance evaluation is regarded as a multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) problem and has a significant impact on the operations of the enterprise. This paper develops an integrated MCDM approach that combines the voting method and the fuzzy TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) method to evaluate the performance of multiple manufacturing plants in a fuzzy environment. Fuzzy TOPSIS helps decision-makers carry out analysis and comparisons in ranking their preference of the alternatives with vague or imprecise data. Since the evaluation result is often greatly affected by the weights used in the evaluation process, the voting method is used in this study to determine the appropriate criteria weights. A case study demonstrating the applicability of the proposed model is presented. The case company is the world’s largest manufacturer of power supplies. It has three primary manufacturing bases located in Wujiang, Dongguan, and Tianjin, China. The proposed approach is used to evaluate the performance of the company’s five manufacturing plants in Wujiang, which produce switch power, telecom power, DC/DC converters, uninterruptible power systems (UPS) and AC/DC adapters.     

A new method selection approach for fuzzy group multicriteria decision making

Fuzzy multicriteria decision making (MCDM) has been widely used in ranking a finite number of decision alternatives characterized by fuzzy assessments with respect to multiple criteria. In group decision settings, different fuzzy group MCDM methods often produce inconsistent ranking outcomes for the same problem. To address the ranking inconsistency problem in fuzzy group MCDM, this paper develops a new method selection approach for selecting a fuzzy group MCDM method that produces the most preferred group ranking outcome for a given problem. Based on two group averaging methods, three aggregation procedures and three defuzzification methods, 18 fuzzy group MCDM methods are developed as an illustration to solve the general fuzzy MCDM problem that requires cardinal ranking of the decision alternatives. The approach selects the group ranking outcome of a fuzzy MCDM method which has the highest consistency degree with its corresponding ranking outcomes of individual decision makers. An empirical study on the green bus fuel technology selection problem is used to illustrate how the approach works. The approach is applicable to large-scale group multicriteria decision problems where inconsistent ranking outcomes often exist between different fuzzy MCDM methods.     

Application of a new combined intuitionistic fuzzy MCDM approach based on axiomatic design methodology for the supplier selection problem

Evaluating and selecting a suitable supplier is a complex problem which involves a number of different criteria. In literature, there are various multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods available with their own characteristic features. The focus of this study is intuitionistic fuzzy (IF) MCDM methods which have attracted much attention from academics and practitioners in recent years. IF sets are widely used to tackle imprecise and uncertain decision information in decision making due to their capability of accommodating the hesitation in human decision processes. This study proposes a new integrated methodology that is used for the first time in the literature. This approach consists of intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (IFAHP), an MCDM technique, for determining the weights of supplier evaluation criteria, and the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy axiomatic design (IFAD) principles for ranking competing supplier alternatives with respect to their overall performance. Decision makers’ assessments and opinions are extended to the IF environment in this approach and furthermore, the group decision making (GDM) approach is utilized in order to overcome uncertainties and vagueness, minimize the partiality of decision process and to avoid bias. This study contributes to supplier selection and IF sets literature by providing a combined framework based on IFAHP and IFAD methodology for the first time. To assess the validity of the proposed integrated IF MCDM approach, a case study from Turkey is provided. This study can be useful to researchers in better understanding the supplier selection problem theoretically, as well as to organizations in designing better satisfying supplier evaluation systems.     

A new linguistic MCDM method based on multiple-criterion data fusion

Multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is concerned with the ranking of decision alternatives based on preference judgements made on decision alternatives over a number of criteria. First, taking advantage of data fusion technology to comprehensively consider each criterion data is a reasonable idea to solve the MCDM problem. Second, in order to efficiently handle uncertain information in the process of decision making, some well developed mathematical tools, such as fuzzy sets theory and Dempster Shafer theory of evidence, are used to deal with MCDM. Based on the two main reasons above, a new fuzzy evidential MCDM method under uncertain environments is proposed. The rating of the criteria and the importance weight of the criteria are given by experts’ judgments, represented by triangular fuzzy numbers. Then, the weights are transformed into discounting coefficients and the ratings are transformed into basic probability assignments. The final results can be obtained through the Dempster rule of combination in a simple and straight way. A numerical example to select plant location is used to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.     

Using a multi-criteria decision making approach to evaluate mobile phone alternatives

The arrival of the mobile phone and its rapid and widespread growth may well be seen as one of the most significant developments in the fields of communication and information technology over the past two decades. The aim of this study is to propose a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach to evaluate the mobile phone options in respect to the users' preferences order. Firstly, the most desirable features influencing the choice of a mobile phone are identified. This is realized through a survey conducted among the target group, the experiences of the telecommunication sector experts and the studies in the literature. Two MCDM methods are then used in the evaluation procedure. More precisely, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied to determine the relative weights of evaluation criteria and the extension of the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is applied to rank the mobile phone alternatives. A case study illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

A De Novo multi-approaches multi-criteria decision making technique with an application in performance evaluation of material handling device

Application of multiple conventional approaches to a particular multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem often suffers rank reversal giving rise to confusion and ambiguity in appropriate decision making. To eradicate the confusion, this paper proposes a De Novo multi-approaches multi-criteria decision making method namely Technique of Precise Order Preference (TPOP). The TPOP first examines the inconsistency in the ranking order of the alternatives of a MCDM problem by using multiple conventional approaches. If inconsistency/rank reversal in ranking order of the alternatives exists then TPOP, using advanced version of entropy weighting method introduced in this research work, measures weights of the final selection values of conventional approaches. Subsequently, TPOP based on these weights and final selection values computes precise selection indices (PSI) that determines accurate ranking order for the alternatives. The proposed technique is illustrated by two real life examples on material handling device (MHD) ranking and selection problems. The first example is initially solved using five conventional integrated fuzzy multi-criteria decision making techniques (FMCDMs) whereas the second example is taken from previous researchers’ works. The results obtained using TPOP justify the validity, applicability and requirements of the proposed technique. The study shows that the proposed multi-approaches, multi-criteria decision making technique can be a useful and effective model in MCDM.     

三角模糊数在多属性决策中的建模

为了获得三角模糊数的多属性决策数学模型,将语言变量和三角模糊数引入到多属性决策中,用语言变量或三角模糊数表示多属性决策中的属性值和各属性的权重,采用加权和法求得每个备选方案的三角模糊数最终评价值,并应用三角模糊数的减法运算定义任意两个三角模糊数的优越度,在方案两两对比求得优越度后建立方案的互补判断矩阵,采用最小平方法求得方案排序向量,根据排序向量元素的大小进行方案排序。