应用电子辐照技术试制硅塑封快速二极管及性能研究

介绍了采用高能12 MeV电子辐照效应来控制快速二极管少子寿命的方法,探讨了高能电子辐照对器件少子寿命τ、反向恢复时间trr和正向峰值压降VFM的影响,用高分辨率深能级瞬态仪(DLTS)测定和研究了引入缺陷能级的性质。应用研究结果表明,辐照快速二极管体内引入的缺陷能级是导致其电参数trr和VFM变化的直接原因,该技术可成功取代传统的掺金工艺,并具有τ控制精确,trr和VFM一致性好、重复性好、合格率高、工艺简便的优点,是一项具有发展前途的工艺技术。     

辐照后4H-SiC带电粒子探测器的特性研究

碳化硅材料因其禁带宽度大、晶体原子离位能高等物理特性,被视为制作耐高温、抗辐射器件极具代表性的宽带隙半导体材料。为观察辐照对4H-SiC肖特基二极管带电粒子探测器的电学特性及对α粒子响应的能量分辨率的影响。利用60Co源的γ射线对4H-SiC肖特基二极管探测器进行辐照实验。经过总剂量为1 000 kGy的γ射线辐照后,探测器的正向电流相较于辐照前减小了三个数量级;反向电流值在0～120 V偏压下没有明显变化,当反向偏压高于120 V时,反向电流值变化明显。同时,辐照前后对α粒子的能量分辨率没有明显变化。     

基于CFBR-Ⅱ堆中子辐射场的硅整流二极管辐照效应试验研究

以中国第Ⅱ号快中子脉冲反应堆(CFBR-Ⅱ)为试验平台,采用高功率稳定和多注量点拟合的试验方法测定了典型硅整流二极管的中子辐照实验损伤常数,验证了硅整流二极管的中子辐射损伤规律。试验结果表明:以正向压降为观测效应参数的硅整流二极管对于CFBR-Ⅱ堆泄漏中子能谱的试验损伤常数在3~4×10-15 V.cm2范围,硅整流二极管正向压降随中子注量的变化近似遵从指数增长规律。     

中子辐照诱导Si PIN光电二极管暗电流增大的数值模拟

分析了中子辐照诱导Si PIN光电二极管暗电流增大现象的机理,建立了Si PIN光电二极管的器件物理模型和中子辐照效应模型。运用MEDICI软件进行数值模拟计算,得出了1MeV中子在辐照注量为1010～1014cm-2时,Si PIN光电二极管暗电流变化的初步规律。数值模拟结果与相关文献给出的实验结果吻合较好。     

γ吸收剂量率在线探测用硅光电池的电学性能研究

建立了一种γ吸收剂量率实时在线测量系统,研究了半导体硅光电池BBZSGD-4辐射光生电流和γ吸收剂量率之间的关系,并对其耐辐照性能进行了研究。60 Coγ辐照实验表明:半导体硅光电池BBZSGD-4对60 Co的γ射线有较好的响应,其辐射光生电流与吸收剂量率的关系呈线性规律。当吸收剂量率为94.54Gy/min时,辐射光生电流可达1.26μA。在吸收剂量率为50Gy/min时,辐射光生电流随总吸收剂量的增加呈指数下降,总吸收剂量为5 445.8Gy时,其辐射光生电流衰减1%。半导体硅光电池BBZSGD-4具有作为实时在线低吸收剂量率探测器的潜力。     

钝化膜晶体管的电子辐照效应

本文介绍了Al_2O_3单层钝化膜及Al_2O_3-SiO_2双层钝化膜掩蔽下的外延PNP-3CK2型开关晶体三极管,在高能电子辐照下性能变化的情况,并与无膜管子的辐照情况作了对比。     

碳化硅二极管在高压电源的应用研究

依据脉冲调制器高压电源的需要,研制基于平面绝缘芯变压器结构的高压充电电源。高压充电电源输出结构由多组输出线圈串联,所以电源输出整流二极管数量多,而二极管的功率损耗对电源密封输出结构的温升有直接的影响,所以分别对普通二极管、快恢复二极管和碳化硅肖特基二极管的工作特性进行仿真分析,分析了二极管的关断电流斜率和反向恢复峰值电流的关系,比较了三种二极管在电路中的功率损耗,并依此确定了应用于高压低电流电源上选择二极管的原则。选择C4D05120E(1200V9A)作为高压电源的整流二极管,设计了高压整流电路,并在实验中验证了二极管功率损耗,整体的功率损耗符合二极管功率特性的分析。     

中子辐照对隧道二极管性能的影响

本文介绍了中子辐照环境中,隧道二极管性能的退化,即谷电流增加,峰谷比下降、摆幅电压减少。用二次隧道效应理论解释了这种退化过程。     

砷化镓体效应二极管中子辐照效应

本文研究了C、X和KQ等波段体效应二极管的中子辐照损伤效应。实验观察到中子辐照环境中体效应二极管低场电阻变大,工作电流和射频输出下降,VI特性变化,甚至使负阻特性消失。实验认为,器件性能退化是由中子辐照砷化镓材料的载流子去除效应引起的。     

PIN硅光电二极管用于γ射线探测的试验研究

在X、γ射线的剂量或剂量率测量场合,常用到PIN硅光电二极管.比起传统的电离室等,它有体积小、灵敏度高、成本低、不需要高压等优点;与计数管、闪烁探测器相比,其电流输出的特性可以避免脉冲场下的死时间问题.但大剂量照射造成的辐射损伤是影响其性能的最大因素.以XRB100s-CB380为例,通过试验研究了PIN硅光电二极管的特性,包括灵敏度、偏压影响、温度补偿、辐射损伤及退火等,并简单介绍了实际应用中对输出电流信号的处理方法.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.