高速冲压生产线上下料冗余机械臂的运动学分析

在应用于高速冲压生产线冗余机械臂姿态规划和轨迹优化过程中,以兼顾上下料效率与轨迹的平稳性为目的,对冗余机器臂的加加速度进行约束,基于旋量理论建立运动学模型,得到正运动学方程,采用遗传算法对冗余机械臂进行逆运动学分析,结合五次B样条插值方法,对末端执行器运动轨迹的加加速度进行优化。结果表明,该方案可有效提高上下料效率,保证冗余机械臂上下料过程运行平稳。     

混凝土液压拆除机械臂运动学分析与研究

混凝土液压拆除机械臂运动学分析是混凝土液压拆除机器人运动及控制器设计的重要组成部分。将混凝土液压拆除机械臂作为研究对象,通过D-H法则建立机械臂连接杆坐标系,并完成机械臂的运动学分析。运用ADAMS对模型进行运动学仿真分析,获得了机械臂的运动包络图,测量了机械臂喷枪末端的位移、速度及加速度曲线,验证了理论分析的正确性。结合理论分析与仿真,分析实际使用中机械臂喷枪末端的姿态和运动情况,为末端机械臂的轨迹规划和控制提供了理论依据。     

机械压力机肘杆式工作机构运动学建模与分析

为了分析机械压力机工作机构的运动学特性,应用矢量方程解析法对曲柄肘杆机构进行了运动学分析,在封闭矢量图基础上建立了机构的位移方程,推导了对应速度方程和加速度方程,并得到待求量的解析式;采用机构数值分析法对运动学模型进行了求解分析,设计了运动学方程计算程序框图,基于MATLAB软件编写了计算程序,对非线性运动学方程进行数值求解,并对计算结果进行图形化处理,得到了肘杆摆角以及滑块位移、速度和加速度运动曲线;利用计算结果定量分析工作机构的肘杆摆角极限、最大滑块行程、滑块平均速度与标准方差,并验证了曲柄肘杆机构的设计合理性。     

六自由度串联机械臂运动学及其工作空间研究

根据实际生产需要设计和建立了一种用于焊接车间上下料的六自由度串联机械臂及专用末端执行器模型,针对机械臂的正运动学以及其末端执行器的可达空间进行了研究。基于D-H法对机械臂运动学数学模型进行建立并求得其正运动学方程。提出在Matlab环境下利用Robotics toolbox10.2通过代入各个关节随机参数的方法与机械臂正向运动学分析结果进行对比验证。基于机械臂末端执行器的可达空间与各个关节之间的对应关系,在Matlab中通过采用蒙特卡洛法对机械臂末端执行器的工作区域进行了分析,用描点的方式对机械臂末端执行器工作区域的点云图进行了描绘,通过对点云图的研究得出所设计机械臂结构较为合理的结论。     

基于Simulink的机构运动仿真

简要介绍了Simulink中机械仿真模块组的构成及各模块的主要功能,并将其应用于平面四杆机构的运动分析中,获取机构中某些关键点的瞬时位置、速度和加速度的仿真曲线,进而为四杆机构设计提供一定的理论依据.     

基于ROS的六轴机械臂3D打印运动规划方法

针对六轴机械臂3D打印的关节运动规划问题,基于ROS搭建六轴机械臂3D打印仿真平台。采用KDL正逆运动学求解器及OMPL轨迹规划器对关节运动进行规划。针对末端执行器打印头运动与挤出机运动的不同步问题,通过速度正运动学获得机械臂末端执行器打印头的线速度;根据打印头的挤出工艺参数,建立挤出机的挤料速度与打印头移动速度之间的关系,进行挤出运动规划。结果表明：利用所提方法可实现六轴机械臂在3D打印平台上的集成;打印零件时出丝量较为均匀,避免了因挤料与打印头运动速度不匹配导致的材料堆积或缺失现象,验证了该方法的可行性。     

一种八连杆机械压力机连杆的优化设计

连杆运动不干涉是八连杆机械压力机杆系设计的重要约束条件。拉延速度和加速度直接影响八杆机械压力机性能。提出了八连杆机械压力机杆系不干涉条件的判据,并以不干涉条件、拉延速度和加速度作为惩罚项,使用复合形法对具有13个优化参数的八连杆机械压力机杆系进行了优化,通过优化结果可得到性能较优、满足运动不干涉条件的八连杆压力机杆系。最后以实例说明八连杆机械压力机杆系的优化设计过程,并通过三维软件验证了该结果的可行性。     

串联机械臂关节铰间隙配合精度的设计方法

在串联关节型机械臂的研究中大多都忽略铰间隙的影响,为了得出铰间隙对平面关节式机械臂运动影响,以平面2R机械臂为研究对象,利用DH坐标变换法得出其运动学方程;利用二关节之间的配合关系来确定铰间隙;根据不同的间隙进行三维建模和运动仿真;对仿真结果从位移、速度、加速度三个方面进行对比和分析;利用末端位姿允许误差及MATLAB蒙特卡洛模拟设计铰间配合精度。从结果可以看出:间隙越大末端执行器的位姿精度越低,速度和加速度波动越大但总体波动时间较短,角加速度波动次数较多但波动幅度较小。间隙较小时结果反之。二关节之间不同的间隙组合对机械臂运动也有较大影响。利用末端允许误差及蒙塔卡洛模拟可设计出较优的铰关节处配合精度。     

六连杆压力机的运动学研究

以六连杆压力机机构运动为研究对象,对该机构的滑块位移与曲柄转角、滑块速度与曲柄转角、滑块加速度与曲柄转角的关系进行研究,推导出公式,可系统研究各杆长对滑块运动曲线的影响;在六连杆压力机设计时运用公式计算,准确、快捷、方便。     

基于SimMechanics摆式输送机构运动仿真与分析

论文首次应用SimMechanics对四杆机构和曲柄滑块机构的组合机构进行运动学仿真,并将其应用于摆式输送机构运动分析中,获取机构中某些关键点的瞬时位置、速度和加速度的仿真曲线,并阐明了这种建模方法和仿真技术的具体应用,取得了较好的效果,通过与文献[1]中的基于Simulink的方法作比较得出结论:该方法对机械系统各种运动进行分析,建模直观方便,仿真功能强大。并为复杂多杆机构的设计提供了一定的理论依据和方法。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.